沼泽湿地生态系统氮素循环研究综述
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摘要
沼泽湿地是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,在我国天然湿地面积中占有很大比重,作为氮素的源、汇和转换器,其结构和功能对生态系统氮素循环具有显著影响。本文从沼泽湿地氮素的存在形式、输入与固定、迁移转化及影响因素等方面综述了沼泽湿地氮素循环的过程,并对氮素循环过程造成的生态环境效应进行了分析,最后对沼泽湿地氮循环的进一步深化研究进行了展望。
The marsh wetland is an important part of wetland ecosystems, which occupied a large proportion of the natural wetland area in China. As the source, sink and converter of nitrogen, its structure and function significantly affected the nitrogen cycle. The process of nitrogen circulation in marsh wetlands was summarized in different respects, including existence forms, input, immobilization, transformation and influence factor of nitrogen in marsh wetlands, and analysis was made of the ecological environmental effect caused by the nitrogen cycle. At last, a further research was prospected on the nitrogen cycle in marsh wetlands in the future.
The marsh wetland is an important part of wetland ecosystems, which occupied a large proportion of the natural wetland area in China. As the source, sink and converter of nitrogen, its structure and function significantly affected the nitrogen cycle. The process of nitrogen circulation in marsh wetlands was summarized in different respects, including existence forms, input, immobilization, transformation and influence factor of nitrogen in marsh wetlands, and analysis was made of the ecological environmental effect caused by the nitrogen cycle. At last, a further research was prospected on the nitrogen cycle in marsh wetlands in the future.
引文
[1] 国家林业局,国家发展改革委,财政部.关于印发《全国湿地保护“十三五”实施规划》的函[EB/OL].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/218/content-984258.html,2017-04-20.
[2] 罗玲,王宗明,毛德华,等.沼泽湿地主要类型英文词汇内涵及辨析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):834～842.
[3] Vitousek P M,Aber J D,Howarth R W,et al.Human Alteration of the global nitrogen cycle:sources and consequences[J].Ecological Applications,1997,7(3):737～750.
[4] 罗先香,闫琴,于晓莉,等.河口湿地氮素生物地球化学循环研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(b12):181～187.
[5] 王维奇,王纯,曾从盛,等.闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2012(13):4087～4093.
[6] 牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地土壤碳、氮的空间分异特征[J].地理科学,2012(12):1551～1529.
[7] 甘华阳,张顺之,梁开,等.北部湾北部滨海湿地水体和表层沉积物中营养元素分布与污染评价[J].湿地科学,2012(3):285～298.
[8] 王霞,何成达,赵锦辉.氮素在人工湿地基质中分布研究[J].江苏环境科技,2006(6):20～21,24.
[9] 周旺明,秦胜金,刘景双,等.沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化对温度变化及冻融的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2011(4):806～811.
[10] 曲向荣,贾宏宇,张海荣,等.辽东湾芦苇湿地对陆源营养物质净化作用的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2000(2):270～272.
[11] 刘景双,于君宝,王金达.淡水沼泽湿地泥炭沉积中氮素分布特征[J].环境科学,2003(2):41～45.
[12] Hana ?í?ková,Pechar L,?těpán Husák,et al.Chemical characteristics of soils and pore waters of three wetland sites dominated by Phragmites australis:relation to vegetation composition and reed performance[J].Aquatic Botany,2001,69(2):235～249.
[13] 李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉,等.森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展[J].生态学报,2001(7):1187～1195.
[14] Martin J F,Reddy K R.Interaction and spatial distribution of wetland nitrogen process[J].Ecological Modeling,1997,105(1):1～21.
[15] Kang S,Kang H,Ko D,et al.Nitrogen removal from a riverine wetland:a field survey and simulation study of Phragmites japonica[J].Ecological Engineering,2002(18):467～475.
[16] 张子清,王鹏,陈威名,等.芦苇对氮磷营养盐的吸收特征[J].化学工程与装备,2017(1):8～10.
[17] 王洋,刘景双,孙志高,等.湿地系统氮的生物地球化学研究概述[J].湿地科学,2006(4):311～320.
[18] Peng S Z,Yang S H,Xu J Z,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from paddy fields with different water and nitrogen managements[J].Paddy & Water Environment,2011,9(3):333～342.
