隧道掘进中掏槽孔爆破引起的地表振动波形预测
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摘要
为了研究钻爆法隧道掘进中掏槽孔爆破对地表的影响,建立了隧道工程中掏槽孔爆破引起的地表振动波形的预测方法。首先,从弹性半无限介质中球形药包爆破引起的地表振动波形理论解出发,根据实际介质的地表振动特性构造出一个适用于实际介质且更加简洁的球形药包地表振动波形函数,并用实测数据验证构造函数的正确性;然后,将隧道掘进中掏槽孔的爆破简化为单孔柱状药包的爆破来分析掏槽孔爆破引起的地表振动波形,再利用球形药包叠加法得到简化后的单孔柱状药包爆破引起的地表振动波形函数,从而得出掏槽孔爆破引起的地表振动波形;并讨论了不同围岩等级对隧道掏槽孔引起的地表振动波形的影响;最后以大坪山隧道为背景,利用现场实测数据验证了上述预测方法的正确性。
The surface vibration waveform function caused by cuthole blasting in tunneling in actual rock medium is established. Based on the spherical charge, the theoretical solution of surface vibration waveform caused by the spherical charge blasting in elastic semi-infinite medium is derived by using the Hoop point source theory, and a more concise surface vibration waveform function of the spherical charge suitable for actual medium is then, constructed according to the surface vibration characteristics of the actual medium. Secondly, the blasting of cuthole in tunneling is simplified to the blasting of single-hole cylindrical charge. Finally, the vibration waveform function of the spherical charge is superimposed to obtain the surface vibration waveform function caused by the simplified cylindrical charge blasting, thus the surface vibration waveform caused by cuthole blasting is obtained and applied to actual tunnel engineering, and the influences of different surrounding rock grades on the surface vibration waveform caused by tunnel cuthole are discussed by using the vibration velocity waveform function.The surface vibration waveform function obtained in this study provides a scheme for predicting the surface vibration waveform of tunnel excavation blasting, and has certain engineering value.
The surface vibration waveform function caused by cuthole blasting in tunneling in actual rock medium is established. Based on the spherical charge, the theoretical solution of surface vibration waveform caused by the spherical charge blasting in elastic semi-infinite medium is derived by using the Hoop point source theory, and a more concise surface vibration waveform function of the spherical charge suitable for actual medium is then, constructed according to the surface vibration characteristics of the actual medium. Secondly, the blasting of cuthole in tunneling is simplified to the blasting of single-hole cylindrical charge. Finally, the vibration waveform function of the spherical charge is superimposed to obtain the surface vibration waveform function caused by the simplified cylindrical charge blasting, thus the surface vibration waveform caused by cuthole blasting is obtained and applied to actual tunnel engineering, and the influences of different surrounding rock grades on the surface vibration waveform caused by tunnel cuthole are discussed by using the vibration velocity waveform function.The surface vibration waveform function obtained in this study provides a scheme for predicting the surface vibration waveform of tunnel excavation blasting, and has certain engineering value.
引文
[1] DE HOOP A T. Theoretical determination of the surface motion of a uniform elastic half-space produced by a dilatational, impulsive, point source[C]//La Propagation des Ebranlements dans les Milieux Hétérogènes. Marseille:Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1961(111):21–30.
[2]Е.И.舍米亚金.弹塑性理论的动力学问题[M].戚承志,译.北京:科学出版社, 2009.(SHEMYAKIN E I. Dynamic problems of elasto-plastic theory[M]. QI Cheng-zhi, tran.Beijing:Science Press, 2009.(in Chinese))
[3] STARFIELD A M, PUGLIESE J M. Compression waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges:a comparison between a computer model and field measurements[C]//International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts. Pergamon,1968:65–77.
[4]顾宏伟,赵燕明,金文.柱状药包岩石中爆炸的数值模拟[J].工程爆破, 2007, 13(1):24–27.(GU Hong-wei,ZHAO Yan-ming, JIN Wen. Numerical simula tion of explosion with cyl inder charge in rock[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2007, 13(1):24–27.(in Chinese))
[5] BLAIR D P, JIANG, J J. Surface vibrations due to a vertical column of explosive[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995, 32(2):149–154.
