渤海海峡水动力分布特征研究
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摘要
本文采用三维数值模拟的方法,研究了渤海海峡潮位、潮流特征以及各水道的潮通量。结果表明:渤海海峡潮时整体由南向北延迟,南部与北部相差约40 min;渤海海峡潮波兼具前进波和驻波性质,一个潮周期内两次高低潮流速相差较大,最大流速位于老铁山水道,大部分落潮时潮流由北黄海流向渤海,涨潮时相反;落急时表层流速明显大于底层,涨急时表底层流速变化不明显;渤海海峡大潮期落潮潮通量大于涨潮潮通量,总潮通量约1 224.939 6×10~8 m~3,老铁山水道的潮通量占整个海峡潮通量的68.13%。
In this paper, the tidal level, tidal current and tidal flux of each channel are studied by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. The tide of the Bohai Strait is delayed from south to north, and the difference between the south and the north is about 40 minutes. The strait tidal current has both forward and standing wave properties. There is a big difference of the velocity between the two high tides of a tidal cycle. The maximum flow rate is located in the Lao Tieshan waterway, and most of the ebb tide flows from the North Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea and the opposite of the flood tide. The surface velocity is significantly larger than that of the bottom layer. The surface layer and bottom layer flow rate changes are not obvious during ebb tide. The tidal flux during flood tide is greater than that during ebb tide of the Bohai Strait. The total tidal flux is about 1 224.939 6 million square meters. The tidal flux of the Laotieshan waterway accounts for 68.13% of the whole strait.
In this paper, the tidal level, tidal current and tidal flux of each channel are studied by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. The tide of the Bohai Strait is delayed from south to north, and the difference between the south and the north is about 40 minutes. The strait tidal current has both forward and standing wave properties. There is a big difference of the velocity between the two high tides of a tidal cycle. The maximum flow rate is located in the Lao Tieshan waterway, and most of the ebb tide flows from the North Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea and the opposite of the flood tide. The surface velocity is significantly larger than that of the bottom layer. The surface layer and bottom layer flow rate changes are not obvious during ebb tide. The tidal flux during flood tide is greater than that during ebb tide of the Bohai Strait. The total tidal flux is about 1 224.939 6 million square meters. The tidal flux of the Laotieshan waterway accounts for 68.13% of the whole strait.
引文
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[2] 朱玉荣.潮流场对渤、黄、东海陆架底质分布的控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(2):7-13.ZHU Yu-rong.The controlling role of tidal current regime in the distribution patterns of bottom sediments in the continental shelves of the Bohai Sea in Yellow Sea and East China Sea [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2001,21(2):7-13.
[3] 李爱超,乔璐璐,万修全,等.渤海海峡悬浮体分布、通量及其季节变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):310-318.LI Ai-Chao,QIAO Lu-Lu,WAN Xiu-Quan et al,Distribution,flux and seasonal variation of suspended particulate matters in the Bohai strait[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(2):310-318.
[4] 肖合辉,王厚杰,毕乃双,等.渤黄海海域悬浮体季节性分布及主要运移路径[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(2):11-21.XIAO Hehui,WANG Houjie,BI Naishuang et al.Seasonal variation of suspended sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Sea and the pathway of sediment transport[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2015,35 (2):11-21.
[5] 赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):466-473.Zhao Baoren,Zhuang Guowen,Cao Deming.Circulation,tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentaions in the BOHAI Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):466-473.
[6] Wei H,Hainbucher D.Tidal-induced Lagrangian and Eulerian mean circulation in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2004,44(3-4):141-151.
[7] Liang S X,Sun Z C,Typical seasonal circulation in the Bohai Sea[J].In of the Thirteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,2003,8:282-289.
[8] 陈晓辉,张训华,李日辉,等.渤海海峡海域灾害地质研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(1):11-19.CHENG Xiaohui,ZHANG Xunhua,LI Rihui et al.A preliminary study on hazardous geology in the Bohai Strait[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2014,34(1):11-19.
[9] 谭忠盛,吴永胜,万飞.渤海海峡跨海工程自然条件分析[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(12):32-38.Tan Zhongsheng,Wu Yongsheng,Wan Fei.Analysis of natural condition for Bohai Strait cross-sea engineering[J].Engineering Science in China.2013,15 (12):32-38.
[10] 海洋图集编委会.渤海、黄海、东海海洋图集(水文)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.Committee for the Editorial of Atlas of the Sea.Atlas of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea (Hydrology)[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992.
[11] 姜胜辉.渤海海峡现代沉积特征及控制因素[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2018.JIANG Sheng-hui.Modern Sedimentary Characteristics and Controlling Factors in Bohai Strait[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2018.
[12] DHI Water &Environment.MIKE3 User Guide [M].Denmark:DHI Water &Environment,2002.
[13] 史经昊.胶州湾演变对人类活动的响应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.SHI Jing-hao.Anthropogenic Influence on the Evolution of Jiaozhou Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.
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