我国海水利用产业发展形势与存在问题分析
|
摘要
我国淡水资源贫乏,且分布不均衡,全国半数以上城市缺水,其中约四分之一严重缺水,而海岛地区的缺水问题则更为显著。海水利用作为实现水资源利用的开源增量技术,逐渐受到社会各界的关注。本文首先对海水利用产业的发展现状与政策环境进行梳理,并以三个重点发展海水利用产业的海洋高技术产业基地试点城市(天津、青岛、舟山)为例,展示该产业的地区实践进展与成果。随后进一步分析海水利用的经济性和环境影响,并从价格、政策、投资风险、认识、技术、产能闲置方面分析我国海水利用产业发展过程中存在的主要问题。为进一步推动海水利用产业健康有序发展,有效缓解我国淡水资源不足的现状,提出以下建议:加快推进海水利用立法工作;通过政策、补贴等方式对海水利用产业进行扶持;健全海水利用相关标准;促进海水利用产业集聚发展。
China is deficient in freshwater resources which are unevenly distributed. More than half of the cities in China are short of water. About one-quarter of them are seriously deficient in water, while the problem of water shortage on islands is more significant. As a source broadening incremental technology for realizing water resources utilization, seawater utilization has gradually attracted the attention of the society. This paper firstly describes the development status and policy environment of seawater utilization industry, then takes three high-tech industrial bases(Tianjin, Qingdao and Zhoushan), which focus on developing the seawater utilization industry, for example to demonstrate the regional practice progress and achievements, further discusses the economic and environmental impacts of seawater utilization, and then analyzes main problems in the China′ s seawater utilization industry from the aspects of price, policy,investment risk, understanding, technology and capacity idleness. In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the seawater utilization industry and effectively solve the problem of freshwater insufficiency in China, the paper puts forward the following suggestions: Speeding up the promotion of seawater utilization legislation; supporting the seawater utilization industry with policies and subsidies; improving the relevant standards of seawater utilization; and promoting the agglomeration development of seawater utilization industry.
China is deficient in freshwater resources which are unevenly distributed. More than half of the cities in China are short of water. About one-quarter of them are seriously deficient in water, while the problem of water shortage on islands is more significant. As a source broadening incremental technology for realizing water resources utilization, seawater utilization has gradually attracted the attention of the society. This paper firstly describes the development status and policy environment of seawater utilization industry, then takes three high-tech industrial bases(Tianjin, Qingdao and Zhoushan), which focus on developing the seawater utilization industry, for example to demonstrate the regional practice progress and achievements, further discusses the economic and environmental impacts of seawater utilization, and then analyzes main problems in the China′ s seawater utilization industry from the aspects of price, policy,investment risk, understanding, technology and capacity idleness. In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the seawater utilization industry and effectively solve the problem of freshwater insufficiency in China, the paper puts forward the following suggestions: Speeding up the promotion of seawater utilization legislation; supporting the seawater utilization industry with policies and subsidies; improving the relevant standards of seawater utilization; and promoting the agglomeration development of seawater utilization industry.
引文
[1]中国统计年鉴[J].中国统计出版社,2018.
[2]海水利用专项规划[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,国家海洋局,财政部,2005.
[3]2016年全国海水利用报告[R].北京:国家海洋局,2017.
[4]邢淑颖,刘淑静,李磊,等.典型国家海水淡化水定价机制及对我国的启示[J].水利经济,2014,32(3):31-34,76.
[5]刘淑静,张佛坤,邹川玲,等.国外海水淡化技术选择决策研究及对我国的借鉴[J].科技管理研究,2014(23):73-75,90.
[6]王静,刘淑静,侯纯扬,等.我国海水淡化产业发展模式建议研究[J].中国软科学,2013(12):24-31.
[7]陈爱慧,刘淑静,邹川玲,等.我国海水淡化产业区域发展特点及建议[J].水利经济,2015,33(6):61-64,82.
[8]王佳鑫,刘丰珩,张国辉.青岛市海水淡化发展思路及建议[J].城镇供水,2018(1):19-22.
[9]刘勇波,董紫君,吴路林,等.深圳低碳示范城及周边区域海水利用分析[J].天津科技,2018,45(8):12-14.
[10]李磊,刘淑静.天津滨海新区海水淡化发展潜力与模式分析[J].水利经济,2015,33(1):48-50,75.
[11]阮春菊.推进海水利用规模化的思考与建议[N].中国海洋报,2018-04-10(2).
[12]刘家沂.论推进我国海水利用产业发展的立法思路和法制保障措施[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21:286-289.
[13]周珂,史一舒.我国海水利用管理立法分析[J].环境保护,2018(15):7-11.
[2]海水利用专项规划[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,国家海洋局,财政部,2005.
[3]2016年全国海水利用报告[R].北京:国家海洋局,2017.
[4]邢淑颖,刘淑静,李磊,等.典型国家海水淡化水定价机制及对我国的启示[J].水利经济,2014,32(3):31-34,76.
[5]刘淑静,张佛坤,邹川玲,等.国外海水淡化技术选择决策研究及对我国的借鉴[J].科技管理研究,2014(23):73-75,90.
[6]王静,刘淑静,侯纯扬,等.我国海水淡化产业发展模式建议研究[J].中国软科学,2013(12):24-31.
[7]陈爱慧,刘淑静,邹川玲,等.我国海水淡化产业区域发展特点及建议[J].水利经济,2015,33(6):61-64,82.
[8]王佳鑫,刘丰珩,张国辉.青岛市海水淡化发展思路及建议[J].城镇供水,2018(1):19-22.
[9]刘勇波,董紫君,吴路林,等.深圳低碳示范城及周边区域海水利用分析[J].天津科技,2018,45(8):12-14.
[10]李磊,刘淑静.天津滨海新区海水淡化发展潜力与模式分析[J].水利经济,2015,33(1):48-50,75.
[11]阮春菊.推进海水利用规模化的思考与建议[N].中国海洋报,2018-04-10(2).
[12]刘家沂.论推进我国海水利用产业发展的立法思路和法制保障措施[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21:286-289.
[13]周珂,史一舒.我国海水利用管理立法分析[J].环境保护,2018(15):7-11.