激光雷达在湖北大气环境监测中的应用
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摘要
介绍了激光雷达通过垂直扫描、水平扫描和车载走航等方法在湖北大气环境监测中的应用实例。利用地基激光雷达并结合星载激光雷达监测一次沙尘传输过程,沙尘传输高度为500～4 000 m之间,且出现3次尘降,地面PM_(10)出现3次峰值。利用激光雷达探测大气边界层高度,颗粒物浓度受边界层高度影响,当边界层高度降到500 m以下时,PM_(2.5)浓度达到120μg/m~3,边界层高度上升到1 500 m以上时,PM_(2.5)浓度降到30μg/m~3以下。利用激光雷达水平扫描技术,对襄阳市高新区污染物的影响进行溯源,监测得出颗粒物浓度上升的主要原因为地面扬尘。利用激光雷达车载走航监测技术,监测黄冈市颗粒物空间分布特征,在不同区域监测到2处污染扩散带,分别位于工业区与生活区。
In this study,combining space-borne and ground-based lidar,a dust transmission process in Hubei was investigated by vertical scanning,horizontal scanning,and mobile platform based scanning. Dust particles mostly occured from 500 m to about 4 000 m,and were mainly contributed to high concentration of coarse particulate matter( PM_(10)) in near surface.Moreover,the concentration of particles was distinctly affected by the height of the boundary layer. The concentration of fine particulate matter concentration( PM_(2.5)) reached 120 μg/m~3 at the boundary layer height below 500 m, while the concentration of PM_(2.5) dropped below 30 μg/m~3 when the height of the boundary layer rises above 1 500 m. Using lidar horizontal scanning technology,the impact of pollutants in the high-tech zone of Xiangyang was traced. The results showed that the main reason for the increase of PM_(2.5) concentration was dust on the ground. Furthermore,we found that industrial and living areas were the most of pollution origins in Huanggang based on mobile monitoring technology to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics of particulate matter.
In this study,combining space-borne and ground-based lidar,a dust transmission process in Hubei was investigated by vertical scanning,horizontal scanning,and mobile platform based scanning. Dust particles mostly occured from 500 m to about 4 000 m,and were mainly contributed to high concentration of coarse particulate matter( PM_(10)) in near surface.Moreover,the concentration of particles was distinctly affected by the height of the boundary layer. The concentration of fine particulate matter concentration( PM_(2.5)) reached 120 μg/m~3 at the boundary layer height below 500 m, while the concentration of PM_(2.5) dropped below 30 μg/m~3 when the height of the boundary layer rises above 1 500 m. Using lidar horizontal scanning technology,the impact of pollutants in the high-tech zone of Xiangyang was traced. The results showed that the main reason for the increase of PM_(2.5) concentration was dust on the ground. Furthermore,we found that industrial and living areas were the most of pollution origins in Huanggang based on mobile monitoring technology to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics of particulate matter.
引文
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[14]包青,贺军亮,查勇,等.结合激光雷达分析2014年春季南京地区一次大气污染过程[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1 187-1 194.BAO Qing,HE Junliang,ZHA Yong,et al.Analysis of Primary Air Pollution Process in Nanjing Area in Spring 2014 with Lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1 187-1 194.
[15]伍德侠,宫正宇,潘本锋,等.颗粒物激光雷达在大气复合污染立体监测中的应用[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(5):157-162.WU Dexia,GONG Zhengyu,PAN Benfeng,et al.Application of Particle Lidar in Stereo Monitoring of Air Pollution[J].Chinese Environmental Monitoring,2015,31(5):157-162.
[16]肖铃,刘东,王英俭,等.大气探测激光雷达自动准直方法综述[J].大气与环境光学学报,2016,11(3):161-171.XIAO Ling,LIU Dong,WANG Yingjian,et al.AReview on the Methods of Automatic Collimation of Atmospheric Exploration Lidar[J].Acta Humol,2016,11(3):161-171.
[17]蒋南.激光雷达在环境监测中的应用和发展[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2005(1):15-18.JIANG Nan.Application and Development of Lidar in Environmental Monitoring[J].Journal of China Electronics Academy,2005(1):15-18.
[18]杜川利,唐晓,李星敏,等.城市边界层高度变化特征与颗粒物浓度影响分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(5):1 383-1 392.DU Chuanli,TANG Xiao,LI Xingmin,et al.Analysis on the Influence of Urban Boundary Layer Height Variation and Particulate Matter Concentration[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(5):1 383-1 392.
[19]蒋维楣.边界层气象学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1994.
[2]贺千山,毛节泰.微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展[J].气象科技,2004,32(4):219-224.HE Qianshan,MAO Jietai.Advances in Micropulse Laser Radar and Its Application[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2004,32(4):219-224.
