冰封期呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系
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摘要
为探讨冰封状态下呼伦湖的水生态系统演变过程,2015年12月—2016年3月环湖设置6个采样点进行浮游藻类及湖水水质的监测。浮游藻类以绿藻门Chlorophyta种类最多(52.5%),其次为硅藻门Bacillariophyta(29.8%),蓝藻门Cyanophyta(10.5%)。物种丰富度和3种生物多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)从12月至次年3月呈下降趋势。浮游藻类丰度自12月至次年3月呈现上升趋势。典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果表明:NH_3-N、TN、TP、电导率、DO、BOD_5、COD_(Mn)和pH是影响呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构特征的主要环境因子,其中,NH_3-N、TN和TP分别对硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门的影响较大。
For the purpose of investigating the evolution process of aquatic ecosystem in the Hulun Lake during the icebound season, the phytoplankton community structure and water quality were surveyed at 6 sampling sites around the lake from December 2015 to March 2016. The results showed that Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta accounted for 52.5%, 29.8%, 10.5% of all the species, respectively. The species richness and biodiversity indices(included Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou index) decreased from December 2015 to march 2016, while the phytoplankton density increased simultaneously. CCA revealed that phytoplankton community structure was heavily determined by levels of NH_3-N, TN, TP, Cond, DO, BOD_5, COD_(Mn) and pH. NH_3-N, TN, TP had great influence on Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta, respectively.
For the purpose of investigating the evolution process of aquatic ecosystem in the Hulun Lake during the icebound season, the phytoplankton community structure and water quality were surveyed at 6 sampling sites around the lake from December 2015 to March 2016. The results showed that Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta accounted for 52.5%, 29.8%, 10.5% of all the species, respectively. The species richness and biodiversity indices(included Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou index) decreased from December 2015 to march 2016, while the phytoplankton density increased simultaneously. CCA revealed that phytoplankton community structure was heavily determined by levels of NH_3-N, TN, TP, Cond, DO, BOD_5, COD_(Mn) and pH. NH_3-N, TN, TP had great influence on Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta, respectively.
引文
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[22] 栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,等.长江口夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):445-450.LUAN Qingshan,SUN Jun,SONG Shuqun,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Summer Phytoplankton Community and Its Environment in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(3):445-450.
[23] 邓建明,秦伯强.全球变暖对淡水湖泊浮游植物影响研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(1):1-10.DENG Jianming,QIN Boqiang.A Review on Studies of Effects of Climate Change on Phytoplankton in Freshwater Sytsems[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(1):1-10.
[24] 王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,等.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):922-927.WANG Yufei,ZHAO Xiulan,HE Binghui,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Summer Phytoplankton Community and Its Environmental Factors in Hanfeng Lake[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):922-927.
[25] 路娜,尹洪斌,邓建才,等.巢湖流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):950-956.LU Na,YIN Hongbin,DENG Jiancai,et al.Spring Community Structure of Phytoplankton from Lake Chaohu and Its Relationship to Environmental Factors[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(6):950-956.
[2] 胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等.论中国干旱区湖泊研究的重要意义[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(2):137-140.HU Ruji,JIANG Fengqing,WANG Yajun,et al.On the Importance of Research on the Lakes in Arid Land of China[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(2):137-140.
[3] CARDINALE B J,PALMER M A,COLLINS S L.Species Diversity Enhances Ecosystem Functioning Through Interspecific Facilitation[J].Nature,2002,415(6 870):426-429.
[4] 许金花,潘伟斌,张海燕.城市小型潜水人工湖泊浮游藻类与水质特征研究[J].生态科学,2007,26(1):36-40.XU Jinhua,PAN Weibin,ZHANG Haiyan.Studying on Planktonic Algae and Characteristics of Water Quality of some Small and Adlittoral Artificial Lake in the City Zone[J].Ecologic Science,2007,26(1):36-40.
[5] 李帅,张婕,郭东罡,等.黄河中游湿地植物分类学多样性研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(6):775-783.LI Shuai,ZHANG Jie,GUO Donggang,et al.Wetland Plant Taxonomic Diversity in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River[J].Plant Sclence Journal,2015,33(6):775-783.
[6] 邱小琮,赵红雪.宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(1):20-26.QIU Xiaocong,ZHAO Hongxue.Community Structure and Biodiversity of Phytoplankton in Shahu Lake,Ningxia[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(1):20-26.
