SOTEM多分量激电响应特性分析
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摘要
电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法(SOTEM)具有探测深度大、分辨率高、施工方便等特点,在第二深度空间(500～2000 m)金属矿勘探中发挥了重要作用.实际测量中,当遇到具有激发极化效应的岩矿石时,SOTEM观测曲线会出现畸变和负值响应(符号反转)的现象.SOTEM激电效应的研究对金属矿勘探具有重要意义,为此,本文对SOTEM多分量激电响应特性进行分析.通过基于Cole-Cole模型的SOTEM一维正演计算,分析了不同装置参数(收发距,极化体埋深)和极化参数(极化体电阻率、极化率,频率相关系数以及时间常数)对常用的E_x、H_z和dH_z/dt电磁场的影响规律,研究结果表明水平电场分量受激电效应的影响最大,垂直磁场分量和垂直磁场分量的时间导数受到的影响要小得多,研究结果将有助于指导野外实际生产.
The Short-Offset Grounded-Wire Transient Electromagnetic(SOTEM) method can realize large-depth detection easily with high resolution. It plays an important role in the exploration of deep-seated metal ores in the second depth space. In practical measurement, rocks with induced polarization effects will cause distortion and negative values in the observed SOTEM curves. In this paper, multi-component EM responses with the IP effects are analyzed. We analyze the IP effect with different device parameters(source-receiver separation, depth of the polarized body) and polarization parameters(the resistivity of polarized body, polarizability, the frequency correlation coefficient and time constant) on the E_x, H_z and dH_z/dt using the 1 D forward routine based on Cole-Cole model. It is concluded that the horizontal electric field is seriously affected while the vertical magnetic field component and its time derivative are less affected, which is a good guide to the SOTEM field work.
The Short-Offset Grounded-Wire Transient Electromagnetic(SOTEM) method can realize large-depth detection easily with high resolution. It plays an important role in the exploration of deep-seated metal ores in the second depth space. In practical measurement, rocks with induced polarization effects will cause distortion and negative values in the observed SOTEM curves. In this paper, multi-component EM responses with the IP effects are analyzed. We analyze the IP effect with different device parameters(source-receiver separation, depth of the polarized body) and polarization parameters(the resistivity of polarized body, polarizability, the frequency correlation coefficient and time constant) on the E_x, H_z and dH_z/dt using the 1 D forward routine based on Cole-Cole model. It is concluded that the horizontal electric field is seriously affected while the vertical magnetic field component and its time derivative are less affected, which is a good guide to the SOTEM field work.
引文
Bhattacharyya B K.1964.Electromagnetic fields of a small loop antenna on the surface of a polarizable medium [J].Geophysics,29(5):814-831.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K,et al.2015.Application of Short-Offset TEM (SOTEM) Technique in Mapping Water-Enriched Zones of Coal Stratum,an Example from East China [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(6):1643-1651,doi:10.1007/s00024- 014-1028-z.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K.2016.Quasi MT inversion of short-offset transient electromagnetic data [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(7):2413-2422.Doi:10.1007/s00024- 016-1274-3.
Elliott P.1991.An empirical procedure for removal of polarisation effects observed in TEM field data [J].Exploration Geophysics,22(4):575-582.
Filis M.1987.IP effects in 3-D TEM data-theory and case history [J].Exploration Geophysics,18(1-2):55-58.
Flores C,Ortega P.2009.Induced polarization with in-loop transient electromagnetic soundings_ A case study of mineral discrimination at El Arco porphyry copper,Mexico [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,68(3):423- 436,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.009.
Hoheisel A.H?rdt A,Hanstein T.2004.The influence of induced polarization on long-offset transient electromagnetic data [J].Geophysical Prospecting,52(5):417- 426,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2004.00426.x.
Hohmann G W,Paul R Kintzinger,Gerald D Van Voorhis,et al.1970.Evaluation of the measurement of induced electrical polarization with an inductive system [J].Geophysics,35(5):901-915.
Hohmann G W,Newman G A.1990.Transient electromagnetic responses of surficial,polarizable patches [J].Geophysics,55(8):1098-1100.
Lamontagne Y.1975.Application of wideband,time domain,EM measurements in mineral exploration.Thesis,Toronto:Univ.of Toranto.
Lee T,Lewis R.1974.Transient EM response of a large loop on a layered ground [J].Geophysical Prospecting,22(3):430- 444.
Lee T,Thomas L.1992.The transient electromagnetic response of a polarizable sphere in a conducting half space [J].Geophysics Prospecting,40(5):541-563.
