重庆市6种常见园林植物功能性状对城乡生境梯度的响应
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摘要
功能性状作为联系植物、环境与生态系统的桥梁,对研究植物适应不同生境的策略意义重大。本研究以重庆主城区中华蚊母树(Distylium chinense)、鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)、檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、玉兰(Magnolia denudata)为对象,遴选植物功能性状及生物量分配指标,定量分析了其在不同城市环境下的差异性,旨在考查植物对于城市生态环境的适应策略。结果表明:除比叶面积和生物量分配比例外,其他功能性状包括营养器官和生殖器官随乡-郊-城环境梯度发生显著变化(P<0.05),表现为其数值随环境梯度显著下降;除鸡爪槭外,其余5种植物分配给繁殖器官的资源最多,分配给茎的资源最少;根据植物功能性状主成分分析,将6种植物分为3类:营养器官和生殖器官基本未受城市环境影响类,营养器官未受影响而生殖器官受损类,以及营养和生殖器官均受损类;植物功能性状综合评价显示,在森林公园中植物性状表现最好,郊区公园次之,城市公园中最差。
Plant functional trait is of great significance to examine the adaptation strategies of plant species. In this study,we measured functional traits including both vegetative and reproductive organs and biomass allocation of six common plant species in Chongqing,including Distylium chinense,Acer palmatum,Loropetalum chinense,Broussonetia papyrifera,Ginkgo biloba,and Magnolia denudate under different habitats,aiming to examine their adaptation strategies in urban environment. The results showed that the functional traits except specific leaf area and biomass allocation were significantly different( P < 0.05),with their values decreased along the rural-suburban-urban gradient. Except for Acer palmatum,all species allocated the most biomass to reproductive organs and least to stems. Based on the results of principal component analysis of functional traits,the six species could be divided into three categories. The vegetative and reproductive organs of urban-adapted group were basically unaffected by the urban environment. The vegetative organs of the semi-urban-adapted group were little affected while the reproductive organs obviously affected. Both vegetative and reproductive organs of the urban-unadapted group were severely affected. The overall evaluation on functional traits showed that the performance of plants living in forest parks near country was the best,followed by those in suburban parks,and those in urban parks the worst.
Plant functional trait is of great significance to examine the adaptation strategies of plant species. In this study,we measured functional traits including both vegetative and reproductive organs and biomass allocation of six common plant species in Chongqing,including Distylium chinense,Acer palmatum,Loropetalum chinense,Broussonetia papyrifera,Ginkgo biloba,and Magnolia denudate under different habitats,aiming to examine their adaptation strategies in urban environment. The results showed that the functional traits except specific leaf area and biomass allocation were significantly different( P < 0.05),with their values decreased along the rural-suburban-urban gradient. Except for Acer palmatum,all species allocated the most biomass to reproductive organs and least to stems. Based on the results of principal component analysis of functional traits,the six species could be divided into three categories. The vegetative and reproductive organs of urban-adapted group were basically unaffected by the urban environment. The vegetative organs of the semi-urban-adapted group were little affected while the reproductive organs obviously affected. Both vegetative and reproductive organs of the urban-unadapted group were severely affected. The overall evaluation on functional traits showed that the performance of plants living in forest parks near country was the best,followed by those in suburban parks,and those in urban parks the worst.
引文
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戴诚,康慕谊,纪文瑶,等.2012.内蒙古中部草原地下生物量与生物量分配对环境因子的响应关系.草地学报,20(2):268-274.
方伟伟,于顺利.2013.果实生态学的概念、研究现状及研究方向.生态学杂志,32(8):2238-2244.
郭炳桥,钟全林,马玉珠,等.2016.林分和气候因子对中国天然林根冠比的影响.应用与环境生物学报,22(2):326-331.
李彦连,张爱民.2012.植物营养生长与生殖生长辨证关系解析.中国园艺文摘,28(2):36-37.
刘金环,曾德慧,Lee DK.2006.科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系.生态学杂志,25(8):921-925.
王一峰,靳洁,侯宏红,等.2015.川西风毛菊花期资源分配随海拔的变化.植物生态学报,39(9):901-908.
颜韦.2017.中国典型陆地生态系统的生物量分配及其影响因素分析(博士学位论文).上海:华东师范大学.
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曾丽.2017.种子重量的生态学研究.低碳世界,(29):284-285.
张莉,温仲明,苗连朋.2013.延河流域植物功能性状变异来源分析.生态学报,33(20):6543-6552.
张林,罗天祥.2004.植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展.植物生态学报,28(6):844-852.
张茜,赵成章,董小刚,等.2015.高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小与叶大小、叶数量的关系.生态学杂志,34(1):40-46.
张茜,赵成章,马小丽,等.2013.高寒草地狼毒种群繁殖分配对海拔的响应.生态学杂志,32(2):247-252.
朱济友,于强,刘亚培,等.2018.植物功能性状及其叶经济谱对城市热环境的响应.北京林业大学学报,40(9):72-81.
Ackerly D.2004.Functional strategies of chaparral shrubs in relation to seasonal water deficit and disturbance.Ecological Monographs,74:25-44.
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Costa TL,Sampaio EVSB,Sales MF,et al.2014.Root and shoot biomasses in the tropical dry forest of semi-arid Northeast Brazil.Plant and Soil,378:113-123.
Díaz S,Cabido M.2001.Vive la différence:Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,16:646-655.
Dormont L,Delle-Vedove R,Bessière JM,et al.2014.Floral scent emitted by white and coloured morphs in orchids.Phytochemistry,100:51-59.
Gratani L,Crescente MF,Petruzzi M.2000.Relationship between leaf life-span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas(Rome).Environmental Pollution,110:19-28.
