山口红树林湿地沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价
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摘要
对广西山口红树林国际重要湿地表层沉积物重金属含量进行测定和分析,并采用单因子指数法和H?kanson的潜在生态风险指数法对重金属的污染特征及潜在生态风险性进行了评价。结果表明:山口红树林湿地表层沉积物6种重金属的平均含量均低于国家海洋沉积物一类标准,总体污染程度为"轻";从潜在生态风险空间分布特征看,2#和10#站位的潜在生态风险指数分别为137. 22和144. 10,为中潜在生态风险,其他站位表现为低潜在生态风险;山口湿地沉积物重金属总体潜在生态风险程度低,各重金属元素的潜在生态风险程度由高到低依次为Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn,其中Cd为主要潜在生态风险因子;统计分析结果表明,Cr、Cu和Zn这3种重金属元素之间具有极正相关性,结合因子分析和实地调查结果推测:Cr、Cu和Zn来源主要是人类活动,养殖排污和生活污水为主要来源。
The surface sediments of Shankou mangroves nature reserve were sampled and the heavy metal contamination was monitored. Distribution and contents of the heavy metals were comparatively analyzed in this study. The pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments was investigated by applying the single factor index and H?kanson potential ecological risk index.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr were lower than the first level of heavy metals in marine sediment regulated in the GB 18668-2002. The overall contamination level of heavy metal in the surface sediments of Shankou mangroves nature reserve was intermediate. According to the spatial distribution characteristics of potential ecological risks,the potential ecological risk indexes of stations 2 and 10 were 137. 22 and 144. 10,which were medium potential ecological risks,while the other stations were slight. The overall level of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment was low,while the potential ecological risk of heavy metals followed the order:Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn. Cd was the key factor of potential ecological risk. The statistical analysis results showed that there were strong correlations among heavy metals such as Cr,Cu and Zn in the surface soil of Shankou mangrove wetland. Cr,Cu and Zn are mainly derived from human activities,and sewage from aquaculture and domestic sewage are the main sources.
The surface sediments of Shankou mangroves nature reserve were sampled and the heavy metal contamination was monitored. Distribution and contents of the heavy metals were comparatively analyzed in this study. The pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments was investigated by applying the single factor index and H?kanson potential ecological risk index.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr were lower than the first level of heavy metals in marine sediment regulated in the GB 18668-2002. The overall contamination level of heavy metal in the surface sediments of Shankou mangroves nature reserve was intermediate. According to the spatial distribution characteristics of potential ecological risks,the potential ecological risk indexes of stations 2 and 10 were 137. 22 and 144. 10,which were medium potential ecological risks,while the other stations were slight. The overall level of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment was low,while the potential ecological risk of heavy metals followed the order:Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn. Cd was the key factor of potential ecological risk. The statistical analysis results showed that there were strong correlations among heavy metals such as Cr,Cu and Zn in the surface soil of Shankou mangrove wetland. Cr,Cu and Zn are mainly derived from human activities,and sewage from aquaculture and domestic sewage are the main sources.
引文
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[15]邓利,张慧敏,劳大荣,等.福田红树林自然保护区沉积物重金属污染现状及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(6):947-953.
[16]罗松英,王嘉琦,周敏,等.湛江东海岛红树林湿地表层土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(8):1547-1555.
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[18]季一诺,赵志忠,吴丹,等.海南东寨港红树林沉积物中重金属的分布及其生物有效性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):593-600.
[19]HU B Q,CUI R Y,LI J,et al.Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua River Estuary and adjacent shelf(Hainan Island)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76(1/2):400-405.
[20]蔡继晗,李凯,郑向勇,等.水产养殖重金属污染现状及治理技术研究进展[J].水产科学,2010,29(12):749-752.
[2]蹇丽,刘洁,李慧君,等.东寨港海水及沉积物中Hg和As形态分布研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(6):33-38.
[3]RAY A K,TRIPATHY S C,PATRA S,et al.Assessment of Godavari estuarine mangrove ecosystem through trace metal studies[J].Environment Intemational,2006,32:219-223.
[4]NATH B,BIRCH G,CHAUDHURI P.Trace metal biogeochemistry in mangrove ecosystems:A comparative assessment of acidified(by acid sulfate soils)and non-acidified sites[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,463-464C:667-674.
[5]丁振华,刘金铃,李柳强,等.中国主要红树林湿地沉积物中汞的分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(8):2210-2215.
[6]MIOLA B,MORAIS J O,PINHEIRO L S.Trace metal concentrations in tropical mangrove sediments,NE Brazil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,102(1):206-209.
[7]邓利,张慧敏,劳大荣,等.福田红树林自然保护区沉积物重金属污染现状及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(6):947-953.
[8]SANDILYAN S,KATHIRESAN K.Decline of mangroves:A threat of heavy metal poisoning in Asia[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014,102(Part A):161-168.
[9]LI R G,LI R L,CHAI M W.Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in Futian mangrove forest sediment in Shenzhen Bay,South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(1):448-456.
[10]国家质量技术监督局.海洋监测规范(GB17378-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-55.
[11]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sediment to logical approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[12]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-382.
[13]丘耀文,朱良生.海陵湾沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态危害[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(1):22-24.
[14]邢孔敏,陈石泉,蔡泽富,等.海南东寨港表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].海洋科学进展,2018,36(3):478-488.
[15]邓利,张慧敏,劳大荣,等.福田红树林自然保护区沉积物重金属污染现状及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(6):947-953.
[16]罗松英,王嘉琦,周敏,等.湛江东海岛红树林湿地表层土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(8):1547-1555.
[17]刘景春.福建红树林湿地沉积物重金属的环境地球化学研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2006:32-36.
[18]季一诺,赵志忠,吴丹,等.海南东寨港红树林沉积物中重金属的分布及其生物有效性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):593-600.
[19]HU B Q,CUI R Y,LI J,et al.Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua River Estuary and adjacent shelf(Hainan Island)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76(1/2):400-405.
[20]蔡继晗,李凯,郑向勇,等.水产养殖重金属污染现状及治理技术研究进展[J].水产科学,2010,29(12):749-752.