基于散射计风场数据的台风强度诊断方法——以海洋二号卫星数据为例
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摘要
本文提出了一种基于散射计风场数据的台风定强方法。该方法定义了台风所在海区的一个圆形区域上的风速平均值来对台风进行定强,并使用海洋二号卫星散射计历史数据对该方法进行了验证。验证结果表明,该台风定强方法可以克服散射计反演台风风速过低的问题。与台风强度监测的历史记录比较的结果显示,在台风强度低于"强台风"这一强度等级时,该方法能够有效估算台风强度。
A typhoon intensity estimation technique based on scatterometer wind data is proposed in this study. The mean of sea surface wind speed computed in a circular area of the typhoon, is used to determine the typhoon intensity. This technique is verified by typhoon cases from the HY-2 satellite scatterometer data. The verification results indicate that the method proposed in this study can overcome the problems with underestimated wind speed retrieved from typical scatterometers. And the method is proved to be effective for determining typhoon intensity for cases under severe typhoon category, as compared with historical typhoon records.
A typhoon intensity estimation technique based on scatterometer wind data is proposed in this study. The mean of sea surface wind speed computed in a circular area of the typhoon, is used to determine the typhoon intensity. This technique is verified by typhoon cases from the HY-2 satellite scatterometer data. The verification results indicate that the method proposed in this study can overcome the problems with underestimated wind speed retrieved from typical scatterometers. And the method is proved to be effective for determining typhoon intensity for cases under severe typhoon category, as compared with historical typhoon records.
引文
[1] 冯士筰, 李凤岐, 李少菁. 海洋科学导论[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1999: 254. Feng Shizuo, Li Fengqi, Li Shaojing. An Introduction to Marine Science[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1999: 254.
[2] Gray W M. Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1968, 96(10): 669-700.
[3] Gray W M. Hurricanes: their formation, structure, and likely role in the tropical circulation[M]//Shaw D B. Meteorology Over the Tropical Oceans. Bracknell, UK: Royal Meteorological Society, 1979: 155-218.
[4] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 19201-2006, 热带气旋等级[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China, Standardization Administration. GB/T 19201-2006, Grade of Tropical Cyclones[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2006.
[5] 刘喆, 王新, 李万彪, 等. Dvorak技术估测热带气旋强度研究进展[J]. 气象科技, 2007, 35(4): 453-457. Liu Zhe, Wang Xin, Li Wanbiao, et al. Progresses in estimation of tropical cyclone intensity with Dvorak technique[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2007, 35(4): 453-457.
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[8] 蒋兴伟, 宋清涛. 海洋卫星微波遥感技术发展现状与展望[J]. 科技导报, 2010, 28(3): 105-111. Jiang Xingwei, Song Qingtao. Satellite microwave measurements of the global oceans and future missions[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2010, 28(3): 105-111.
[9] 蒋兴伟, 林明森, 宋清涛. 海洋二号卫星主被动微波遥感探测技术研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2013, 15(7): 4-11. Jiang Xingwei, Lin Mingsen, Song Qingtao. Active and passive microwave remote sensing technology of the HY-2A ocean satellite mission[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2013, 15(7): 4-11.
[10] Spencer M W, Wu C, Long D G. Tradeoffs in the design of a spaceborne scanning pencil beam scatterometer: application to SeaWinds[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 1997, 35(1): 115-126.
[11] 朱素云, 刘浩, 董晓龙. 海洋二号有效载荷微波散射计数据处理系统的设计[C]//微波遥感技术研讨会. 深圳, 2006: 152-154. Zhu Suyun, Liu Hao, Dong Xiaolong. Design of microwave data scatterometer data processing system for HY-2 satellite payload[C]//Microwave Remote Sensing Technology Seminar. Shenzhen, 2006: 152-154.
[12] 许可, 董晓龙, 张德海, 等. HY-2雷达高度计和微波散射计[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2005, 20(1): 89-93. Xu Ke, Dong Xiaolong, Zhang Dehai, et al. HY-2 radar altimeter and microwave scatterometer[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2005, 20(1): 89-93.
[13] 邹巨洪, 林明森, 潘德炉, 等. QuikSCAT在台风监测中的应用[J]. 遥感学报, 2009, 13(5): 847-862. Zou Juhong, Lin Mingsen, Pan Delu, et al. Applications of QuikSCAT in typhoon observation and tracking[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 13(5): 847-862.
[14] 林明森, 张毅, 宋清涛, 等. HY-2卫星微波散射计在西北太平洋台风监测中的应用研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2014, 16(6): 46-53. Lin Mingsen, Zhang Yi, Song Qingtao, et al. Application study of the HY-2 scatterometer on monitoring typhoon events in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2014, 16(6): 46-53.
[15] 刘璟怡, 王振占, 殷晓斌, 等. 基于全极化微波辐射计WindSat亮温数据的海面风场反演[J]. 高技术通讯, 2008, 18(5): 519-524. Liu Jingyi, Wang Zhenzhan, Yin Xiaobin, et al. Ocean wind retrieval from the brightness temperature data of the WindSat microwave polarimetric radiometer[J]. Chinese High Technology Letters, 2008, 18(5): 519-524.
[16] 王振占, 姜景山, 刘璟怡, 等. 全极化微波辐射计遥感海面风场的关键技术和科学问题[J]. 中国工程科学, 2008, 10(6): 76-86. Wang Zhenzhan, Jiang Jingshan, Liu Jingyi, et al. Critical technique and scientific topic on fully polarized microwave radiometer remote sensing sea surface wind vector[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2008, 10(6): 76-86.
