东祁连山金露梅灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分变化
|
摘要
为科学评价灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分变化规律,采用"空间代替时间"的方法,对比分析了从1997年至2018年20年来金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分含量变化特征。结果表明,随着金露梅灌丛的逐渐恢复,灌木碳储量增加1.4～6.2倍,灌丛下草本碳储量减少0.9～1.7倍,灌丛群落碳储量增加1.1～2.0倍;0–10 cm土层容重减小,10–30 cm土层容重则呈先减后增趋势;0–30 cm丛间土壤全磷含量减小0.7%～6.0%,速效磷含量减小6.3%～28.8%,速效钾含量总体减小53.9%～61.0%,土壤有机质、速效氮含量呈先增后减趋势,全钾含量则呈先减后增趋势。丛内各层土壤有机质、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量变化趋势与丛间的变化相同。综上,随植被恢复,碳贮量增加,但部分土壤养分呈减少或先增后减趋势,故建议以放牧利用为目的草地应适度控制金露梅灌丛大尺度扩张,以环境效益为目的的草地应促进进展演替。
This study aimed to scientifically evaluate the change rule of carbon storage and soil nutrients at different habitat restoration stages. This study used a "spatial for temporal gradient" methodology, which compared changes in carbon storage and soil nutrient content at different restoration stages of Potentilla parvifolia shrubs over a period of nearly 20 years(from1997 to 2018). It provides a theoretical basis for the management of P. parvifolia. The results showed that the carbon storage of shrubs increased by 1.4 to 6.2 times, the carbon storage of the herbaceous understory decreased by 0.9 to 1.7 times, and the carbon storage of the community increased by 1.1 to 2.0 times, with restoration of P. parvifolia. The soil bulk density decreased in the top soil layer(from 0 to 10 cm), and initially decreased and then increased in the 10 to 30 cm soil layer.With the progression succession of P. parvifolia, the total phosphorus, the available phosphorus, and the available potassium content in the soil between shrubs decreased by 0.7% to 6.0%, 6.3% to 28.8%, and 53.9% to 61.0%, respectively; the organic matter and available nitrogen content increased first and then decreased, and the total potassium content first decreased and then increased in the 0 to 30 cm soil layer. The trends observed in the organic matter, total potassium, available nitrogen,available phosphorus, and available potassium content in the soil between the shrubs were same as those observed under the shrubs. To summarize, with restoration of P. parvifolia vegetation, the soil fertility either decreased or first increased and then decreased, and carbon storage increased. Therefore, it is recommended that the large-scale expansion of P. parvifolia shrubs on the grassland for grazing purpose should be controlled, while the progressive succession on the grassland should be promoted to provide environmental benefits.
This study aimed to scientifically evaluate the change rule of carbon storage and soil nutrients at different habitat restoration stages. This study used a "spatial for temporal gradient" methodology, which compared changes in carbon storage and soil nutrient content at different restoration stages of Potentilla parvifolia shrubs over a period of nearly 20 years(from1997 to 2018). It provides a theoretical basis for the management of P. parvifolia. The results showed that the carbon storage of shrubs increased by 1.4 to 6.2 times, the carbon storage of the herbaceous understory decreased by 0.9 to 1.7 times, and the carbon storage of the community increased by 1.1 to 2.0 times, with restoration of P. parvifolia. The soil bulk density decreased in the top soil layer(from 0 to 10 cm), and initially decreased and then increased in the 10 to 30 cm soil layer.With the progression succession of P. parvifolia, the total phosphorus, the available phosphorus, and the available potassium content in the soil between shrubs decreased by 0.7% to 6.0%, 6.3% to 28.8%, and 53.9% to 61.0%, respectively; the organic matter and available nitrogen content increased first and then decreased, and the total potassium content first decreased and then increased in the 0 to 30 cm soil layer. The trends observed in the organic matter, total potassium, available nitrogen,available phosphorus, and available potassium content in the soil between the shrubs were same as those observed under the shrubs. To summarize, with restoration of P. parvifolia vegetation, the soil fertility either decreased or first increased and then decreased, and carbon storage increased. Therefore, it is recommended that the large-scale expansion of P. parvifolia shrubs on the grassland for grazing purpose should be controlled, while the progressive succession on the grassland should be promoted to provide environmental benefits.