[7] 张俊芳,冯佳,谢树莲,等.山西宁武亚高山湖群浮游植物群落结构特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):117-122.ZHANG Junfang,FENG Jia,XIE Shulian,et al.Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structures in Ningwu Subalpine Lakes,Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24(1):117-122.
[8] 吴波,陈德辉,吴琼,等.黄浦江浮游植物群落结构及其对水环境的指示作用[J].武汉植物学研究,2007(5):467-472.WU Bo,CHEN Dehui,WU Qiong,et al.Study on the Structure of Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality Monitoring in Huangpu River[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2007(5):467-472.
[9] 张华,胡鸿钧,晁爱敏,等.浙江紧水滩水库浮游植物群落结构季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):944-956.ZHANG Hua,HU Hongjun,JIAO Aimin,et al.Seasonal Changes of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Jinshuitan Reservoir,Zhejiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):944-956.
[10] 闵奋力,左进城,刘碧云,等.穗状狐尾藻与不同生长期苦草种间竞争研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(1):47-55.MIN Fenli,ZUO Jincheng,LIU Biyun,et al.Competition Between Myriophyllum Spicatum L.and Vallisneria Natans (Lour) Hara at Different Growth Stages[J].Plant Sclence Journal,2016,34(1):47-55.
[11] 沈会涛,刘存歧.白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(6):773-779.SHEN Huitao,LIU Cunqi.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Phytoplankton Community and Its Environmental Factors in the Lake Baiyangdian[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(6):773-779.
[12] 张义科,张雪松,田玉梅.利用浮游植物群落评价白洋淀水质的研究[J].河北大学学报:自然科学版,1997(4):39-46.ZHANG Yike,ZHANG Xuesong,TIAN Yumei.Study on Assessment of Water Quality of the Lake Baiyangdian Using Phytoplankton on Community Ctructuer[J].Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science),1997(4):39-46.
[13] 黄祥飞,陈伟民,蔡启铭.湖泊生态调查观测与分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[14] 周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[15] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[16] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版增补版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17] BELAOUSSOFF S,KEVAN PG,MURPHY S,et al.Assessing Tillage Disturbance on Assemblages of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae)by Using a Range of Ecological Indices[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2003,12(5):851-882.
[18] LAMPITT R S,WISHNER K F,TURLEY C M,et al.Marine Snow Studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean:Distribution,Composition and Role as a Food Source for Migrating Plankton[J].Marine Biology,1993,116:689-702.
[19] LOPES M R M,BICUDO C E M,FERRAGUT M C.Short Term Spatial and Temporal Variation of Phytoplankton in a Shallow Tropical Oligotrophic Reservoir,Southeast Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,542:235-247.
[20] MUYLAERT K,SABBE K,VYVERMAN W.Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Communities in a Freshwater Tidal Estuary (Schelde,Belgium)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,50:673-687.
[21] 赵孟绪,雷腊梅,韩博平.亚热带水库浮游植物群落季节变化及其影响因素分析:以汤溪水库为例[J].热带亚热带植物学,2005,13(5):386-392.ZHAO Mengxu,LEI Lamei,HAN Boping.Seasonal Change in Phytoplankton Communities in Tangxi Reservoir and the Effecting Factors[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2005,13(5):386-392.
[22] 栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,等.长江口夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):445-450.LUAN Qingshan,SUN Jun,SONG Shuqun,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Summer Phytoplankton Community and Its Environment in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(3):445-450.
[23] 邓建明,秦伯强.全球变暖对淡水湖泊浮游植物影响研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(1):1-10.DENG Jianming,QIN Boqiang.A Review on Studies of Effects of Climate Change on Phytoplankton in Freshwater Sytsems[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(1):1-10.
[24] 王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,等.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):922-927.WANG Yufei,ZHAO Xiulan,HE Binghui,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Summer Phytoplankton Community and Its Environmental Factors in Hanfeng Lake[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):922-927.
[25] 路娜,尹洪斌,邓建才,等.巢湖流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):950-956.LU Na,YIN Hongbin,DENG Jiancai,et al.Spring Community Structure of Phytoplankton from Lake Chaohu and Its Relationship to Environmental Factors[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(6):950-956.