Na-K-Mg三角图修正与Na-K温标选取
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摘要
Na-K-Mg三角图作为水–岩平衡状态初步判定的方法,未考虑具体温标公式和矿物成分对平衡状态的影响,因此通过基于不同Na-K温标公式修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图判断水岩平衡状态,并利用适合的Na-K温标公式计算地下热储温度,对划分地热系统成因类型和开发利用地热资源具有重要意义。研究发现,修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图中任意一点,对某种温标公式确定的曲线处于平衡状态,对另一温标公式确定的曲线则有可能处于部分平衡状态;且温度越低,这种现象越显著。最贫Mg上边界和最富Mg下边界是由不同的温标公式确定的,随温度具有明显的分段性。利用各Na-K温标公式作出T–lg(Na/K)曲线图,绘制曲线交点对应的基于各"完全平衡曲线"的Na-K-Mg三角图,得出温标公式的选取方法,并以西藏盐井地区为例计算热储温度。
Na-K-Mg triangular diagram is a preliminary method of determining the water-rock equilibrium state. It does not specifically consider the effect of geothermometer equations and mineral compositions on the equilibrium state. Therefore, using the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram modified by different Na-K geothermometer equations to judge water-rock equilibrium state, and using the suitable Na-K geothermometer equation to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs, is of great significance to divide the genetic types of geothermal systems and develop or utilize geothermal resources. It is found that any point in the modified Na-K-Mg triangular diagram is fully equilibrated with the curve determined by one Na-K geothermometer equation and it is possibly partially equilibrated with the curve determined by the other Na-K geothermometer equation, and this phenomenon becomes obvious with the decrease of temperature. The most Mg-poor upper boundary and the most Mg-rich lower boundary are determined by different geothermometer equations. Using different Na-K geothermometer equations to draw the curve of logarithmic function of the ratio of Na to K with temperature, and drawing the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram based on all "fully equilibrated curves" corresponding to the intersection points of the curve arrives at the selection methods and Tibet Yanjing area was taken as an example to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs.
Na-K-Mg triangular diagram is a preliminary method of determining the water-rock equilibrium state. It does not specifically consider the effect of geothermometer equations and mineral compositions on the equilibrium state. Therefore, using the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram modified by different Na-K geothermometer equations to judge water-rock equilibrium state, and using the suitable Na-K geothermometer equation to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs, is of great significance to divide the genetic types of geothermal systems and develop or utilize geothermal resources. It is found that any point in the modified Na-K-Mg triangular diagram is fully equilibrated with the curve determined by one Na-K geothermometer equation and it is possibly partially equilibrated with the curve determined by the other Na-K geothermometer equation, and this phenomenon becomes obvious with the decrease of temperature. The most Mg-poor upper boundary and the most Mg-rich lower boundary are determined by different geothermometer equations. Using different Na-K geothermometer equations to draw the curve of logarithmic function of the ratio of Na to K with temperature, and drawing the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram based on all "fully equilibrated curves" corresponding to the intersection points of the curve arrives at the selection methods and Tibet Yanjing area was taken as an example to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs.
引文
[1]柳春晖.白庙温泉、赤城温泉及塘子庙温泉的水化学及同位素研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[2]汪集旸,孙占学.神奇的地热[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]孙红丽,马峰,蔺文静,等.西藏高温地热田地球化学特征及地热温标应用[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(3):171-177.SUN Hongli,MA Feng,LIN Wenjing,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geothermometer application in high temperature geothermal field in Tibet[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(3):171-177.
[4]赵明坤.地热温标的种类及其适用条件[J].中国科技博览,2009(30):120.ZHAO Mingkun.Types and applicable conditions of geothermometer[J].China Science and Technology Expo,2009(30):120.
[5]刘军强.应用地热温标估算热储温度:以嵊州崇仁热水为例[J].西部探矿工程,2014,26(5):129-132.LIU Junqiang.Application of geothermometers to estimate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs:Taking Chongren thermal water in Shengzhou as an example[J].Western Exploration Engineering,2014,26(5):129-132.
[6]汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.中低温对流地热系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[7]柴蕊.平顶山八矿地热温标的选取及热储温度估算[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,38(1):58-61.CHAI Rui.Selection of geothermometers and estimation of the temperature of geothermal reservoir in Pingdingshan eighth mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2010,38(1):58-61.
[8]吴红梅,周立岱,郭宇.阳离子温标在中低温地热中的应用研究[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2006,16(1):27-30.WU Hongmei,ZHOU Lidai,GUO Yu.Application of cation temperature scale in medium-low temperature geothermal resource[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology,2006,16(1):27-30.
[9]郑西来,刘鸿俊.地热温标中的水-岩平衡状态研究[J].西安地质学院学报,1996,18(1):74-79.ZHENG Xilai,LIU Hongjun.Study of the water-rock equilibrium state in the application of geothermometer[J].Journal of Xi’an College of Geology,1996,18(1):74-79.
[10]FOURNIER R O,庞忠和.地热化学温标:地下热水中Na-K-Mg关系的解析[J].国外地质(北京),1991(5):34-37.FOURNIER R O,PANG Zhonghe.Geothermometer:Analysis of Na-K-Mg relationship in geothermal water[J].Foreign Geology(Beijing),1991(5):34-37.