引文
[1]杨路存,李长斌,宁祎,聂秀青,徐文华,周国英.青海高寒金露梅灌丛碳密度及其分配格局.植物生态学报,2017,41(1):62-70.YANG L C,LI C B,NING W,NIE X Q,XU W H,ZHOU G Y.Carbon density and its spatial distribution in the Potentilla fruticosa dominated alpine shrub in Qinghai,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(1):62-70.
[2]DORJI T,MOE S R,KLEIN J A,TOTLAND O.Plant species richness,evenness,and composition along environmental gradients in an alpine meadow grazing ecosystem in central Tibet,China.Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,2016,212-213(46):308-326.
[3]STARR G,OBERBAUER S F,AHLQUIST L E.The photosynthetic response of Alaskan tundra plants to increased season length and soil warming.Arctic Antarctic&Alpine Research,2008,40(1):181-191.
[4]李红琴,宋成刚,张法伟,李英年.青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物固碳量的比较.植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(3):1-7.LI H Q,SONG C G,ZHANG F W,LI Y N.Comparison on fixed carbon amount of shrub and herb of Potentilla fruticosa shrub meadow in alpine region of Qinghai Province.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2014,23(3):1-7.
[5]刘旻霞.亚高寒草甸不同坡向金露梅种群的空间分布格局及空间关联.应用生态报,2017,28(6):1817-1823.LIU M X.Spatial distribution and spatial association of Potentilla fruticosa populations on different slope aspects in subalpine meadow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(6):1817-1823.
[6]于应文,胡自治,张德罡,徐长林.金露梅株丛的植物量及其空间分布的研究.甘肃农业大学学报,1999,34(3):237-242.YU Y W,HU Z Z,ZHANG D G,XU C L.Study on phytomass and its distribution of Potentilla fruticosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1999,34(3):237-242.
[7]赵串串,刘龙,杨晶晶,董旭.青海黄土丘陵区金露梅灌丛生物量的研究.广东农业科学,2013,40(5):179-182.ZHAO C C,LIU L,YANG J J,DONG X.Study on the biomass of Potentilla fruticosa forest in Qinghai loess hilly region.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,40(5):179-182.
[8]王爱东.东祁连山高寒灌丛与草甸生态系统CO2释放速率研究.兰州:甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.WANG A D.Study on the CO2 emission rate of alpine shrub and meadow ecosystem in Eastern Qilian Mountain.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009.
[9]盛海彦,张春萍,曹广民,朱广芬.放牧对祁连山高寒金露梅灌丛草甸土壤环境的影响.生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1088-1093.SHENG H Y,ZHANG C P,CAO G M,ZHU G F.Effect of grazing on soil environment of alpine meadow dominated by Potentilla froticosa shrub on Qilian Mountain.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):1088-1093.
[10]DEMALACH N,KIGEL J,VOET H,UNGAR E D.Are semiarid shrubs resilient to drought and grazing?Differences and similarities among species and habitats in a long-term study.Journal of Arid Environments,2014,102(2):1-8.
[11]宋志平.河南省尉氏县耕地地力评价.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2015.SONG Z P.Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fertility in Weishi County,Henan Province.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2015.
[12]JIAO J G,ELLIS E C,YESILONIS I,WU J X,WANG H Q,LI H X,YANG L Z.Distributions of soil phosphorus in China's densely populated village landscapes.Journal of Soils&Sediments,2010,10(3):461-472.
[13]刘文杰,陈生云,胡凤祖,莎娜.疏勒河上游土壤磷和钾的分布及其影响因素.生态学报,2012,32(17):5429-5437.LIU W J,CHEN S Y,HU F Z,SHA N.Distributions pattern of phosphorus,potassium and influencing factors in the upstream of Shule river basin.Acta Ecologicav Sinica,2012,32(17):5429-5437.
[14]干友民,李志丹,泽柏,费道平,罗光荣,王钦,王小利.川西北亚高山草地不同退化梯度草地土壤养分变化.草业学报,2005,14(2):40-44.GAN Y M,LI Z D,ZE B,FEI D P,LUO G R,WANG Q,WANG X L.The changes of grassland soil nutrition at different degradation subalpine meadow of north-west in Sichuan.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(2):40-44.
[15]杨成德,陈秀蓉,龙瑞军,徐长林,薛莉.东祁连山高寒草地返青期不同草地型土壤磷的分布特征.中国草地学报,2009,31(3):47-54.YANG C D,CHEN X R,LONG R J,XU C L,XUE L.Distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus at turning green stage in different alpine grasslands in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):47-54.
