我国加入《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》的选择和建议
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摘要
我国是植物遗传资源大国,我国粮食和农业植物遗传资源的保护和利用取得了巨大成就,但还没有加入《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》(以下简称《条约》)。在过去的十余年间,《条约》的实施日渐深入,并在不同方面对我国产生了影响。当前我国粮食和农业植物遗传资源的保护和利用工作面临诸多新的挑战,加入《条约》能够使我国便利地获取多边系统中的粮食和农业植物遗传资源,能够保障我国粮食和农业植物遗传资源的可持续利用,能够使我国有资格参与多边系统中的惠益分享活动和获得《条约》供资战略的支持,能够使我国有资格参加粮食和农业植物遗传资源领域的国际谈判和规则制定活动。为了推动我国加入和实施《条约》,建议国家主管部门采取相关措施。
China is a great country in terms of plant genetic resources,and tremendous achievements have been made in conservation and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture(PGRFA).However,China has not yet acceded to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(ITPGRFA).Over the past ten years,the implementation of the ITPGRFA has been moving into more extensive level and had different impacts on China.Currently,the conservation and use of PGRFA in China is still confronting new challenges in some respects.China′s accession to the ITPGRFA could bring a lot of opportunities for China.Specifically,China would be able to have access to PGRFA in the Multilateral System conveniently and guarantee sustainable use of PGRFA at the domestic level.Moreover,accession to the ITPGRFA could enable China to be eligible to participate in the benefit-sharing activities and receive financial support under the ITPGRFA′s Funding Strategy,and in the international negotiations and norm-making in the field of PGRFA.It is recommended that national competent authority adopt relevant measures to promote China′s accession to and implement the ITPGRFA.
China is a great country in terms of plant genetic resources,and tremendous achievements have been made in conservation and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture(PGRFA).However,China has not yet acceded to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(ITPGRFA).Over the past ten years,the implementation of the ITPGRFA has been moving into more extensive level and had different impacts on China.Currently,the conservation and use of PGRFA in China is still confronting new challenges in some respects.China′s accession to the ITPGRFA could bring a lot of opportunities for China.Specifically,China would be able to have access to PGRFA in the Multilateral System conveniently and guarantee sustainable use of PGRFA at the domestic level.Moreover,accession to the ITPGRFA could enable China to be eligible to participate in the benefit-sharing activities and receive financial support under the ITPGRFA′s Funding Strategy,and in the international negotiations and norm-making in the field of PGRFA.It is recommended that national competent authority adopt relevant measures to promote China′s accession to and implement the ITPGRFA.
引文
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[12]王富有.中国作物种质资源引进与流出研究.植物遗传资源学报，2012,13(3):335-342Wang F Y.Flows of crop germplasm resources into/out of China.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2012,13(3):335-342
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[14] FAO.Report of Second Meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of the Multilateral System(IT/WG-EFMLS--2/17/7).(2014-12-11)[2019-03-10].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-be663e.pdf
[15] Palacios X F.Contribution to the estimation of countries′interdependence in the area of plant genetic resources.Background Study Paper No.7,FAO,1998:14
[16]刘旭，张延秋.中国作物种质资源保护与利用“十二五”进展.北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2016:10,34,58Liu X,Zhang Y Q.Progress on the conservation and use of crop germplasm resources during the twelfthfive-year plan in China.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2016:10,34,58
[17]黎裕，李英慧，杨庆文，张锦鹏，张金梅，邱丽娟，王天宇.基于基因组学的作物种质资源研究：现状与展望.中国农业科学，2015,48(17):3333-3353Li Y,Li Y H,Yang Q W,Zhang J P,Zhang J M,Qiu L J,Wang T Y.Genomics-based crop germplasm research:advances and perspective.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3333-3353
[18]王述民，张宗文.世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状.植物遗传资源学报，2011,12(3):325-338Wang S M,Zhang Z W.The state of the world′s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(3):325-338
