高陡采石场边坡生态修复工程设计初探及效果观测
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摘要
以三亚市抱坡岭高陡采石场边坡生态修复工程为例,对其水系疏导设计、工程施工、基材配制、植物选配、养护管理等方面进行了探讨。高陡采石场边坡生态修复工程要解决的主要问题,是在通过清坡或降坡以确保坡面稳定的前提下,合理规划治理区水系,选择和设计科学适宜的目标植物群落和植生措施,以防止施工、管养及后续植物生长、群落演替过程中的水土流失。针对高陡采石场边坡植生困难的问题,采用"挂网喷混植生+V型槽"组合植生方式,能起到良好的固坡效果且有效地保证植物全覆盖,快速重建生态景观;乔灌草藤结合的多元植物模式及合理的基材配制设计能保证植物常青,可有效减少植被退化问题。后期效果观测结果显示,三亚抱坡岭高陡采石场边坡修复工艺选择与设计是成功的,其技术成果值得推广借鉴。
This paper takes the ecological restoration project of the Bopoling quarry with high and steep slope in Sanya City as an example,and discusses its water system design,engineering construction,substrate preparation,plant selection and maintenance management. The main problems to be solved in the ecological restoration project of high-steep quarry slope is to rationally plan the water system of the treatment area,select and design scientifically suitable target plant communities and vegetative conditions on the premise of clearing slopes or descending slopes to ensure the stability of slopes. Measures to prevent soil erosion during construction,management and subsequent plant growth and community succession. In view of the difficulty in planting the slope of high-steep quarry,the combination of "hanging net spray mixed planting + V-groove"combined planting method can achieve good slope-fixing effect and effectively ensure the full coverage of plants and quickly reconstruct ecological landscape;The multi-plant model combined with the grass and vines andreasonable substrate preparation design can ensure the plants are evergreen and can effectively reduce the problem of vegetation degradation. The results of post-effect observations show that the selection and design of the repairing process of the high-steep slope of the Baopoling quarry in Sanya is successful,and its technical achievements are worthy of promotion.
This paper takes the ecological restoration project of the Bopoling quarry with high and steep slope in Sanya City as an example,and discusses its water system design,engineering construction,substrate preparation,plant selection and maintenance management. The main problems to be solved in the ecological restoration project of high-steep quarry slope is to rationally plan the water system of the treatment area,select and design scientifically suitable target plant communities and vegetative conditions on the premise of clearing slopes or descending slopes to ensure the stability of slopes. Measures to prevent soil erosion during construction,management and subsequent plant growth and community succession. In view of the difficulty in planting the slope of high-steep quarry,the combination of "hanging net spray mixed planting + V-groove"combined planting method can achieve good slope-fixing effect and effectively ensure the full coverage of plants and quickly reconstruct ecological landscape;The multi-plant model combined with the grass and vines andreasonable substrate preparation design can ensure the plants are evergreen and can effectively reduce the problem of vegetation degradation. The results of post-effect observations show that the selection and design of the repairing process of the high-steep slope of the Baopoling quarry in Sanya is successful,and its technical achievements are worthy of promotion.
引文
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[3]朱兆华,赖涛,陈晓蓉,等.受损边坡生态修复工艺选择、目标群落设计与效果评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):78-83.
[4]徐国钢,程睿,赖庆旺,等.中国南方基础工程建设中土壤生态修复技术体系与实践[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):381-389.
[5]朱兆华,赵其国,赖庆旺,等.我国南方工程边坡土壤生态修复技术创新的认知与实践[J].土壤,2017,49(4):643-650.
[6]徐国钢,赖庆旺.中国工程边坡生态修复技术与实践[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2016.
[7]徐国钢,朱兆华,赖庆旺,等.我国工程边坡生态修复几个重大技术问题的认知与实践[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(5):88-94.
[8]朱兆华,陈晓蓉,徐国钢,等.受损边坡生态修复与景观重建技术探索与实践[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(10):75-81.
[9]陈晓蓉,徐国钢,朱兆华,等.深圳地区道路边坡植物配置及群落建植技术[J].草业科学,2013,30(9):1359-1364.
[10]曹华英,朱兆华,徐国钢,等.城市高陡岩石边坡V型槽生态修复的施工技术探索[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(6):129-131.
[11]朱兆华,官昭瑛,徐国钢,等.假俭草为先锋植物在道路边坡生态修复上的应用[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):263-268.
[12]陈汉杰,刘晓鹏.小面积山坡洪水流量计算方法分析[J].广东水利水电,2010,(11):56-58,68.
[13]毛兴华.新《水土保持法》特点的分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2011(2):38-40.
[14]水利部,国家计委,国家环境保护局.开发建设项目水士保持方案管理办法[Z]. 1994.
[15]聂婷婷.公路建设项目水土流失的环境影响及水土保持方案研究[D].太原:山西大学,2013
[16]郭延辅.水土保持的发展与展望[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997.
[17]刘可星,廖宗文.平衡施肥概念的发展及其技术开发[J].磷肥与复肥,1997(6):64-65.
[18]姜德文.城市水土保持的新机遇新对策新措施[J].中国水土保持,2014(2):1-3.
[19]陈健.公路建设项目水土流失特征及防治对策[J].亚热带水土保持,2006(1):58-59.
[20]王小东,白雪峰.公路建设项目水土流失的特点及影响因素[J].黑龙江交通科技,2009(9):23.
[21]廖宗文,刘可星,王德汉,等.发展有中国特色的控释肥[J].中国农业科技导报,2001,3(4):71-75.
[22]李方敏,廖宗文,艾天成.平衡施肥理论与肥料高效利用[J].磷肥与复肥,2004,19(5):66-67.