[6]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(22):4158–4163.(ZHANG Ji-chun, CAO Xiao-jun, ZHEN Shuang-ying, et al. Experimental study on vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(22):4158–4163.(in Chinese))
[7]高文学,颜鹏程,李志星,等.浅埋隧道爆破开挖及其振动效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 32(增刊2):4153–4157.(GAO Wen-xue, YAN Peng-cheng, LI Zhi-xing, et al.Blasting excavation and vibration effects of shallow tunnel excavation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 32(S2):4153–4157.(in Chinese))
[8]张自光,仇文革,陈瑜嘉.花岗岩地层地铁隧道爆破施工地表振动效应随埋深变化规律研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2015, 41(2):115–119.(ZHANG Zi-guang, QIU Wen-ge,CHEN Yu-jia. Study on the law of vibration effects of ground resulted from blasting construction varying with buried depth of metro tunnels in granite stratum[J]. Sichuan Building Science, 2015, 41(2):115–119.(in Chinese))
[9]张超.浅埋隧道爆破振动地表质点响应规律研究[J].公路, 2016, 61(10):246–250.(ZHANG Chao. Research on the response law of surface particle for shallow buried tunnel blasting vibration[J]. Highway, 2016, 61(10):246–250.(in Chinese))
[10]樊浩博,邱军领,谢永利,等.下穿村庄隧道爆破振动对地表建筑的影响[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 17(3):209–214.(FAN Hao-bo, QIU Jun-ling, XIE Yong-li, et al. Blast-induced ground vibration from tunnel under crossing a village[J]. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Matural Science Edition), 2016,17(3):209–214.(in Chinese))
[11]张震,周传波,路世伟,等.超浅埋地铁站通道爆破暗挖地表振动传播特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017(8):2119–2125.(ZHANG Zhen, ZHOU Chuan-bo, LU Shi-wei, et al. Propagation characteristics of ground vibration induced by subsurface blasting excavation in an ultra-shallow buried underpass[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2017(8):2119–2125.(in Chinese))
[12]王超,周传波,路世伟,等.城市暗挖隧道爆破地震波传播规律研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(6):158–162.(WANG Chao, ZHOU Chuan-bo, LU Shi-wei, et al.Propagation pattern of blasting vibration in the surrounding rock of metro tunnel[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017, 17(6):158–162.(in Chinese))
[13]王举.隧道洞中爆破振动对地表影响的数值分析[J].土工基础, 2017, 31(4):443–448.(WANG Ju. Numerical analysis of the effect of blasting in tunnel on the vibration of the ground surface[J]. Soil Engineering and Foundation, 2017,31(4):443–448.(in Chinese))
[14]费鸿禄,曾翔宇,杨智广.隧道掘进爆破振动对地表影响的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(1):77–83.(FEI Hong-lu, ZENG Xiang-yu, YANG Zhi-guang. Influence of tunnel excavation blasting vibration on earth’s surface based on wavelet packet ansysis[J]. Explosion and Waves, 2017,37(1):77–83.(in Chinese))
[15]肖文芳,李宇珅,方凯明,等.地铁隧道钻爆施工地表振动速度特征研究[J].工程爆破, 2018, 24(1):72–77.(XIAO Wen-fang, LI Yu-sheng, FANG Kai-ming, et al. Study on vibration velocity effects of ground induced by metro tunnel drilling and blasting construction[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2018, 24(1):72–77.(in Chinese))
[16]焦永斌.爆破地震安全评定标准初探[J].爆破, 1995,12(3):45–47.(JIAO Yong-bin. Preliminary study on safety assessment criteria for blasting earthquake[J]. Blasting, 1995,12(3):45–47.(in Chinese))
[17]唐春海,于亚伦,王建宙.爆破地震动安全判据的初步探讨[J].有色金属工程, 2001, 53(1):1–4.(TANG Chun-hai,YU Ya-lun, WANG Jiang-zhou. Elementary study of safety criterion for blasting vibration[J]. Nonferrous Metals, 2001,53(1):1–4.(in Chinese))
[18]傅洪贤,赵勇,谢晋水,等.隧道爆破近区爆破振动测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(2):335–340.(FU Hong-xian, ZHAO Yong, XIE Jin-shui, et al. Study of blasting vibration test of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011,30(2):335–340.(in Chinese))
[2]Е.И.舍米亚金.弹塑性理论的动力学问题[M].戚承志,译.北京:科学出版社, 2009.(SHEMYAKIN E I. Dynamic problems of elasto-plastic theory[M]. QI Cheng-zhi, tran.Beijing:Science Press, 2009.(in Chinese))
[3] STARFIELD A M, PUGLIESE J M. Compression waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges:a comparison between a computer model and field measurements[C]//International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts. Pergamon,1968:65–77.
