堆肥过程逸散抗生素耐药菌气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征
|
摘要
利用FA-I撞击式采样器采集5家堆肥厂内外生物气溶胶样本,对具有抗生素耐药性的细菌气溶胶浓度和粒径分布进行检测,并对其随传播距离的变化规律加以分析。结果表明:堆肥生产区细菌气溶胶浓度高达2.65×10~4CFU·m~(-3)。具有四环素和红霉素耐药性的气溶胶分别达到9.54×10~3CFU·m~(-3)和7.39×10~3CFU·m~(-3),占总细菌的36.44%和40.20%。以上3种生物气溶胶在细颗粒物中的相对丰度为13.04%～37.23%,且该丰度随逸散距离的增加而呈现下降趋势。红霉素和四环素耐药菌动力学粒径研究结果显示,两种耐药菌可能主要沉降在人体的咽喉部。
In this study,an FA-I impact sampler was used to collect bioaerosols emitted from composting facilities and the surrounding environment.We detected the concentration and size distribution of antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols,and analyzed their variation with transmission distance.The results indicated that the concentration of bioaerosols in the composting area reached 2.65×10~4CFU·m~(-3).The concentrations of tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bioaerosols were 9.54×10~3CFU·m~(-3)and 7.39×10~3CFU·m~(-3),respectively.The corresponding ratio of the two antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols accounted for 36.44%and 40.20%of the total bioaerosols,respectively.This ratio decreased with the emitting distance.Based on the results of aerodynamic size,the two antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols would be deposited in the anterior nasal region in the human body.The results of this study provide reference data for evaluating the health risks and environmental pollution of bioaerosols during composting.
In this study,an FA-I impact sampler was used to collect bioaerosols emitted from composting facilities and the surrounding environment.We detected the concentration and size distribution of antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols,and analyzed their variation with transmission distance.The results indicated that the concentration of bioaerosols in the composting area reached 2.65×10~4CFU·m~(-3).The concentrations of tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bioaerosols were 9.54×10~3CFU·m~(-3)and 7.39×10~3CFU·m~(-3),respectively.The corresponding ratio of the two antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols accounted for 36.44%and 40.20%of the total bioaerosols,respectively.This ratio decreased with the emitting distance.Based on the results of aerodynamic size,the two antibiotic-resistant bioaerosols would be deposited in the anterior nasal region in the human body.The results of this study provide reference data for evaluating the health risks and environmental pollution of bioaerosols during composting.
引文
[1]彭凤姣,应光国,周丽君,等.氧四环素在典型土壤中的吸附/解吸行为及其吸附态生物有效性研究[J].地球化学,2015,44(1):71-78.PENG Feng-jiao,YING Guang-guo,ZHOU Li-jun,et al.Adsorption and desorption of oxytetracycline on typical soils and soil-adsorbed oxytetracycline′s bioavailability[J].Geochimica,2015,44(1):71-78.
[2]Arias C A,Murray B E,Murray B E.Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the21st Century:A clinical super-challenge[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2009,360(5):439-443.
[3]Zhu Y G,Johnson T A,Su J Q,et al.Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(9):3435-3440.
[4]郑嘉熹,魏源送,吴晓凤,等.猪粪堆肥过程保氮固磷及温室气体(N2O)减排研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):2047-2055.ZHENG Jia-xi,WEI Yuan-song,WU Xiao-feng,et al.Nutrients conservation of N&P and greenhouse gas reduction of N2O emission during swine manure composting[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):2047-2055.
[5]唐景春,孙青,王如刚,等.堆肥过程中腐植酸的生成演化及应用研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):73-77.TANG Jing-chun,SUN Qing,WANG Ru-gang,et al.Formation and evolution of humic acid during composting process and its application[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2010,32(5):73-77.
[6]崔东宇,何小松,席北斗,等.牛粪堆肥过程中水溶性有机物演化的光谱学研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2897-2904.CUI Dong-yu,HE Xiao-song,XI Bei-dou,et al.Spectrum analysis on the evolution of dissolved organic matter during cattle manure composting[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2897-2904.
[7]Valérie L,Benjamin N,Anne M,et al.Human pathogens and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols of swine confinement buildings and in nasal flora of hog producers[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2010,213(6):444-449.
[8]Herr C E W,Nieden A Z,Jankofsky M,et al.Effects of bioaerosol polluted outdoor air on airways of residents:A cross sectional study[J].Occupational&Environmental Medicine,2003,60(5):336-342.