[11]GIGGENBACH W F.Geothermal solute equilibria.Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1988,52(12):2749-2765.
[12]王莹,周训,于湲,等.应用地热温标估算地下热储温度[J].现代地质,2007,21(4):605-612.WANG Ying,ZHOU Xun,YU Yuan,et al.Application of geothermometers to calcilation of temperature of geothermal reservoirs[J].Geoscience,2007,21(4):605-612.
[13]ARNORSSON S,GUNNLAUGSSON E,SVAVARSSON H.The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland 2:Mineral equilibria and independent variables controlling water compositions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(3):547-566.
[14]ARNORSSON S,GUNNLAUGSSON E,SVAVARSSON H.The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland 3:Chemical geothermometry in geothermal investigations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(3):567-577.
[15]TONANI F B.Some remarks on the application of geochemical techniques in geothermal exploration[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,1980.
[16]FOURNIER R O,SOREY M L,MARINER R H,et al.Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley,California[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1979,5(1/2):17-34.
[17]夏跃珍,王飞,姚晶娟,等.地热系统热储温度评价方法探讨[J].能源与环境,2014(2):10-11.XIA Yuezhen,WANG Fei,YAO Jingjuan,et al.Discussion on the evaluation methods of temperature of geothermal reservoirs in geothermal system[J].Energy and Environment,2014(2):10-11.
[18]王皓,柴蕊.地热温标在地热系统中的应用研究[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2009,26(3):54-58.WANG Hao,CHAI Rui.Application of geothermometer in geothermal system[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Natural Science),2009,26(3):54-58.
[2]汪集旸,孙占学.神奇的地热[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]孙红丽,马峰,蔺文静,等.西藏高温地热田地球化学特征及地热温标应用[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(3):171-177.SUN Hongli,MA Feng,LIN Wenjing,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geothermometer application in high temperature geothermal field in Tibet[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(3):171-177.
[4]赵明坤.地热温标的种类及其适用条件[J].中国科技博览,2009(30):120.ZHAO Mingkun.Types and applicable conditions of geothermometer[J].China Science and Technology Expo,2009(30):120.
[5]刘军强.应用地热温标估算热储温度:以嵊州崇仁热水为例[J].西部探矿工程,2014,26(5):129-132.LIU Junqiang.Application of geothermometers to estimate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs:Taking Chongren thermal water in Shengzhou as an example[J].Western Exploration Engineering,2014,26(5):129-132.
[6]汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.中低温对流地热系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[7]柴蕊.平顶山八矿地热温标的选取及热储温度估算[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,38(1):58-61.CHAI Rui.Selection of geothermometers and estimation of the temperature of geothermal reservoir in Pingdingshan eighth mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2010,38(1):58-61.
[8]吴红梅,周立岱,郭宇.阳离子温标在中低温地热中的应用研究[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2006,16(1):27-30.WU Hongmei,ZHOU Lidai,GUO Yu.Application of cation temperature scale in medium-low temperature geothermal resource[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology,2006,16(1):27-30.
[9]郑西来,刘鸿俊.地热温标中的水-岩平衡状态研究[J].西安地质学院学报,1996,18(1):74-79.ZHENG Xilai,LIU Hongjun.Study of the water-rock equilibrium state in the application of geothermometer[J].Journal of Xi’an College of Geology,1996,18(1):74-79.
[10]FOURNIER R O,庞忠和.地热化学温标:地下热水中Na-K-Mg关系的解析[J].国外地质(北京),1991(5):34-37.FOURNIER R O,PANG Zhonghe.Geothermometer:Analysis of Na-K-Mg relationship in geothermal water[J].Foreign Geology(Beijing),1991(5):34-37.
[11]GIGGENBACH W F.Geothermal solute equilibria.Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1988,52(12):2749-2765.
[12]王莹,周训,于湲,等.应用地热温标估算地下热储温度[J].现代地质,2007,21(4):605-612.WANG Ying,ZHOU Xun,YU Yuan,et al.Application of geothermometers to calcilation of temperature of geothermal reservoirs[J].Geoscience,2007,21(4):605-612.
[13]ARNORSSON S,GUNNLAUGSSON E,SVAVARSSON H.The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland 2:Mineral equilibria and independent variables controlling water compositions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(3):547-566.
[14]ARNORSSON S,GUNNLAUGSSON E,SVAVARSSON H.The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland 3:Chemical geothermometry in geothermal investigations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(3):567-577.
[15]TONANI F B.Some remarks on the application of geochemical techniques in geothermal exploration[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,1980.
[16]FOURNIER R O,SOREY M L,MARINER R H,et al.Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley,California[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1979,5(1/2):17-34.
[17]夏跃珍,王飞,姚晶娟,等.地热系统热储温度评价方法探讨[J].能源与环境,2014(2):10-11.XIA Yuezhen,WANG Fei,YAO Jingjuan,et al.Discussion on the evaluation methods of temperature of geothermal reservoirs in geothermal system[J].Energy and Environment,2014(2):10-11.
[18]王皓,柴蕊.地热温标在地热系统中的应用研究[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2009,26(3):54-58.WANG Hao,CHAI Rui.Application of geothermometer in geothermal system[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Natural Science),2009,26(3):54-58.