茬口对土壤肥力及烤烟品质的影响
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摘要
[目的]为优化凉山州会理县烟区轮作制度、烤烟的合理布局,提高会理烟叶产量及优质烟叶生产提供理论指导。[方法]在会理烟区选择玉米、油菜、白菜3种不同前茬地块种植云烟87,并对烤烟中部烟叶内含成分进行比较分析。[结果]玉米前茬的烟叶烟碱、钾含量、还原糖和总糖含量最高,糖碱比偏高,两糖比偏低;油菜前茬的烟叶还原糖和总糖含量较其他2个处理低,糖碱比相对较适宜,氮碱比略低,两糖比适宜,化学成分协调性较好;烤烟前茬的烟叶烟碱含量最高,钾含量最低,还原糖和总糖含量相对较高,糖碱比较高,氮碱比适宜,两糖比偏低。烤烟前茬处理的烟叶K、B、Fe含量均显著高于油菜前茬处理;玉米前茬处理的烟叶Mg、B、Fe含量均显著高于油菜前茬处理。[结论]前茬油菜处理的烟叶化学成分协调性较好,而B、Fe等矿质元素含量较低。
[Objective] To optimize the crop rotation system and rational distribution of flue-cured tobacco, and to improve tobacco yield and quality in Huili County of Liangshan Prefecture. [Method] Tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was planted with three previous crops(maize, rapeseed and Chinese cabbage), and chemical components in the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. [Result] The highest nicotine, potassium, reducing sugar and total sugar contents were found in tobacco leaves with maize as previous crop, and the ratio of sugar to alkali was slightly high, but the content of reducing sugar and total sugar of tobacco leaves was slightly low. The contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves were lower than those of the other two treatments, and the ratio of sugar to nicotine was comparatively suitable, but the ratio of nitrogen and nicotine was slightly low, and the ratio of two sugars was suitable, and the harmony of chemical composition was fine in tobacco leaves with rapeseed as previous crop. The tobacco leaves with tobacco as previous crop had the highest nicotine content, the lowest K content, relatively high reducing sugar and total sugar, high sugar-nicotine ratio, suitable nitrogen-nicotine ratio, and low ratio of two sugars. The contents of K, B and Fe were significantly higher in tobacco leaves with tobacco as previous crop than that with rapeseed. The contents of Mg, B and Fe were significantly higher in tobacco leaves with maize as previous crop than that with rapeseed. [Conclusion] The chemical composition of tobacco leaves with rapeseed as previous crop was better, while the mineral element contents, such as B and Fe were significantly less.
[Objective] To optimize the crop rotation system and rational distribution of flue-cured tobacco, and to improve tobacco yield and quality in Huili County of Liangshan Prefecture. [Method] Tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was planted with three previous crops(maize, rapeseed and Chinese cabbage), and chemical components in the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. [Result] The highest nicotine, potassium, reducing sugar and total sugar contents were found in tobacco leaves with maize as previous crop, and the ratio of sugar to alkali was slightly high, but the content of reducing sugar and total sugar of tobacco leaves was slightly low. The contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves were lower than those of the other two treatments, and the ratio of sugar to nicotine was comparatively suitable, but the ratio of nitrogen and nicotine was slightly low, and the ratio of two sugars was suitable, and the harmony of chemical composition was fine in tobacco leaves with rapeseed as previous crop. The tobacco leaves with tobacco as previous crop had the highest nicotine content, the lowest K content, relatively high reducing sugar and total sugar, high sugar-nicotine ratio, suitable nitrogen-nicotine ratio, and low ratio of two sugars. The contents of K, B and Fe were significantly higher in tobacco leaves with tobacco as previous crop than that with rapeseed. The contents of Mg, B and Fe were significantly higher in tobacco leaves with maize as previous crop than that with rapeseed. [Conclusion] The chemical composition of tobacco leaves with rapeseed as previous crop was better, while the mineral element contents, such as B and Fe were significantly less.
引文
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[15] 曹志洪.优质烤烟生产的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1991:17-27.
[16] 王世济,李桐,赵第锟,等.安徽烟区土壤和烟叶的中微量元素含量的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(11):2065-2066.
[17] 陈顺辉,李文卿,江荣风,等.施氮量对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(Z1):36-40.
[18] 雷丽萍,柴家荣,杨树军,等.优质香料烟的栽培调制技术[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(S1):116-120.
[2] 史宏志,王佳.美国烟草漂浮育苗技术(二)[J].作物研究,2000(3):33-34.
[3] 刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:7,85-87.
[4] 陈瑞泰.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[5] 王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990:50-183.
[6] 左天觉.烟草的生产、生理和生物化学[M].朱尊权,等译.上海:上海远东出版社,1994.
[7] 胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[8] 赵巧梅,倪纪恒,熊淑萍,等.不同土壤类型对烟叶主要化学成分的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(1):23-26.
[9] 肖协忠.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1997.
[10] 王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:149-158.
[11] MCMURTREY J R,Jr.Effect of magnesium on growth and composition of tobacco [J].Soil Sci,1947,63(1):59-68.
[12] 胡国松,曹志洪,周秀如,等.烤烟根际土壤中钾素及微素行为的研究[J].中国烟草学报,1993(1):1-11.
[13] 李贵生,陈良碧.矿质营养对烟草品质的影响[J].世界农业,2000(4):31.
[14] 韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:121-122.
[15] 曹志洪.优质烤烟生产的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1991:17-27.
[16] 王世济,李桐,赵第锟,等.安徽烟区土壤和烟叶的中微量元素含量的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(11):2065-2066.
[17] 陈顺辉,李文卿,江荣风,等.施氮量对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(Z1):36-40.
[18] 雷丽萍,柴家荣,杨树军,等.优质香料烟的栽培调制技术[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(S1):116-120.