[19] 白军红,王庆改,余国营.吉林省向海沼泽湿地土壤中氮素分布特征及生产效应研究[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):113～116.
[20] 白娜,王立,孔东升.黑河自然保护区沼泽湿地土壤化学性质的空间分布特征研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):15～28.
[21] Twilley R R,Chen R.Patterns of mangrove forest structure and soil nutrient dynamics along the Shark River estuary,Florida[J].Estuaries,1999,22(4):955～970.
[22] Zhu W X,Ehrenfeld J G.Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in suburban and undeveloped Atlantic White Cedar wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(2):523～529.
[23] Jensen K.Microscale distribution of nitrification activity in sediment determined with a shielded microsensor for nitrate[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(10):3287～3296.
[24] 林贤彪.闽江口湿地沉积物硝化作用及其环境影响因子探讨[D].福建师范大学,2014.
[25] Howarth R W,Billen G,Swaney D,et al.Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean:Natural and human influences[J].Biogeochemistry,1996,35(1):75～139.
[26] Groffman P M,Hanson G C.Wetland denitrification:influence of site quality and relationships with wetland delineation protocols[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61(1):323～329.
[27] Hooda A K,Weston C J,Chen D.Denitrification in effluent-irrigated clay soil under Eucalyptus Globulus plantation in South-Eastern Australia[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2003,179(1):547～558.
[28] 周旺明,秦胜金,刘景双,等.沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化对温度变化及冻融的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(4):806～811.
[29] 王雪,郭雪莲,郑荣波,等.放牧对滇西北高原纳帕海沼泽化草甸湿地土壤氮转化的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2308～2314.
[30] 李冬冬,仝川,黄佳芳.河口感潮沼泽湿地CO2、CH4排放通量对氮沉降的短期响应[J].实验室研究与探索,2018,37(2):19～22,44.
[31] 邓昭衡,高居娟,周雨露,等.氮沉降对冻融培养期泥炭土二氧化碳排放的影响[J].土壤通报,2015(4):962～966.
[32] 李里,刘伟.氮沉降和水位下降对湿地生态系统的影响[J].湿地科学与管理,2011(4):48～52.
[33] 胡敏杰,仝川.氮输入对天然湿地温室气体通量的影响及机制[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1969～1976.
[34] Jukka A,Sanna S,Hannu N,et al.Winter CO2,CH4 and N2O fluxes on some natural and drained boreal peatlands[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,44(2):163～186.
[35] 张艺,王春梅,许可,等.若尔盖湿地土壤温室气体排放对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):54～63.
[36] Wolf A H,Patz J N.Reactive nitrogen and human health:acute and long-term implications[J].Ambio,2002,31(2):120～125.
[37] 梁艳,干珠扎布,曹旭娟,等.模拟氮沉降对藏北高寒草甸温室气体排放的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):485～494.
[38] 张艺,王春梅,许可,等.若尔盖湿地土壤温室气体排放对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):58～67.
[2] 罗玲,王宗明,毛德华,等.沼泽湿地主要类型英文词汇内涵及辨析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):834～842.
[3] Vitousek P M,Aber J D,Howarth R W,et al.Human Alteration of the global nitrogen cycle:sources and consequences[J].Ecological Applications,1997,7(3):737～750.
[4] 罗先香,闫琴,于晓莉,等.河口湿地氮素生物地球化学循环研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(b12):181～187.
[5] 王维奇,王纯,曾从盛,等.闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2012(13):4087～4093.
[6] 牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地土壤碳、氮的空间分异特征[J].地理科学,2012(12):1551～1529.
[7] 甘华阳,张顺之,梁开,等.北部湾北部滨海湿地水体和表层沉积物中营养元素分布与污染评价[J].湿地科学,2012(3):285～298.
[8] 王霞,何成达,赵锦辉.氮素在人工湿地基质中分布研究[J].江苏环境科技,2006(6):20～21,24.
[9] 周旺明,秦胜金,刘景双,等.沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化对温度变化及冻融的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2011(4):806～811.
[10] 曲向荣,贾宏宇,张海荣,等.辽东湾芦苇湿地对陆源营养物质净化作用的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2000(2):270～272.