[3]王海霞,杨帆,韩淋.激光雷达技术研究与应用国际发展态势分析[R].北京:中国科学院文献情报中心(北京)情报研究部,2012.
[4]王振亚,李海洋,周士康.激光光谱技术在环境监测中的应用专题系列(Ⅱ)差分吸收光谱技术在大气污染监测中的应用[J].物理,2001,30(11):699-703.WANG Zhenya,LI Haiyang,ZHOU Shikang.Application of Differential Absorption Spectroscopy to the Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution[J].Physics,2001,30(11):699-703.
[5]刘刚,史伟哲,尤睿.美国云和气溶胶星载激光雷达综述[J].航天器工程,2008,17(1):78-84.LIU Gang,SHI Weizhe,YOU Rui.A Review on the United States Cloud and Aerosol Satellite Laser Radar[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2008,17(1):78-84.
[6]吕国屏,廖承锐,高媛赟,等.激光雷达技术在矿山生态环境监测中的应用[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(7):577-585.LYU Guoping,LIAO Chengrui,GAO Yuanyun,et al.Application of Laser Radar Technology in Mine Ecological Environment Monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(7):577-585.
[7]赵一鸣,李艳华,商雅楠,等.激光雷达的应用及发展趋势[J].遥测遥控,2014,35(5):4-22.ZHAO Yiming,LI Yanhua,SHANG Yanan,et al.Application and Development Trend of Laser Radar[J].Telemetry and Remote Control,2014,35(5):4-22.
[8]陈士英,张平贵,卢俊平.激光雷达技术及其在大气环境监测中的应用[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2010(2):85-86.CHEN Shiying,ZHANG Pinggui,LU Junping.Lidar Radar Technology and Its Application in Atmospheric Environment Monitoring[J].Inner Mongolia Science and Technology and Economy,2010(2):85-86.
[9]杨义彬.激光雷达技术的发展及其在大气环境监测中的应用[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2005,20(6):725-727.YANG Yibin.Development of Laser Radar Technology and Its Application in Atmospheric Environment Monitoring[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,2005,20(6):725-727.
[10]华灯鑫,宋小全.先进激光雷达探测技术研究进展[J].红外与激光工程,2008(s3):26-32.HUA Dengxin,SONG Xiaoquan.Advances in the Research of Advanced Laser Radar Detection Technology[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2008(s3):26-32.
[11]尹青,何金海,张华.激光雷达在气象和大气环境监测中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(5):48-56.YIN Qing,HE Jinhai,ZHANG Hua.Application of Lidar in Meteorological and Atmospheric Environment Monitoring[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2009,25(5):48-56.
[12]黄思源,王界,全彩峰.激光雷达在大气环境监测中的应用[C]//2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集.北京:中国环境科学学会学术年会,2016.
[13]刘思含,周春艳,毛学军,等.大气气溶胶主被动遥感探测应用技术进展[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(4):131-135.LIU Sihan,ZHOU Chunyan,MAO Xuejun,et al.Application of Advanced Aerosol Passive and Passive Sensing Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental and Sustainable Development,2016,41(4):131-135.
[14]包青,贺军亮,查勇,等.结合激光雷达分析2014年春季南京地区一次大气污染过程[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1 187-1 194.BAO Qing,HE Junliang,ZHA Yong,et al.Analysis of Primary Air Pollution Process in Nanjing Area in Spring 2014 with Lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1 187-1 194.
[15]伍德侠,宫正宇,潘本锋,等.颗粒物激光雷达在大气复合污染立体监测中的应用[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(5):157-162.WU Dexia,GONG Zhengyu,PAN Benfeng,et al.Application of Particle Lidar in Stereo Monitoring of Air Pollution[J].Chinese Environmental Monitoring,2015,31(5):157-162.
[16]肖铃,刘东,王英俭,等.大气探测激光雷达自动准直方法综述[J].大气与环境光学学报,2016,11(3):161-171.XIAO Ling,LIU Dong,WANG Yingjian,et al.AReview on the Methods of Automatic Collimation of Atmospheric Exploration Lidar[J].Acta Humol,2016,11(3):161-171.
[17]蒋南.激光雷达在环境监测中的应用和发展[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2005(1):15-18.JIANG Nan.Application and Development of Lidar in Environmental Monitoring[J].Journal of China Electronics Academy,2005(1):15-18.
[18]杜川利,唐晓,李星敏,等.城市边界层高度变化特征与颗粒物浓度影响分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(5):1 383-1 392.DU Chuanli,TANG Xiao,LI Xingmin,et al.Analysis on the Influence of Urban Boundary Layer Height Variation and Particulate Matter Concentration[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(5):1 383-1 392.
[19]蒋维楣.边界层气象学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1994.
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