Mccarthy MC,Enquist BJ.2007.Consistency between an allometric approach and optimal partitioning theory in global patterns of plant biomass allocation.Functional Ecology,21:713-720.
Mokany Y.2010.Critical analysis of root∶shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,12:84-96.
Moles AT,Westoby M.2010.Latitude,seed predation and seed mass.Journal of Biogeography,30:105-128.
Navarro T,Oualidi JE,Taleb MS,et al.2010.Leaf patterns,leaf size and ecologically related traits in high Mediterranean mountain on the Moroccan High Atlas.Plant Ecology,210:275-290.
Osada N.2010.Crown development in a pioneer tree,Rhus trichocarpa,in relation to the structure and growth of individual branches.New Phytologist,172:667-678.
Poorter L,Mcdonald I,Alfredo Alarcon,et al.2010.The importance of wood traits and hydraulic conductance for the performance and life history strategies of 42 rainforest tree species.New Phytologist,185:481-492.
Sack L,Cowan PD,Jaikumar N,et al.2003.The‘hydrology’of leaves:Coordination of structure and function in temperate woody species.Plant,Cell&Environment,26:1343-1356.
Suding KN,Lavorel S,Iii FSC,et al.2008.Scaling environmental change through the community-level:A trait-based response-and-effect framework for plants.Global Change Biology,14:1125-1140.
Weiner J.2004.Allocation,plasticity and allometry in plants.Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution&Systematics,6:207-215.
戴诚,康慕谊,纪文瑶,等.2012.内蒙古中部草原地下生物量与生物量分配对环境因子的响应关系.草地学报,20(2):268-274.
方伟伟,于顺利.2013.果实生态学的概念、研究现状及研究方向.生态学杂志,32(8):2238-2244.
郭炳桥,钟全林,马玉珠,等.2016.林分和气候因子对中国天然林根冠比的影响.应用与环境生物学报,22(2):326-331.
李彦连,张爱民.2012.植物营养生长与生殖生长辨证关系解析.中国园艺文摘,28(2):36-37.
刘金环,曾德慧,Lee DK.2006.科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系.生态学杂志,25(8):921-925.
王一峰,靳洁,侯宏红,等.2015.川西风毛菊花期资源分配随海拔的变化.植物生态学报,39(9):901-908.
颜韦.2017.中国典型陆地生态系统的生物量分配及其影响因素分析(博士学位论文).上海:华东师范大学.
杨冬梅.2009.贡嘎山植物小枝功能性状在不同生活型和不同海拔间的比较研究(博士学位论文).成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所.
曾丽.2017.种子重量的生态学研究.低碳世界,(29):284-285.
张莉,温仲明,苗连朋.2013.延河流域植物功能性状变异来源分析.生态学报,33(20):6543-6552.
张林,罗天祥.2004.植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展.植物生态学报,28(6):844-852.
张茜,赵成章,董小刚,等.2015.高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小与叶大小、叶数量的关系.生态学杂志,34(1):40-46.
张茜,赵成章,马小丽,等.2013.高寒草地狼毒种群繁殖分配对海拔的响应.生态学杂志,32(2):247-252.
朱济友,于强,刘亚培,等.2018.植物功能性状及其叶经济谱对城市热环境的响应.北京林业大学学报,40(9):72-81.
Ackerly D.2004.Functional strategies of chaparral shrubs in relation to seasonal water deficit and disturbance.Ecological Monographs,74:25-44.
Cornelissen JHC,Lavorel S,Garnier E,et al.2003.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide.Australian Journal of Botany,51:335-380.
Costa TL,Sampaio EVSB,Sales MF,et al.2014.Root and shoot biomasses in the tropical dry forest of semi-arid Northeast Brazil.Plant and Soil,378:113-123.
Díaz S,Cabido M.2001.Vive la différence:Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,16:646-655.
Dormont L,Delle-Vedove R,Bessière JM,et al.2014.Floral scent emitted by white and coloured morphs in orchids.Phytochemistry,100:51-59.
Gratani L,Crescente MF,Petruzzi M.2000.Relationship between leaf life-span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas(Rome).Environmental Pollution,110:19-28.
Mccarthy MC,Enquist BJ.2007.Consistency between an allometric approach and optimal partitioning theory in global patterns of plant biomass allocation.Functional Ecology,21:713-720.
Mokany Y.2010.Critical analysis of root∶shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,12:84-96.
Moles AT,Westoby M.2010.Latitude,seed predation and seed mass.Journal of Biogeography,30:105-128.
Navarro T,Oualidi JE,Taleb MS,et al.2010.Leaf patterns,leaf size and ecologically related traits in high Mediterranean mountain on the Moroccan High Atlas.Plant Ecology,210:275-290.
Osada N.2010.Crown development in a pioneer tree,Rhus trichocarpa,in relation to the structure and growth of individual branches.New Phytologist,172:667-678.
Poorter L,Mcdonald I,Alfredo Alarcon,et al.2010.The importance of wood traits and hydraulic conductance for the performance and life history strategies of 42 rainforest tree species.New Phytologist,185:481-492.
Sack L,Cowan PD,Jaikumar N,et al.2003.The‘hydrology’of leaves:Coordination of structure and function in temperate woody species.Plant,Cell&Environment,26:1343-1356.
Suding KN,Lavorel S,Iii FSC,et al.2008.Scaling environmental change through the community-level:A trait-based response-and-effect framework for plants.Global Change Biology,14:1125-1140.
Weiner J.2004.Allocation,plasticity and allometry in plants.Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution&Systematics,6:207-215.