[9]Fischer G,Albrecht A,J?ckel U,et al.Analysis of airborne microorganisms,MVOC and odour in the surrounding of composting facilities and implications for future investigations[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2008,211(1):132-142.
[10]Gao M,Qiu T,Sun Y,et al.The abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the atmospheric environment of composting plants[J].Environment International,2018,116:229-238.
[11]Yamamoto N,Bibby K,Qian J,et al.Particle-size distributions and seasonal diversity of allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air[J].The ISME Journal,2012,6(10):1801-1811.
[12]Gao M,Jia R,Qiu T,et al.Size-related bacterial diversity and tetracycline resistance gene abundance in the air of concentrated poultry feeding operations[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,220(Part B):1342-1348.
[13]Andersen A A.New sampler for the collectin,sizing,and enumeration of viable airborne particles[J].Journal of bacteriology,1958,76(5):471-484.
[14]Yang Q,Hao Z,Guo Y,et al.Influence of chicken manure fertilization on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil and the endophytic bacteria of pakchoi[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(7):662.
[15]Gao M,Jia R,Qiu T,et al.Seasonal size distribution of airborne culturable bacteria and fungi and preliminary estimation of their deposition in human lungs during non-haze and haze days[J].Atmospheric387Environment,2015,118:203-210.
[16]Fang Z,Ouyang Z,Zheng H.Concentration and size distribution of culturable airborne microorganisms in outdoor environments in Beijing,China[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2008,42(5):325-334.
[17]Pankhurst L J,Akeel U,Hewson C,et al.Understanding and mitigating the challenge of bioaerosol emissions from urban community composting[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(1):85-93.
[18]Nikaeen M H,Mirhendi M,Hatamzadeh E,et al.Bioaerosol emissions from composting facilities as a potential health risk for composting workers[J].Ecosystems and Development,2009,55:27-29.
[19]Kumari P,Choi H L.Seasonal variability in airborne biotic contaminants in swine confinement buildings[J].PLoS One,2014,9(11):e112897.
[20]Taha M P,Pollard S J,Sarkar U,et al.Estimating fugitive bioaerosol releases from static compost windrows:Feasibility of a portable wind tunnel approach[J].Waste Management,2005,25(4):445-450.
[21]Wéry N.Bioaerosols from composting facilities:A review[J].Frontiers in Cellular&Infection Microbiology,2014,4(4):42.
[22]Environment Agency.Health effects of composting.A study of three compost sites and review of past data[R].UK:Environment Agency,2001.
[23]Environment Agency.Composting and potential health effects from bioaerosols:Our interim guidance for permit applicants[R].UK:Environment Agency,2010.
[24]张兰河,贺雨伟,陈默,等.畜禽养殖场空气中可培养抗生素耐药菌污染特点研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4531-4537.ZHANG Lan-he,HE Yu-wei,CHEN Mo,et al.Pollution characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria from atmospheric environment of animal feeding operations[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4531-4537.
[25]Jones A M,Harrison R M.The effects of meteorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations:A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):151-180.
[26]Yang Q,Wang R,Ren S,et al.Practical survey on antibiotic-resistant bacterial communities in livestock manure and manure-amended soil[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes,2015,51(1):1-10.
[27]Xu Z,Yao M.Monitoring of bioaerosol inhalation risks in different environments using a six-stage Andersen sampler and the PCR-DGGEmethod[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(5):3993-4003.
[28]Brown G,Mohr A.Fate and transport of microorganisms in air[M]//Yates M,Nakatsu C,Miller R,et al.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,4th Edition.Washington,DC:ASM Press,2015.
[2]Arias C A,Murray B E,Murray B E.Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the21st Century:A clinical super-challenge[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2009,360(5):439-443.
[3]Zhu Y G,Johnson T A,Su J Q,et al.Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(9):3435-3440.
[4]郑嘉熹,魏源送,吴晓凤,等.猪粪堆肥过程保氮固磷及温室气体(N2O)减排研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):2047-2055.ZHENG Jia-xi,WEI Yuan-song,WU Xiao-feng,et al.Nutrients conservation of N&P and greenhouse gas reduction of N2O emission during swine manure composting[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):2047-2055.
[5]唐景春,孙青,王如刚,等.堆肥过程中腐植酸的生成演化及应用研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):73-77.TANG Jing-chun,SUN Qing,WANG Ru-gang,et al.Formation and evolution of humic acid during composting process and its application[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2010,32(5):73-77.
