不同基质人工湿地去除重金属Cd的研究
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摘要
以粉煤灰(F)、河砂(S)、河砂+粉煤灰(S+F)为基质,搭配水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、灯芯草(Juncus effusus)和水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes),研究人工湿地对废水中Cd的净化效果。结果表明,3种基质对Cd均有明显的去除效果。其中,F基质去除效果最好,但出水pH和电导率较高,且水芹和水葫芦相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)较高,表明植物生长受到影响。S基质对Cd去除率最低,但植物生长状态良好。S+F基质发生协同作用,有利于植物生长,去除Cd效果也较好,评估为最佳人工湿地基质。人工湿地中不同基质各层全量Cd、有效态Cd分布情况均为上层>中层>下层。
Fly ash(F),river sand(S),river sand-fly ash mixture(S+F)used as substrates,with Oenanthe javanica,Juncus effuses and Eichhornia crassipes used as wetlands plants,the purification effects of constructed wetlands on Cd were studied.The results showed that 3 kinds of substrates had significant removal effect on Cd,and the removal of F was the best,however,its pH and conductivity of effluent were too high.Relative electric conductivity(REC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of Oenanthe javanica and Eichhornia crassipes were high,inhibiting the growth of plants.The removal efficiency of Cd by S was lowest,but plants grew well.By contrast,the synergistic effect of S+F was beneficial to plant growth,and the removal efficiency of Cd was also good.Therefore,S+F was considered as the best substrate of constructed wetland.The distribution of total Cd and available Cd in different layers of substrates of the constructed wetlands were upper layer>middle layer>lower layer.
Fly ash(F),river sand(S),river sand-fly ash mixture(S+F)used as substrates,with Oenanthe javanica,Juncus effuses and Eichhornia crassipes used as wetlands plants,the purification effects of constructed wetlands on Cd were studied.The results showed that 3 kinds of substrates had significant removal effect on Cd,and the removal of F was the best,however,its pH and conductivity of effluent were too high.Relative electric conductivity(REC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of Oenanthe javanica and Eichhornia crassipes were high,inhibiting the growth of plants.The removal efficiency of Cd by S was lowest,but plants grew well.By contrast,the synergistic effect of S+F was beneficial to plant growth,and the removal efficiency of Cd was also good.Therefore,S+F was considered as the best substrate of constructed wetland.The distribution of total Cd and available Cd in different layers of substrates of the constructed wetlands were upper layer>middle layer>lower layer.
引文
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[26]陈苗苗,徐明岗,周世伟,等.不同磷酸盐对污染土壤中镉生物有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):255-262.
[2] SODA S,HAMADA T,YAMAOKA Y,et al.Constructed wetlands for advanced treatment of wastewater with a complex matrix from a metal-processing plant:bioconcentration and translocation factors of various metals in Acorus gramineus and Cyperus alternifolius[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,39:63-70.
[3]李林锋,年跃刚,蒋高明.人工湿地植物研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(8):616-620.
[4]郭萧,熊飞,赵安娜,等.植物配置对表层流湿地净化效果的影响研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):57-60,72.
[5]冀泽华,冯冲凌,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地污水处理系统填料及其净化机理研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2234-2243.
[6]张文江.大型金属矿山环境污染及防治[J].环境保护与循环经济,2012(10):18-21.
[7]陈文慧.模拟人工湿地处理含镉无机废水的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2008.
[8]鲁景,李多松.粉煤灰在重金属废水处理中的应用[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(2):166-167.
[9] GAO W,FATEHI P.Fly ash based adsorbent for treating bleaching effluent of kraft pulping process[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2018,195:60-69.
[10]席永慧,赵红,刘建航.粉煤灰及膨润土对Ni 2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Cd2+的吸附[J].建筑材料学报,2003,6(3):291-295.
[11]阮晶晶,高德,洪剑明.人工湿地基质研究进展[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(6):85-90.
[12]张晓斌,刘鹏,李星.不同基质人工湿地去除电镀重金属(Cr,Zn)的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2016,42(9):83-85.
[13]李小虎.大型金属矿山环境污染及防治研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[14]任珺,陶玲,杨倩,等.芦苇、菖蒲和水葱对水体中Cd富集能力的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(9):1757-1762.
[15]於方,过孝民,张强.中国有色金属工业废水污染特征分析[J].有色金属,2003,55(3):134-139.
[16]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17]李亮亮,张大庚,李天来,等.土壤有效态重金属提取剂选择的研究[J].土壤,2008,40(5):819-823.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19]双龙,妮萨娜,杜江,等.重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定化探土壤样品中有机碳含量[J].安徽化工,2016(4):110-112.
[20]曹笑笑,吕宪国,张仲胜,等.人工湿地设计研究进展[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1):121-128.
[21] GUITTONNY PHILIPPE A,MASOTTI V,HHENERB P.Constructed wetlands to reduce metal pollution from industrial catchments in aquatic Mediterranean ecosystems:a review to overcome obstacles and suggest potential solutions[J].Environment International,2014,64:1-16.
[22]杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
[23] DAN A,OKA M,FUJII Y,et al.Removal of heavy metals from synthetic landfill leachate in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,584/585:742-750.
[24]董小群.水葫芦和水花生深度处理制革废水的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2012.
[25] LESAGE E,ROUSSEAU D,MEERS E,et al.Accumulation of metals in the sediment and reed biomass of a combined constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2007,183(1/2/3/4):253-264.
[26]陈苗苗,徐明岗,周世伟,等.不同磷酸盐对污染土壤中镉生物有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):255-262.
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