Lee T.1975.Sign reversals in the transient method of electrical prospecting (one loop version) Geophysical Prospecting [J].Geophysical Prospecting,23(4):653-662,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1975.tb01551.x
Lee T.1981.Transient electromagnetic response of a polarizable ground [J].Geophysics,46:037-1041.
Li H,Xue G Q,Zhou N N,et al.2015.Appraisal of an array TEM method in detecting a mined-out area beneath a conductive layer [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,doi:10.1007/s00024- 015-1075- 0.
Meng Yong-Liang,Luo Yang-Zhong.1989.Calculation of hormonic electromagnetic field and modeling principles for surface-polarizable body [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),32(1):89-98.
Marchant D,Haber E,Oldenburg D.2013.Recovery of 3D IP distribution from airborne time-domain EM,ASEG Extended Abstracts.ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013(1):1- 4,doi:10.1071/ASEG2013ab217.
Morrison H F,Phillips R J,O’Brien D P.1969.Quantitative interpretation of transient electromagnetic fields over a layered half space [J].Geophysical Prospecting,17(1):82-101.
Pelton W H,Ward S H,Hallof P G,et al.1978.Mineral discrimination and removal of inductive coupling with multifrequency induced polarization [J].Geophysics,43(3):588- 609.
Raiche A P.1983.Negative transient voltage and magnetic field responses for a half-space with a Cole-Cole impedance [J].Geophysics,48(6):790-791.
Rathor B S.1977.Transient electromagnetic fields over a two-layered polarizable earth [J].Geoexploration,15:137-149.
Smith R S,West G F.1988.An explanation of abnormal TEM responses:coincident-loop negatives,and the loop effect [J].Exploration Geophysics,19(3):435- 446.
Spies B R.1975.The dual loop configuration of the transient electromagnetic method [J].Geophysics,40(6):1051-1057.
Wait J R.1989.Transient electromagnetic fields for a polarized conductive sheet [J].Exploration Geophysics,20:487- 489.
Weidelt P.1982.Response characteristics of coincident loop transient electromagnetic systems [J].Geophysics,47(9):1325-1330.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEM technique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(01):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Xue G Q,Gelius L J,Sakyi P A,et al.2014.Discovery of a hidden BIF deposit in Anhui province,China by integrated geological and geophysical investigations [J].Ore Geology Reviews,63:470- 477,doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.05.007.
XUE Guo-qiang,YU Jing-cun.2017.New development of TEM research and application in coal mine exploration [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
Yin Chang-chun,Liu Bin.1994.The research on the 3d tdem modeling and ip effect [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),37(S2):486- 492.
Yu Chuan-Tao,Liu Hong-Fu,et al.2013.The analysis on IP signals in TEM response based on SVD [J].APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (in Chinese),10(1):79-87,doi:10.1007/s11770- 013- 0366- 4.
Zhou N N,Hou D Y,Xue G Q.2018b.Effects of shadow and source overprint on grounded-wire transient electromagnetic response [J].IEEE Geoscience and remote sensing letters,15(8):1169-1173,doi:10.1109/LGRS.2018.2836152.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q.2018c.Minimum depth of investigation for grounded-wire TEM due to self-transients [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,152:203-207,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.04.004.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Chen W Y,et al.2015.Large-depth Hydrogeological Detection in the North China-type Coal Field Through Short-offset Grounded-wire TEM [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,74(3):2393-2404,doi:10.1007/s12665- 015- 4240-y.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Hou D Y,et al.2017.Short-offset grounded-wire TEM method for efficient detection of mined-out areas in vegetation-covered mountainous coalfields [J].Exploration Geophysics,48(4):374-382,doi:10.1071/EG15095.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Hou D Y,et al.2018a.An investigation of the effect of source geometry on grounded-wire TEM surveying with horizontal electric field [J].Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,23(1):143-151,doi:10.2113/JEEG23.1.143.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2016.A Comparison of Different-mode Fields Generated from Grounded-wire Source Based on the 1D Model [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(2):591- 606,doi:10.1007/s00024- 015-1088-8.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2018d.Investigation of axial electric field measurements with grounded-wire TEM surveys [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,175(1):365-373,doi:10.1007/s00024- 017-1655-2.
昌彦君,罗延钟,彭复员.2003.时间谱电阻率法中的剩余电磁效应研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),33(1):92-95,doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.2003.01.020.
昌彦君,张桂青,罗延钟.1994.瞬变电磁法中的负响应[J].国外地质勘探技术,1:5-9.
韩玉雷.2006.瞬变电磁激发极化效应的利用[J].工程地球物理学报,3(5):366-399.