[16]鱼小军,景媛媛,段春华,徐长林,杨海磊,罗金龙,安玉峰,安晓东.围栏与不同放牧强度对东祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):252-257.YU X J,JING Y Y,DUAN C H,XU C L,YANG H L,LUO J L,AN Y F,AN X D.Influence of enclosure and grazing intensity on alpine meadow vegetation and soil characteristics in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(1):252-257.
[17]张金瑞,高甲荣,何明月,刘瑛,李晓宏.密云水库不同封育年限灌丛群落结构及演替规律.生态环境学报,2009,18(2):648-652.ZHANG J R,GAO J R,HE M Y,LIU Y,LI X H.Shrub community structure and succession rule in different closing-off years of Miyun reservoir.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(2):648-652.
[18]任继周.草业科学研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.REN J Z.Research Method of Grassland Science.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998.
[19]李其,刘琳,蔡义民,裴姝婷,罗英,刘丽霞,范慧,孙飞达,周春梅,申旭东,陈有军.川西北高寒沙化草地治理恢复过程中CO2通量变化.应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(3):441-449.LI Q,LIU L,CAI Y M,PEI S T,LUO Y,LIU L X,FAN H,SUN F D,ZHOU C M,SHEN X D,CHEN Y J.Changes in CO2 flux for different recovery processes of desertification in the alpine meadows of Northwest Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2018,24(3):441-449.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第3版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis(3rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[21]方精云,杨元合,马文红,安尼瓦尔·买买提,沈海花.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,2010,40(7):566-576.FANG J Y,YANG Y H,MA W H,Anniwaer·Maimaiti,SHEN H H.The grassland ecosystem carbon pool and its changes in China.Scientia Sinica Vitae,2010,40(7):566-576.
[22]朴世龙,方精云,黄耀.中国陆地生态系统碳收支.中国基础科学,2010,12(2):20-22.PIAO S L,FANG J Y,HUANG Y.The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China.China Basic Scienc,2010,12(2):20-22.
[23]BOND-LAMBERTY B,THOMSON A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record.Nature,2010,464:579-582.
[24]WANG C H,WANG N N,ZHU J X,LIU Y,XU X F,NIU S L,YU G R,HAN X G,HE N P.Soil gross N ammonification and nitrification from tropical to temperate forests in eastern China.Functional Ecology,2017,32(1):83-94.
[25]刘顺,杨洪国,罗达,史作民,刘千里,张利.川西亚高山不同森林类型土壤呼吸和总硝化速率的季节动态.生态学报,2019,39(2):1-10.LIU S,YANG H G,LUO D,SHI Z M,LIU Q L,ZHANG L.Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration and gross nitrification rate of different subalpine forests in western Sichuan.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(2):1-10.
[26]师广旭,耿浩林,王云龙,王玉辉,齐晓荣.克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)草原土壤呼吸及其影响因子.生态学报,2008,28(7):3408-3415.SHI G X,GENG G L,WANG Y L,WANG Y H,QI X R.Daily and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration and their environmental controlling factors in Stipa krylovii steppe.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(7):3408-3415.
[27]张平,刘贤德,张学龙,赵维俊,敬文茂,王顺利.祁连山林草复合流域灌木林水文生态功能研究.干旱区地理,2013,36(5):922-929.ZHANG P,LIU X D,ZHANG X L,ZHAO W J,JING W M,WANG S L.Shrubbery eco-hydrological effect of forest-grass catchment of Qilian Mountains.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(5):922-929.
[28]PERCIVAL H J,PARFITT R L,SCOTT N A.Factors controlling soil carbon levels in New Zealand grasslands:Is clay content important?Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1623-1630.
[29]徐艳,张凤荣,汪景宽,王秋兵,王茹.20年来我国潮土区与黑土区土壤有机质变化的对比研究.土壤通报,2004,35(2):102-105.XU Y,ZHANG F R,WANG J K,WANG Q B,WANG R.Temporal changes of soil organic matter in ustic cambisols and udic isohumosols of china in recent twenty years.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(2):102-105.
[30]胡克林,余艳,张凤荣,王茹.北京郊区土壤有机质含量的时空变异及其影响因素.中国农业科学,2006,39(4):126-133.HU K L,YU Y,ZHANG F R,WANG R.The spatial-temporal variability of soil organic matter and its influencing factors in suburban area of Beijing.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(4):126-133.
