我国国家公园立法存在的问题与管理思路
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摘要
国家公园立法是《建立国家公园体制总体方案》确定的重点任务,第十三届全国人民代表大会把《国家公园法》列为二类立法规划。我国于2018年正式启动了国家公园立法工作,目前已取得初步进展。分析了我国国家公园立法的重要意义及国内外国家公园立法情况,指出我国国家公园立法主要面临相关研究不够深入、国家公园立法和自然保护地立法的关系需要明确、社会参与不足等问题。结合国家公园立法工作现状,提出要树立整体性思维。深入开展调查研究。及时组织开展国家公园体制试点评估总结。按照法定权限和程序建立立法工作机制等建议。指出《国家公园法》及一系列政策制度是我国国家公园体制试点工作的主要任务和重要成果之一,将全力保障我国国家公园建设和管理顺利实施。我国国家公园立法条件具备,应当快速推动,争取在2020年国家公园体制试点结束后尽快出台《国家公园法》,真正实现国家公园的统一规范高效管理。
Legislation is the key mission in the Master Plan of Establishing National Park System. The13 th National People's Congress categorized the National Park Law as a second class of legislation plan.In 2018, China officially launched the legislation of national parks, and has made a preliminary progress.This paper analyses the significance of national park legislation in China and the situation of national park legislation at home and abroad. The results show that China's national park legislation is faced with such problems as the lack of in-depth research, the need to clarify the relationship between national park legislation and the legislation of natural protected areas, and the lack of social participation. Based on the current situation of natural park legislation, this paper puts forward some suggestions for speeding up process of law making, including setting up integrated thinking, carrying out in-depth investigation and research, timely pilot work evaluation and establishing a legislative working mechanism in accordance with statutory authority and procedures. This paper holds that the National Park Law and a series of policies and systems are one of the main tasks and important achievements of the pilot work of the national park system, which will guarantee the construction and national park management on the right track.China's conditions of national park legislation have been reached, and the country should quickly promote and strive to issue the legislation as soon as possible after the end of the national park system pilot in 2020,in order to truly realize the unified, standardized and efficient management of national parks.
Legislation is the key mission in the Master Plan of Establishing National Park System. The13 th National People's Congress categorized the National Park Law as a second class of legislation plan.In 2018, China officially launched the legislation of national parks, and has made a preliminary progress.This paper analyses the significance of national park legislation in China and the situation of national park legislation at home and abroad. The results show that China's national park legislation is faced with such problems as the lack of in-depth research, the need to clarify the relationship between national park legislation and the legislation of natural protected areas, and the lack of social participation. Based on the current situation of natural park legislation, this paper puts forward some suggestions for speeding up process of law making, including setting up integrated thinking, carrying out in-depth investigation and research, timely pilot work evaluation and establishing a legislative working mechanism in accordance with statutory authority and procedures. This paper holds that the National Park Law and a series of policies and systems are one of the main tasks and important achievements of the pilot work of the national park system, which will guarantee the construction and national park management on the right track.China's conditions of national park legislation have been reached, and the country should quickly promote and strive to issue the legislation as soon as possible after the end of the national park system pilot in 2020,in order to truly realize the unified, standardized and efficient management of national parks.
引文
[1]汪劲.环境法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2014.
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[5]刘红纯.世界主要国家国家公园立法和管理启示[J].中国园林,2015,31(11):73-77.
[6]秦天宝.论我国国家公园立法的几个维度[J].环境保护, 2018,46(1):41-44.
[7]李丽娟,毕莹竹.美国国家公园管理的成功经验及其对我国的借鉴作用[J].世界林业研究, 2019,32(1):96-101.
[8]王凤春.完善法律法规,依法保障国家公园体制稳步建设[J].生物多样性, 2017,25(10):1045-1046.
[9]黄宝荣,王毅,苏利阳,等.我国国家公园体制试点的进展、问题与对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊, 2018,33(1):76-85.
[10]张振威,杨锐.中国国家公园与自然保护地立法若干问题探讨[J].中国园林, 2016,32(2):70-73.
[11]王延民.我国国家公园立法研究[D].重庆:西南政法大学, 2017.
[12]张淏洁.我国国家公园立法研究[D].兰州:甘肃政法学院, 2017.
[13]李梦雯.我国国家公园立法研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2016.
[2]杨锐.美国国家公园的立法和执法[J].中国园林, 2003(5):64-67.
[3]鲁晶晶.新西兰国家公园立法研究[J].林业经济, 2018,40(4):17-24.
[4]李博炎,李俊生,蔚东英,等.国际经验对我国国家公园立法的启示[J].环境与可持续发展, 2017,42(5):20-23.
[5]刘红纯.世界主要国家国家公园立法和管理启示[J].中国园林,2015,31(11):73-77.
[6]秦天宝.论我国国家公园立法的几个维度[J].环境保护, 2018,46(1):41-44.
[7]李丽娟,毕莹竹.美国国家公园管理的成功经验及其对我国的借鉴作用[J].世界林业研究, 2019,32(1):96-101.
[8]王凤春.完善法律法规,依法保障国家公园体制稳步建设[J].生物多样性, 2017,25(10):1045-1046.
[9]黄宝荣,王毅,苏利阳,等.我国国家公园体制试点的进展、问题与对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊, 2018,33(1):76-85.
[10]张振威,杨锐.中国国家公园与自然保护地立法若干问题探讨[J].中国园林, 2016,32(2):70-73.
[11]王延民.我国国家公园立法研究[D].重庆:西南政法大学, 2017.
[12]张淏洁.我国国家公园立法研究[D].兰州:甘肃政法学院, 2017.
[13]李梦雯.我国国家公园立法研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2016.