刘钢.2001.瞬变电磁测量中的激发极化效应[J].西部探矿工程,13(6):33-35.
罗延钟,熊宗厚,催先文.1987.同时存在激电和电磁效应的频谱激电异常性质[J].物探与化探,11(2):106-114.
孟永良,罗延钟.1989.考虑面极化效应时谐变电磁场的计算和模拟相似准则[J].地球物理学报,32(1):89-98.
邱宁.2007.瞬变电磁信号的预处理和激电效应识别研究[硕士论文].武汉:中国地质大学.
孙鸿雁.1998.磁性源瞬变电磁测量中激电效应作用规律的探讨[J].物探与化探,22(1):49-54.
孙业发.2014.激电效应对中心回线瞬变电磁响应影响研究[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学.
王隆平,温佩琳.1998.论TEM法中的IP效应[J].中南工业大学学报,29(3):219-221.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠,等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术[J].地球物理学报,56(01):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
薛国强,于景邨.2017.瞬变电磁法在煤炭领域的研究与应用新进展[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
殷长春,刘斌.1994.瞬变电磁法三维问题正演及激电效应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,34(S2):486- 492.
余传涛,刘鸿福,张新军,等.2013.从瞬变电磁响应中提取IP信息的研究[J].应用地球物理,10(1):79-87,doi:10.1007/s11770- 013- 0366- 4.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K,et al.2015.Application of Short-Offset TEM (SOTEM) Technique in Mapping Water-Enriched Zones of Coal Stratum,an Example from East China [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(6):1643-1651,doi:10.1007/s00024- 014-1028-z.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K.2016.Quasi MT inversion of short-offset transient electromagnetic data [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(7):2413-2422.Doi:10.1007/s00024- 016-1274-3.
Elliott P.1991.An empirical procedure for removal of polarisation effects observed in TEM field data [J].Exploration Geophysics,22(4):575-582.
Filis M.1987.IP effects in 3-D TEM data-theory and case history [J].Exploration Geophysics,18(1-2):55-58.
Flores C,Ortega P.2009.Induced polarization with in-loop transient electromagnetic soundings_ A case study of mineral discrimination at El Arco porphyry copper,Mexico [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,68(3):423- 436,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.009.
Hoheisel A.H?rdt A,Hanstein T.2004.The influence of induced polarization on long-offset transient electromagnetic data [J].Geophysical Prospecting,52(5):417- 426,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2004.00426.x.
Hohmann G W,Paul R Kintzinger,Gerald D Van Voorhis,et al.1970.Evaluation of the measurement of induced electrical polarization with an inductive system [J].Geophysics,35(5):901-915.
Hohmann G W,Newman G A.1990.Transient electromagnetic responses of surficial,polarizable patches [J].Geophysics,55(8):1098-1100.
Lamontagne Y.1975.Application of wideband,time domain,EM measurements in mineral exploration.Thesis,Toronto:Univ.of Toranto.
Lee T,Lewis R.1974.Transient EM response of a large loop on a layered ground [J].Geophysical Prospecting,22(3):430- 444.
Lee T,Thomas L.1992.The transient electromagnetic response of a polarizable sphere in a conducting half space [J].Geophysics Prospecting,40(5):541-563.
Lee T.1975.Sign reversals in the transient method of electrical prospecting (one loop version) Geophysical Prospecting [J].Geophysical Prospecting,23(4):653-662,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1975.tb01551.x
Lee T.1981.Transient electromagnetic response of a polarizable ground [J].Geophysics,46:037-1041.
Li H,Xue G Q,Zhou N N,et al.2015.Appraisal of an array TEM method in detecting a mined-out area beneath a conductive layer [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,doi:10.1007/s00024- 015-1075- 0.
Meng Yong-Liang,Luo Yang-Zhong.1989.Calculation of hormonic electromagnetic field and modeling principles for surface-polarizable body [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),32(1):89-98.
Marchant D,Haber E,Oldenburg D.2013.Recovery of 3D IP distribution from airborne time-domain EM,ASEG Extended Abstracts.ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013(1):1- 4,doi:10.1071/ASEG2013ab217.
Morrison H F,Phillips R J,O’Brien D P.1969.Quantitative interpretation of transient electromagnetic fields over a layered half space [J].Geophysical Prospecting,17(1):82-101.
Pelton W H,Ward S H,Hallof P G,et al.1978.Mineral discrimination and removal of inductive coupling with multifrequency induced polarization [J].Geophysics,43(3):588- 609.
Raiche A P.1983.Negative transient voltage and magnetic field responses for a half-space with a Cole-Cole impedance [J].Geophysics,48(6):790-791.