[17] 张毅. 海洋二号卫星台风监测概况[J]. 卫星应用, 2016(6): 31-34. Zhang Yi. Overview of typhoon monitoring of HY-2 satellite[J]. Satellite Application, 2016(6): 31-34.
[18] Ying Ming, Zhang Wei, Yu Hui, et al. An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2014, 31(2): 287-301.
[19] 何金海, 郭品文, 银燕, 等. 大气科学概论[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2012: 251. He Jinhai, Guo Pinwen, Yin Yan, et al. Introduction to Atmospheric Science[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2012: 251.
[2] Gray W M. Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1968, 96(10): 669-700.
[3] Gray W M. Hurricanes: their formation, structure, and likely role in the tropical circulation[M]//Shaw D B. Meteorology Over the Tropical Oceans. Bracknell, UK: Royal Meteorological Society, 1979: 155-218.
[4] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 19201-2006, 热带气旋等级[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China, Standardization Administration. GB/T 19201-2006, Grade of Tropical Cyclones[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2006.
[5] 刘喆, 王新, 李万彪, 等. Dvorak技术估测热带气旋强度研究进展[J]. 气象科技, 2007, 35(4): 453-457. Liu Zhe, Wang Xin, Li Wanbiao, et al. Progresses in estimation of tropical cyclone intensity with Dvorak technique[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2007, 35(4): 453-457.
[6] 王新, 郭强. 基于FY-2E卫星CIBLE定标结果的台风客观定强效果评估[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2014, 33(4): 442-449. Wang Xin, Guo Qiang. Performance evaluation of objective tropical cyclone intensity determination with FY-2E/CIBLE results[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2014, 33(4): 442-449.
[7] Dvorak V F. Tropical cyclone intensity analysis and forecasting from satellite imagery[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1975, 103(5): 420-430.
[8] 蒋兴伟, 宋清涛. 海洋卫星微波遥感技术发展现状与展望[J]. 科技导报, 2010, 28(3): 105-111. Jiang Xingwei, Song Qingtao. Satellite microwave measurements of the global oceans and future missions[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2010, 28(3): 105-111.
[9] 蒋兴伟, 林明森, 宋清涛. 海洋二号卫星主被动微波遥感探测技术研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2013, 15(7): 4-11. Jiang Xingwei, Lin Mingsen, Song Qingtao. Active and passive microwave remote sensing technology of the HY-2A ocean satellite mission[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2013, 15(7): 4-11.
[10] Spencer M W, Wu C, Long D G. Tradeoffs in the design of a spaceborne scanning pencil beam scatterometer: application to SeaWinds[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 1997, 35(1): 115-126.
[11] 朱素云, 刘浩, 董晓龙. 海洋二号有效载荷微波散射计数据处理系统的设计[C]//微波遥感技术研讨会. 深圳, 2006: 152-154. Zhu Suyun, Liu Hao, Dong Xiaolong. Design of microwave data scatterometer data processing system for HY-2 satellite payload[C]//Microwave Remote Sensing Technology Seminar. Shenzhen, 2006: 152-154.
[12] 许可, 董晓龙, 张德海, 等. HY-2雷达高度计和微波散射计[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2005, 20(1): 89-93. Xu Ke, Dong Xiaolong, Zhang Dehai, et al. HY-2 radar altimeter and microwave scatterometer[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2005, 20(1): 89-93.
[13] 邹巨洪, 林明森, 潘德炉, 等. QuikSCAT在台风监测中的应用[J]. 遥感学报, 2009, 13(5): 847-862. Zou Juhong, Lin Mingsen, Pan Delu, et al. Applications of QuikSCAT in typhoon observation and tracking[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 13(5): 847-862.
[14] 林明森, 张毅, 宋清涛, 等. HY-2卫星微波散射计在西北太平洋台风监测中的应用研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2014, 16(6): 46-53. Lin Mingsen, Zhang Yi, Song Qingtao, et al. Application study of the HY-2 scatterometer on monitoring typhoon events in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2014, 16(6): 46-53.
[15] 刘璟怡, 王振占, 殷晓斌, 等. 基于全极化微波辐射计WindSat亮温数据的海面风场反演[J]. 高技术通讯, 2008, 18(5): 519-524. Liu Jingyi, Wang Zhenzhan, Yin Xiaobin, et al. Ocean wind retrieval from the brightness temperature data of the WindSat microwave polarimetric radiometer[J]. Chinese High Technology Letters, 2008, 18(5): 519-524.
[16] 王振占, 姜景山, 刘璟怡, 等. 全极化微波辐射计遥感海面风场的关键技术和科学问题[J]. 中国工程科学, 2008, 10(6): 76-86. Wang Zhenzhan, Jiang Jingshan, Liu Jingyi, et al. Critical technique and scientific topic on fully polarized microwave radiometer remote sensing sea surface wind vector[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2008, 10(6): 76-86.
[17] 张毅. 海洋二号卫星台风监测概况[J]. 卫星应用, 2016(6): 31-34. Zhang Yi. Overview of typhoon monitoring of HY-2 satellite[J]. Satellite Application, 2016(6): 31-34.
[18] Ying Ming, Zhang Wei, Yu Hui, et al. An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2014, 31(2): 287-301.
[19] 何金海, 郭品文, 银燕, 等. 大气科学概论[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2012: 251. He Jinhai, Guo Pinwen, Yin Yan, et al. Introduction to Atmospheric Science[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2012: 251.
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