[31]陆欣.土壤肥料学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.LU X.Soil Fertilizer Science.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2002.
[32]张兴昌,邵明安.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤氮素流失规律.地理学报,2000,55(5):617-626.ZHANG X C,SHAO M A.Soil nitrogen loss by erosion as affected by vegetation cover and comprehensive managements in Zhifanggou catchment of Hilly Loess Plateau.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(5):617-626.
[33]WEIER K L.Nitrogen use and losses in agriculture in subtropical Australia.Fertilizer Research,1994,39(3):245-257.
[34]白军红,高海峰,肖蓉,王国平,黄来斌.向海湿地不同植物群落下土壤有机质和全磷的空间分布特征.农业系统科学与综合研究,2011,27(1):31-34.BAI J H,GAO H F,XIAO R,WANG G P,HUANG L B.Spatial distribution of organic matter and total phosphorous in marsh soils with different plant communities in Xianghai wetland.System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2011,27(1):31-34.
[35]刘跃建,李强,马明东.四川西北部主要森林植被类型土壤养分库比较研究.水土保持学报,2010,24(5):146-152.LIU Y J,LI Q,MA M D.Comparison of soil nutrient storage of forest vegetation type in northwest of Sichuan Province.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):146-152.
[36]周厚诚,任海,向言词,彭少麟,李萍.南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤的变化.热带地理,2001,21(2):104-107.ZHOU H C,REN H,XIANG Y C,PENG S L,LI P.The change of soil in the process of vegetation restoration in Nan’ao island,Guangdong.Tropical Geography,2001,21(2):104-107.
[37]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,余海英,吴德勇.土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量空间变异特征及其影响因子.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):114-120.PANG S,LI T X,WANG Y D,YU H Y,WU D Y.Spatial variability of soil available N,P and K and influencing factors.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(1):114-120.
[38]OSONO T,TAKEDA H.Accumulation and release of nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to lignin decomposition in leaf litter of14 tree species.Ecological Research,2010,19(6):593-602.
[39]JIAO J G,ELLIS E C,YESILONIS I,WU J X,WANG H Q,LI H X,YANG L Z.Distributions of soil phosphorus in China's densely populated village landscapes.Journal of Soils Sediments,2010,10(3):461-472.
[2]DORJI T,MOE S R,KLEIN J A,TOTLAND O.Plant species richness,evenness,and composition along environmental gradients in an alpine meadow grazing ecosystem in central Tibet,China.Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,2016,212-213(46):308-326.
[3]STARR G,OBERBAUER S F,AHLQUIST L E.The photosynthetic response of Alaskan tundra plants to increased season length and soil warming.Arctic Antarctic&Alpine Research,2008,40(1):181-191.
[4]李红琴,宋成刚,张法伟,李英年.青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物固碳量的比较.植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(3):1-7.LI H Q,SONG C G,ZHANG F W,LI Y N.Comparison on fixed carbon amount of shrub and herb of Potentilla fruticosa shrub meadow in alpine region of Qinghai Province.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2014,23(3):1-7.
[5]刘旻霞.亚高寒草甸不同坡向金露梅种群的空间分布格局及空间关联.应用生态报,2017,28(6):1817-1823.LIU M X.Spatial distribution and spatial association of Potentilla fruticosa populations on different slope aspects in subalpine meadow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(6):1817-1823.
[6]于应文,胡自治,张德罡,徐长林.金露梅株丛的植物量及其空间分布的研究.甘肃农业大学学报,1999,34(3):237-242.YU Y W,HU Z Z,ZHANG D G,XU C L.Study on phytomass and its distribution of Potentilla fruticosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1999,34(3):237-242.
[7]赵串串,刘龙,杨晶晶,董旭.青海黄土丘陵区金露梅灌丛生物量的研究.广东农业科学,2013,40(5):179-182.ZHAO C C,LIU L,YANG J J,DONG X.Study on the biomass of Potentilla fruticosa forest in Qinghai loess hilly region.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,40(5):179-182.
[8]王爱东.东祁连山高寒灌丛与草甸生态系统CO2释放速率研究.兰州:甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.WANG A D.Study on the CO2 emission rate of alpine shrub and meadow ecosystem in Eastern Qilian Mountain.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009.