Rathor B S.1977.Transient electromagnetic fields over a two-layered polarizable earth [J].Geoexploration,15:137-149.
Smith R S,West G F.1988.An explanation of abnormal TEM responses:coincident-loop negatives,and the loop effect [J].Exploration Geophysics,19(3):435- 446.
Spies B R.1975.The dual loop configuration of the transient electromagnetic method [J].Geophysics,40(6):1051-1057.
Wait J R.1989.Transient electromagnetic fields for a polarized conductive sheet [J].Exploration Geophysics,20:487- 489.
Weidelt P.1982.Response characteristics of coincident loop transient electromagnetic systems [J].Geophysics,47(9):1325-1330.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEM technique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(01):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Xue G Q,Gelius L J,Sakyi P A,et al.2014.Discovery of a hidden BIF deposit in Anhui province,China by integrated geological and geophysical investigations [J].Ore Geology Reviews,63:470- 477,doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.05.007.
XUE Guo-qiang,YU Jing-cun.2017.New development of TEM research and application in coal mine exploration [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
Yin Chang-chun,Liu Bin.1994.The research on the 3d tdem modeling and ip effect [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),37(S2):486- 492.
Yu Chuan-Tao,Liu Hong-Fu,et al.2013.The analysis on IP signals in TEM response based on SVD [J].APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (in Chinese),10(1):79-87,doi:10.1007/s11770- 013- 0366- 4.
Zhou N N,Hou D Y,Xue G Q.2018b.Effects of shadow and source overprint on grounded-wire transient electromagnetic response [J].IEEE Geoscience and remote sensing letters,15(8):1169-1173,doi:10.1109/LGRS.2018.2836152.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q.2018c.Minimum depth of investigation for grounded-wire TEM due to self-transients [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,152:203-207,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.04.004.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Chen W Y,et al.2015.Large-depth Hydrogeological Detection in the North China-type Coal Field Through Short-offset Grounded-wire TEM [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,74(3):2393-2404,doi:10.1007/s12665- 015- 4240-y.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Hou D Y,et al.2017.Short-offset grounded-wire TEM method for efficient detection of mined-out areas in vegetation-covered mountainous coalfields [J].Exploration Geophysics,48(4):374-382,doi:10.1071/EG15095.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Hou D Y,et al.2018a.An investigation of the effect of source geometry on grounded-wire TEM surveying with horizontal electric field [J].Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,23(1):143-151,doi:10.2113/JEEG23.1.143.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2016.A Comparison of Different-mode Fields Generated from Grounded-wire Source Based on the 1D Model [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(2):591- 606,doi:10.1007/s00024- 015-1088-8.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2018d.Investigation of axial electric field measurements with grounded-wire TEM surveys [J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,175(1):365-373,doi:10.1007/s00024- 017-1655-2.
昌彦君,罗延钟,彭复员.2003.时间谱电阻率法中的剩余电磁效应研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),33(1):92-95,doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.2003.01.020.
昌彦君,张桂青,罗延钟.1994.瞬变电磁法中的负响应[J].国外地质勘探技术,1:5-9.
韩玉雷.2006.瞬变电磁激发极化效应的利用[J].工程地球物理学报,3(5):366-399.
刘钢.2001.瞬变电磁测量中的激发极化效应[J].西部探矿工程,13(6):33-35.
罗延钟,熊宗厚,催先文.1987.同时存在激电和电磁效应的频谱激电异常性质[J].物探与化探,11(2):106-114.
孟永良,罗延钟.1989.考虑面极化效应时谐变电磁场的计算和模拟相似准则[J].地球物理学报,32(1):89-98.
邱宁.2007.瞬变电磁信号的预处理和激电效应识别研究[硕士论文].武汉:中国地质大学.
孙鸿雁.1998.磁性源瞬变电磁测量中激电效应作用规律的探讨[J].物探与化探,22(1):49-54.
孙业发.2014.激电效应对中心回线瞬变电磁响应影响研究[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学.
王隆平,温佩琳.1998.论TEM法中的IP效应[J].中南工业大学学报,29(3):219-221.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠,等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术[J].地球物理学报,56(01):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
薛国强,于景邨.2017.瞬变电磁法在煤炭领域的研究与应用新进展[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
殷长春,刘斌.1994.瞬变电磁法三维问题正演及激电效应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,34(S2):486- 492.
余传涛,刘鸿福,张新军,等.2013.从瞬变电磁响应中提取IP信息的研究[J].应用地球物理,10(1):79-87,doi:10.1007/s11770- 013- 0366- 4.
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