[6]崔东宇,何小松,席北斗,等.牛粪堆肥过程中水溶性有机物演化的光谱学研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2897-2904.CUI Dong-yu,HE Xiao-song,XI Bei-dou,et al.Spectrum analysis on the evolution of dissolved organic matter during cattle manure composting[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2897-2904.
[7]Valérie L,Benjamin N,Anne M,et al.Human pathogens and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols of swine confinement buildings and in nasal flora of hog producers[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2010,213(6):444-449.
[8]Herr C E W,Nieden A Z,Jankofsky M,et al.Effects of bioaerosol polluted outdoor air on airways of residents:A cross sectional study[J].Occupational&Environmental Medicine,2003,60(5):336-342.
[9]Fischer G,Albrecht A,J?ckel U,et al.Analysis of airborne microorganisms,MVOC and odour in the surrounding of composting facilities and implications for future investigations[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2008,211(1):132-142.
[10]Gao M,Qiu T,Sun Y,et al.The abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the atmospheric environment of composting plants[J].Environment International,2018,116:229-238.
[11]Yamamoto N,Bibby K,Qian J,et al.Particle-size distributions and seasonal diversity of allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air[J].The ISME Journal,2012,6(10):1801-1811.
[12]Gao M,Jia R,Qiu T,et al.Size-related bacterial diversity and tetracycline resistance gene abundance in the air of concentrated poultry feeding operations[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,220(Part B):1342-1348.
[13]Andersen A A.New sampler for the collectin,sizing,and enumeration of viable airborne particles[J].Journal of bacteriology,1958,76(5):471-484.
[14]Yang Q,Hao Z,Guo Y,et al.Influence of chicken manure fertilization on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil and the endophytic bacteria of pakchoi[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(7):662.
[15]Gao M,Jia R,Qiu T,et al.Seasonal size distribution of airborne culturable bacteria and fungi and preliminary estimation of their deposition in human lungs during non-haze and haze days[J].Atmospheric387Environment,2015,118:203-210.
[16]Fang Z,Ouyang Z,Zheng H.Concentration and size distribution of culturable airborne microorganisms in outdoor environments in Beijing,China[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2008,42(5):325-334.
[17]Pankhurst L J,Akeel U,Hewson C,et al.Understanding and mitigating the challenge of bioaerosol emissions from urban community composting[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(1):85-93.
[18]Nikaeen M H,Mirhendi M,Hatamzadeh E,et al.Bioaerosol emissions from composting facilities as a potential health risk for composting workers[J].Ecosystems and Development,2009,55:27-29.
[19]Kumari P,Choi H L.Seasonal variability in airborne biotic contaminants in swine confinement buildings[J].PLoS One,2014,9(11):e112897.
[20]Taha M P,Pollard S J,Sarkar U,et al.Estimating fugitive bioaerosol releases from static compost windrows:Feasibility of a portable wind tunnel approach[J].Waste Management,2005,25(4):445-450.
[21]Wéry N.Bioaerosols from composting facilities:A review[J].Frontiers in Cellular&Infection Microbiology,2014,4(4):42.
[22]Environment Agency.Health effects of composting.A study of three compost sites and review of past data[R].UK:Environment Agency,2001.
[23]Environment Agency.Composting and potential health effects from bioaerosols:Our interim guidance for permit applicants[R].UK:Environment Agency,2010.
[24]张兰河,贺雨伟,陈默,等.畜禽养殖场空气中可培养抗生素耐药菌污染特点研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4531-4537.ZHANG Lan-he,HE Yu-wei,CHEN Mo,et al.Pollution characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria from atmospheric environment of animal feeding operations[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4531-4537.
[25]Jones A M,Harrison R M.The effects of meteorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations:A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):151-180.
[26]Yang Q,Wang R,Ren S,et al.Practical survey on antibiotic-resistant bacterial communities in livestock manure and manure-amended soil[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes,2015,51(1):1-10.
[27]Xu Z,Yao M.Monitoring of bioaerosol inhalation risks in different environments using a six-stage Andersen sampler and the PCR-DGGEmethod[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(5):3993-4003.
[28]Brown G,Mohr A.Fate and transport of microorganisms in air[M]//Yates M,Nakatsu C,Miller R,et al.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,4th Edition.Washington,DC:ASM Press,2015.