[9]盛海彦,张春萍,曹广民,朱广芬.放牧对祁连山高寒金露梅灌丛草甸土壤环境的影响.生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1088-1093.SHENG H Y,ZHANG C P,CAO G M,ZHU G F.Effect of grazing on soil environment of alpine meadow dominated by Potentilla froticosa shrub on Qilian Mountain.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):1088-1093.
[10]DEMALACH N,KIGEL J,VOET H,UNGAR E D.Are semiarid shrubs resilient to drought and grazing?Differences and similarities among species and habitats in a long-term study.Journal of Arid Environments,2014,102(2):1-8.
[11]宋志平.河南省尉氏县耕地地力评价.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2015.SONG Z P.Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fertility in Weishi County,Henan Province.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2015.
[12]JIAO J G,ELLIS E C,YESILONIS I,WU J X,WANG H Q,LI H X,YANG L Z.Distributions of soil phosphorus in China's densely populated village landscapes.Journal of Soils&Sediments,2010,10(3):461-472.
[13]刘文杰,陈生云,胡凤祖,莎娜.疏勒河上游土壤磷和钾的分布及其影响因素.生态学报,2012,32(17):5429-5437.LIU W J,CHEN S Y,HU F Z,SHA N.Distributions pattern of phosphorus,potassium and influencing factors in the upstream of Shule river basin.Acta Ecologicav Sinica,2012,32(17):5429-5437.
[14]干友民,李志丹,泽柏,费道平,罗光荣,王钦,王小利.川西北亚高山草地不同退化梯度草地土壤养分变化.草业学报,2005,14(2):40-44.GAN Y M,LI Z D,ZE B,FEI D P,LUO G R,WANG Q,WANG X L.The changes of grassland soil nutrition at different degradation subalpine meadow of north-west in Sichuan.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(2):40-44.
[15]杨成德,陈秀蓉,龙瑞军,徐长林,薛莉.东祁连山高寒草地返青期不同草地型土壤磷的分布特征.中国草地学报,2009,31(3):47-54.YANG C D,CHEN X R,LONG R J,XU C L,XUE L.Distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus at turning green stage in different alpine grasslands in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):47-54.
[16]鱼小军,景媛媛,段春华,徐长林,杨海磊,罗金龙,安玉峰,安晓东.围栏与不同放牧强度对东祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):252-257.YU X J,JING Y Y,DUAN C H,XU C L,YANG H L,LUO J L,AN Y F,AN X D.Influence of enclosure and grazing intensity on alpine meadow vegetation and soil characteristics in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(1):252-257.
[17]张金瑞,高甲荣,何明月,刘瑛,李晓宏.密云水库不同封育年限灌丛群落结构及演替规律.生态环境学报,2009,18(2):648-652.ZHANG J R,GAO J R,HE M Y,LIU Y,LI X H.Shrub community structure and succession rule in different closing-off years of Miyun reservoir.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(2):648-652.
[18]任继周.草业科学研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.REN J Z.Research Method of Grassland Science.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998.
[19]李其,刘琳,蔡义民,裴姝婷,罗英,刘丽霞,范慧,孙飞达,周春梅,申旭东,陈有军.川西北高寒沙化草地治理恢复过程中CO2通量变化.应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(3):441-449.LI Q,LIU L,CAI Y M,PEI S T,LUO Y,LIU L X,FAN H,SUN F D,ZHOU C M,SHEN X D,CHEN Y J.Changes in CO2 flux for different recovery processes of desertification in the alpine meadows of Northwest Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2018,24(3):441-449.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第3版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis(3rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[21]方精云,杨元合,马文红,安尼瓦尔·买买提,沈海花.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,2010,40(7):566-576.FANG J Y,YANG Y H,MA W H,Anniwaer·Maimaiti,SHEN H H.The grassland ecosystem carbon pool and its changes in China.Scientia Sinica Vitae,2010,40(7):566-576.
[22]朴世龙,方精云,黄耀.中国陆地生态系统碳收支.中国基础科学,2010,12(2):20-22.PIAO S L,FANG J Y,HUANG Y.The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China.China Basic Scienc,2010,12(2):20-22.
[23]BOND-LAMBERTY B,THOMSON A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record.Nature,2010,464:579-582.
[24]WANG C H,WANG N N,ZHU J X,LIU Y,XU X F,NIU S L,YU G R,HAN X G,HE N P.Soil gross N ammonification and nitrification from tropical to temperate forests in eastern China.Functional Ecology,2017,32(1):83-94.