[4]顾宏伟,赵燕明,金文.柱状药包岩石中爆炸的数值模拟[J].工程爆破, 2007, 13(1):24–27.(GU Hong-wei,ZHAO Yan-ming, JIN Wen. Numerical simula tion of explosion with cyl inder charge in rock[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2007, 13(1):24–27.(in Chinese))
[5] BLAIR D P, JIANG, J J. Surface vibrations due to a vertical column of explosive[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995, 32(2):149–154.
[6]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(22):4158–4163.(ZHANG Ji-chun, CAO Xiao-jun, ZHEN Shuang-ying, et al. Experimental study on vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(22):4158–4163.(in Chinese))
[7]高文学,颜鹏程,李志星,等.浅埋隧道爆破开挖及其振动效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 32(增刊2):4153–4157.(GAO Wen-xue, YAN Peng-cheng, LI Zhi-xing, et al.Blasting excavation and vibration effects of shallow tunnel excavation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 32(S2):4153–4157.(in Chinese))
[8]张自光,仇文革,陈瑜嘉.花岗岩地层地铁隧道爆破施工地表振动效应随埋深变化规律研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2015, 41(2):115–119.(ZHANG Zi-guang, QIU Wen-ge,CHEN Yu-jia. Study on the law of vibration effects of ground resulted from blasting construction varying with buried depth of metro tunnels in granite stratum[J]. Sichuan Building Science, 2015, 41(2):115–119.(in Chinese))
[9]张超.浅埋隧道爆破振动地表质点响应规律研究[J].公路, 2016, 61(10):246–250.(ZHANG Chao. Research on the response law of surface particle for shallow buried tunnel blasting vibration[J]. Highway, 2016, 61(10):246–250.(in Chinese))
[10]樊浩博,邱军领,谢永利,等.下穿村庄隧道爆破振动对地表建筑的影响[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 17(3):209–214.(FAN Hao-bo, QIU Jun-ling, XIE Yong-li, et al. Blast-induced ground vibration from tunnel under crossing a village[J]. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Matural Science Edition), 2016,17(3):209–214.(in Chinese))
[11]张震,周传波,路世伟,等.超浅埋地铁站通道爆破暗挖地表振动传播特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017(8):2119–2125.(ZHANG Zhen, ZHOU Chuan-bo, LU Shi-wei, et al. Propagation characteristics of ground vibration induced by subsurface blasting excavation in an ultra-shallow buried underpass[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2017(8):2119–2125.(in Chinese))
[12]王超,周传波,路世伟,等.城市暗挖隧道爆破地震波传播规律研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(6):158–162.(WANG Chao, ZHOU Chuan-bo, LU Shi-wei, et al.Propagation pattern of blasting vibration in the surrounding rock of metro tunnel[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017, 17(6):158–162.(in Chinese))
[13]王举.隧道洞中爆破振动对地表影响的数值分析[J].土工基础, 2017, 31(4):443–448.(WANG Ju. Numerical analysis of the effect of blasting in tunnel on the vibration of the ground surface[J]. Soil Engineering and Foundation, 2017,31(4):443–448.(in Chinese))
[14]费鸿禄,曾翔宇,杨智广.隧道掘进爆破振动对地表影响的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(1):77–83.(FEI Hong-lu, ZENG Xiang-yu, YANG Zhi-guang. Influence of tunnel excavation blasting vibration on earth’s surface based on wavelet packet ansysis[J]. Explosion and Waves, 2017,37(1):77–83.(in Chinese))
[15]肖文芳,李宇珅,方凯明,等.地铁隧道钻爆施工地表振动速度特征研究[J].工程爆破, 2018, 24(1):72–77.(XIAO Wen-fang, LI Yu-sheng, FANG Kai-ming, et al. Study on vibration velocity effects of ground induced by metro tunnel drilling and blasting construction[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2018, 24(1):72–77.(in Chinese))
[16]焦永斌.爆破地震安全评定标准初探[J].爆破, 1995,12(3):45–47.(JIAO Yong-bin. Preliminary study on safety assessment criteria for blasting earthquake[J]. Blasting, 1995,12(3):45–47.(in Chinese))
[17]唐春海,于亚伦,王建宙.爆破地震动安全判据的初步探讨[J].有色金属工程, 2001, 53(1):1–4.(TANG Chun-hai,YU Ya-lun, WANG Jiang-zhou. Elementary study of safety criterion for blasting vibration[J]. Nonferrous Metals, 2001,53(1):1–4.(in Chinese))
[18]傅洪贤,赵勇,谢晋水,等.隧道爆破近区爆破振动测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(2):335–340.(FU Hong-xian, ZHAO Yong, XIE Jin-shui, et al. Study of blasting vibration test of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011,30(2):335–340.(in Chinese))