上海城市热岛效应及风对其影响的研究
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摘要
利用上海11个区气象观测站2016年8月～2017年7月的观测资料,分析了上海城市热岛的年变化特征及日变化规律,并进一步分析了风对热岛强度及热岛分布的影响。研究发现,上海热岛强度月变化有明显的双峰现象,夏季5月与秋季10月的热岛强度最大,可达1.3℃。冬季及8～9月是热岛的最小段,在0.6℃左右,全年平均的热岛强度约为0.9℃。上海城市热岛的年平均日变化大致为白天低、夜间高的多峰结构,夜间高峰值可达1.2℃。上海风速表现为春冬大夏秋小、白天大夜间小的趋势,经拟合,发现风速与热岛强度存在很好的负相关,秋冬季的拟合误差在0.2℃左右,相关系数可达0.9。此外风向对热岛分布有很大影响,东南风可以降低热岛强度,并使热岛中心向西北方向移动,西北风使热岛强度增大,热岛中心往东南移。
The yearly variation characteristic and daily variation of Shanghai urban heat island are analyzed by using the meteorological observation data of the eleven districts of Shanghai City from August 2016 to July 2017. And further analysis is carried on to study the influence of wind on the heat island intensity and the distribution of heat island. The results showed that the monthly variation of the heat island intensity of shanghai appears obvious double peak phenomenon, the heat island intensity in May and October is high, up to 1.3 ℃. The minimum part of the heat island intensity is in winter, August and September, about 0.6 ℃. The average of annual heat island intensity is about 0.9 ℃.The annual average daily change of Shanghai urban heat island appears roughly multi-peak structure, it's high in the daytime and low during the night, the peak value can be up to 1.2 ℃ at night. Wind speed of Shanghai appears big in spring and winter, small in summer and autumn, big in daytime and small in nighttime. After fitting, we find there existing a good negative correlation between wind speed and the heat island intensity, the fitting error of autumn and winter is about 0.2 ℃ and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.9. Moreover, wind direction has a deep impact on the distribution of the urban heat island, southeast wind can reduce the heat island intensity and move the heat island centre to northwest, northwest wind can increase the heat island intensity and the heat island centre moves towards southeast.
The yearly variation characteristic and daily variation of Shanghai urban heat island are analyzed by using the meteorological observation data of the eleven districts of Shanghai City from August 2016 to July 2017. And further analysis is carried on to study the influence of wind on the heat island intensity and the distribution of heat island. The results showed that the monthly variation of the heat island intensity of shanghai appears obvious double peak phenomenon, the heat island intensity in May and October is high, up to 1.3 ℃. The minimum part of the heat island intensity is in winter, August and September, about 0.6 ℃. The average of annual heat island intensity is about 0.9 ℃.The annual average daily change of Shanghai urban heat island appears roughly multi-peak structure, it's high in the daytime and low during the night, the peak value can be up to 1.2 ℃ at night. Wind speed of Shanghai appears big in spring and winter, small in summer and autumn, big in daytime and small in nighttime. After fitting, we find there existing a good negative correlation between wind speed and the heat island intensity, the fitting error of autumn and winter is about 0.2 ℃ and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.9. Moreover, wind direction has a deep impact on the distribution of the urban heat island, southeast wind can reduce the heat island intensity and move the heat island centre to northwest, northwest wind can increase the heat island intensity and the heat island centre moves towards southeast.
引文
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