[19] FAO.Opinions and advice of the Ad Hoc Technical Advisory Committee on the Multilateral System and the Standard Material Transfer Agreement.(2015-01-01)[2019-03-14].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-i4578e.pdf
[20] Zhang X Y.Access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and benefit-sharing in China:legal Framework,current practices and future developments.Review of European Community&International Environmental Law,2012,21(2):137-148
[2] Moore G,Tymowski W.Explanatory Guide to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.Gland and Cambridge:IUCN,2005:10
[3] FAO.Introduction to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.(2011-02-01)[2019-03-14].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-i2631e.pdf
[4] FAO.Repot on the Availability of Material in the Multilateral System(IT/GB-7/Inf.4).(2017-10-10)[2019-03-03].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-bs796e.pdf
[5] FAO.Report on the Implementation of the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing(IT/GB/4/11/12).(2011-01-05)[2019-03-03].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-bs203e.pdf
[6] FAO.United States adds 500000 samples of plant genetic material into Multilateral System.(2017-11-03)[2019-03-03].http：//www.fao.org/plant-treaty/news/news-detail/en/c/1054770/
[7] FAO.Implementation and Operation of the Multilateral System(IT/GB-7/9).(2017-09-20)[2019-03-03].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-Mu380e.pdf
[8] FAO.Implementation of the Global Information System(IT/GB-7/17/14).(2017-11-03)[2019-03-14].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-Mu288e.pdf
[9] FAO.The Funding Strategy of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.(2013-11-01)[2019-03-20].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-i2631e.pdf
[10]张小勇，王述民.《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》的实施进展和改革动态.植物遗传资源学报，2018,19(16):1019-1029Zhang X Y,Wang S M.The implementation progress and reform developments on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(6):1019-1029
[11]王述民，李立会，黎裕，卢新雄，杨庆文，曹永生，张宗文，高卫东，邱丽娟，万建民，刘旭.中国粮食和农业植物遗传资源状况报告（II）.植物遗传资源学报，2011,12(2):167-177Wang S M,Li L H,Li Y,Lu X X,Yang Q W,Cao Y S,Zhang Z W,Gao W D,Qiu L J,Wan J M,Liu X.Status of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in China(II).Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(2):167-177
[12]王富有.中国作物种质资源引进与流出研究.植物遗传资源学报，2012,13(3):335-342Wang F Y.Flows of crop germplasm resources into/out of China.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2012,13(3):335-342
[13] FAO.Report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of the Multilateral System(IT/GB-7/17/7).(2017-06-22)[2019-03-10].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-mt935e.pdf
[14] FAO.Report of Second Meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of the Multilateral System(IT/WG-EFMLS--2/17/7).(2014-12-11)[2019-03-10].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-be663e.pdf
[15] Palacios X F.Contribution to the estimation of countries′interdependence in the area of plant genetic resources.Background Study Paper No.7,FAO,1998:14
[16]刘旭，张延秋.中国作物种质资源保护与利用“十二五”进展.北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2016:10,34,58Liu X,Zhang Y Q.Progress on the conservation and use of crop germplasm resources during the twelfthfive-year plan in China.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2016:10,34,58
[17]黎裕，李英慧，杨庆文，张锦鹏，张金梅，邱丽娟，王天宇.基于基因组学的作物种质资源研究：现状与展望.中国农业科学，2015,48(17):3333-3353Li Y,Li Y H,Yang Q W,Zhang J P,Zhang J M,Qiu L J,Wang T Y.Genomics-based crop germplasm research:advances and perspective.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3333-3353
[18]王述民，张宗文.世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状.植物遗传资源学报，2011,12(3):325-338Wang S M,Zhang Z W.The state of the world′s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(3):325-338
[19] FAO.Opinions and advice of the Ad Hoc Technical Advisory Committee on the Multilateral System and the Standard Material Transfer Agreement.(2015-01-01)[2019-03-14].http：//www.fao.org/3/a-i4578e.pdf
[20] Zhang X Y.Access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and benefit-sharing in China:legal Framework,current practices and future developments.Review of European Community&International Environmental Law,2012,21(2):137-148