[11] 刘景双,于君宝,王金达.淡水沼泽湿地泥炭沉积中氮素分布特征[J].环境科学,2003(2):41～45.
[12] Hana ?í?ková,Pechar L,?těpán Husák,et al.Chemical characteristics of soils and pore waters of three wetland sites dominated by Phragmites australis:relation to vegetation composition and reed performance[J].Aquatic Botany,2001,69(2):235～249.
[13] 李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉,等.森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展[J].生态学报,2001(7):1187～1195.
[14] Martin J F,Reddy K R.Interaction and spatial distribution of wetland nitrogen process[J].Ecological Modeling,1997,105(1):1～21.
[15] Kang S,Kang H,Ko D,et al.Nitrogen removal from a riverine wetland:a field survey and simulation study of Phragmites japonica[J].Ecological Engineering,2002(18):467～475.
[16] 张子清,王鹏,陈威名,等.芦苇对氮磷营养盐的吸收特征[J].化学工程与装备,2017(1):8～10.
[17] 王洋,刘景双,孙志高,等.湿地系统氮的生物地球化学研究概述[J].湿地科学,2006(4):311～320.
[18] Peng S Z,Yang S H,Xu J Z,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from paddy fields with different water and nitrogen managements[J].Paddy & Water Environment,2011,9(3):333～342.
[19] 白军红,王庆改,余国营.吉林省向海沼泽湿地土壤中氮素分布特征及生产效应研究[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):113～116.
[20] 白娜,王立,孔东升.黑河自然保护区沼泽湿地土壤化学性质的空间分布特征研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):15～28.
[21] Twilley R R,Chen R.Patterns of mangrove forest structure and soil nutrient dynamics along the Shark River estuary,Florida[J].Estuaries,1999,22(4):955～970.
[22] Zhu W X,Ehrenfeld J G.Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in suburban and undeveloped Atlantic White Cedar wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(2):523～529.
[23] Jensen K.Microscale distribution of nitrification activity in sediment determined with a shielded microsensor for nitrate[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(10):3287～3296.
[24] 林贤彪.闽江口湿地沉积物硝化作用及其环境影响因子探讨[D].福建师范大学,2014.
[25] Howarth R W,Billen G,Swaney D,et al.Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean:Natural and human influences[J].Biogeochemistry,1996,35(1):75～139.
[26] Groffman P M,Hanson G C.Wetland denitrification:influence of site quality and relationships with wetland delineation protocols[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61(1):323～329.
[27] Hooda A K,Weston C J,Chen D.Denitrification in effluent-irrigated clay soil under Eucalyptus Globulus plantation in South-Eastern Australia[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2003,179(1):547～558.
[28] 周旺明,秦胜金,刘景双,等.沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化对温度变化及冻融的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(4):806～811.
[29] 王雪,郭雪莲,郑荣波,等.放牧对滇西北高原纳帕海沼泽化草甸湿地土壤氮转化的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2308～2314.
[30] 李冬冬,仝川,黄佳芳.河口感潮沼泽湿地CO2、CH4排放通量对氮沉降的短期响应[J].实验室研究与探索,2018,37(2):19～22,44.
[31] 邓昭衡,高居娟,周雨露,等.氮沉降对冻融培养期泥炭土二氧化碳排放的影响[J].土壤通报,2015(4):962～966.
[32] 李里,刘伟.氮沉降和水位下降对湿地生态系统的影响[J].湿地科学与管理,2011(4):48～52.
[33] 胡敏杰,仝川.氮输入对天然湿地温室气体通量的影响及机制[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1969～1976.
[34] Jukka A,Sanna S,Hannu N,et al.Winter CO2,CH4 and N2O fluxes on some natural and drained boreal peatlands[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,44(2):163～186.
[35] 张艺,王春梅,许可,等.若尔盖湿地土壤温室气体排放对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):54～63.
[36] Wolf A H,Patz J N.Reactive nitrogen and human health:acute and long-term implications[J].Ambio,2002,31(2):120～125.
[37] 梁艳,干珠扎布,曹旭娟,等.模拟氮沉降对藏北高寒草甸温室气体排放的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):485～494.
[38] 张艺,王春梅,许可,等.若尔盖湿地土壤温室气体排放对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):58～67.
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