[25]刘顺,杨洪国,罗达,史作民,刘千里,张利.川西亚高山不同森林类型土壤呼吸和总硝化速率的季节动态.生态学报,2019,39(2):1-10.LIU S,YANG H G,LUO D,SHI Z M,LIU Q L,ZHANG L.Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration and gross nitrification rate of different subalpine forests in western Sichuan.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(2):1-10.
[26]师广旭,耿浩林,王云龙,王玉辉,齐晓荣.克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)草原土壤呼吸及其影响因子.生态学报,2008,28(7):3408-3415.SHI G X,GENG G L,WANG Y L,WANG Y H,QI X R.Daily and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration and their environmental controlling factors in Stipa krylovii steppe.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(7):3408-3415.
[27]张平,刘贤德,张学龙,赵维俊,敬文茂,王顺利.祁连山林草复合流域灌木林水文生态功能研究.干旱区地理,2013,36(5):922-929.ZHANG P,LIU X D,ZHANG X L,ZHAO W J,JING W M,WANG S L.Shrubbery eco-hydrological effect of forest-grass catchment of Qilian Mountains.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(5):922-929.
[28]PERCIVAL H J,PARFITT R L,SCOTT N A.Factors controlling soil carbon levels in New Zealand grasslands:Is clay content important?Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1623-1630.
[29]徐艳,张凤荣,汪景宽,王秋兵,王茹.20年来我国潮土区与黑土区土壤有机质变化的对比研究.土壤通报,2004,35(2):102-105.XU Y,ZHANG F R,WANG J K,WANG Q B,WANG R.Temporal changes of soil organic matter in ustic cambisols and udic isohumosols of china in recent twenty years.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(2):102-105.
[30]胡克林,余艳,张凤荣,王茹.北京郊区土壤有机质含量的时空变异及其影响因素.中国农业科学,2006,39(4):126-133.HU K L,YU Y,ZHANG F R,WANG R.The spatial-temporal variability of soil organic matter and its influencing factors in suburban area of Beijing.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(4):126-133.
[31]陆欣.土壤肥料学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.LU X.Soil Fertilizer Science.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2002.
[32]张兴昌,邵明安.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤氮素流失规律.地理学报,2000,55(5):617-626.ZHANG X C,SHAO M A.Soil nitrogen loss by erosion as affected by vegetation cover and comprehensive managements in Zhifanggou catchment of Hilly Loess Plateau.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(5):617-626.
[33]WEIER K L.Nitrogen use and losses in agriculture in subtropical Australia.Fertilizer Research,1994,39(3):245-257.
[34]白军红,高海峰,肖蓉,王国平,黄来斌.向海湿地不同植物群落下土壤有机质和全磷的空间分布特征.农业系统科学与综合研究,2011,27(1):31-34.BAI J H,GAO H F,XIAO R,WANG G P,HUANG L B.Spatial distribution of organic matter and total phosphorous in marsh soils with different plant communities in Xianghai wetland.System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2011,27(1):31-34.
[35]刘跃建,李强,马明东.四川西北部主要森林植被类型土壤养分库比较研究.水土保持学报,2010,24(5):146-152.LIU Y J,LI Q,MA M D.Comparison of soil nutrient storage of forest vegetation type in northwest of Sichuan Province.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):146-152.
[36]周厚诚,任海,向言词,彭少麟,李萍.南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤的变化.热带地理,2001,21(2):104-107.ZHOU H C,REN H,XIANG Y C,PENG S L,LI P.The change of soil in the process of vegetation restoration in Nan’ao island,Guangdong.Tropical Geography,2001,21(2):104-107.
[37]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,余海英,吴德勇.土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量空间变异特征及其影响因子.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):114-120.PANG S,LI T X,WANG Y D,YU H Y,WU D Y.Spatial variability of soil available N,P and K and influencing factors.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(1):114-120.
[38]OSONO T,TAKEDA H.Accumulation and release of nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to lignin decomposition in leaf litter of14 tree species.Ecological Research,2010,19(6):593-602.
[39]JIAO J G,ELLIS E C,YESILONIS I,WU J X,WANG H Q,LI H X,YANG L Z.Distributions of soil phosphorus in China's densely populated village landscapes.Journal of Soils Sediments,2010,10(3):461-472.