粮食作物规模经营对化肥使用量的影响——以安徽省11个县198户小麦种植农户为例
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摘要
粮食作物规模经营主体不仅是化肥使用量大户,也是最具可能减少化肥使用量的主体。结合规模经营效应等经济学理论及相关现象,以安徽省11个县198户粮食作物生产规模经营主体的实地调研数据为基础,系统分析经营规模、是否参加农业合作社和土地流转期限对化肥使用量的影响和作用机理,在控制户主特征、家庭经营特征对农户的化肥使用量的影响后,建立线性回归模型检验研究结果表明:经营规模的扩大有助于减少化肥使用量;参加农业合作社的农户相较于分散农户倾向于使用较少数量的化肥;土地流转期限越长,越有助于减少化肥使用量;受教育程度越高的农户越倾向于减少化肥使用量;采用测土配方施肥技术对化肥使用量有显著的负向影响。对此,相关政府管理部门应规范农村土地流转行为,鼓励粮食作物适度规模经营,加快促进农民专业合作组织建设,并推广新型农业施肥技术,以期实现农业生产和环境保护协调发展。
The entity of scale management of grain crops is not only the large fertilizer user but also the management entity which is most likely to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Based on economics theories such as the scale management effect theory and related phenomena a systematic analysis of management scale, whether the entity of management has joined the agricultural cooperative, and the effect and action mechanism of the time limit for land transfer on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used is made based on fieldwork data from 198 scale management entities of grain crops production which come from eleven Anhui counties. After controlling the characteristics of farmer households and the effect of farmer households' characteristics of scale management on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used, a linear regression model is constructed for test. The result of test shows that the expansion of business scale will help reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; farmer households participating in agricultural cooperatives tend to use less fertilizer than scattered ones; the longer the term of land circulation is, the less chemical fertilizer will be used; the more educated the farmer households are, the more inclined they are to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; and the application of soil testing and formula fertilization has a significant negative impact on the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Government administrations should standardize rural land circulation, encourage suitable scale management of grain crops, and accelerate the construction of farmers' professional cooperatives, and promote new technologies of chemical fertilizer use so as to achieve coordinated development of agricultural production and environmental protection.
The entity of scale management of grain crops is not only the large fertilizer user but also the management entity which is most likely to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Based on economics theories such as the scale management effect theory and related phenomena a systematic analysis of management scale, whether the entity of management has joined the agricultural cooperative, and the effect and action mechanism of the time limit for land transfer on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used is made based on fieldwork data from 198 scale management entities of grain crops production which come from eleven Anhui counties. After controlling the characteristics of farmer households and the effect of farmer households' characteristics of scale management on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used, a linear regression model is constructed for test. The result of test shows that the expansion of business scale will help reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; farmer households participating in agricultural cooperatives tend to use less fertilizer than scattered ones; the longer the term of land circulation is, the less chemical fertilizer will be used; the more educated the farmer households are, the more inclined they are to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; and the application of soil testing and formula fertilization has a significant negative impact on the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Government administrations should standardize rural land circulation, encourage suitable scale management of grain crops, and accelerate the construction of farmers' professional cooperatives, and promote new technologies of chemical fertilizer use so as to achieve coordinated development of agricultural production and environmental protection.
引文
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[2]张锋,胡浩.农户化肥投入行为与面源污染问题研究[J].江西农业学报,2012,(1):183-186.
[3]仇焕广,刘乐,李登旺,等.经营规模、地权稳定性与土地生产效率[J].中国农村经济,2017,(6):30-43.
[4]李宾,王婷婷,马九杰.农业规模经营对农户化肥投入水平的影响[J].农林经济管理,2017,(4):430-440.
[5]李传桐,张广现.农业面源污染背后的农户行为[J].地域研究与开发,2013,(1):143-146.
[6] ZHOU YUAN,HONG YANG,HANS-JOACHIM MOSLER,et al.Factors affecting farmers’decisions on fertilizer use:A case study for thechaobai watershed in Northern China[J].The Journal of Sustainable Development,2010,(1):80-102.
[7]李宾,马九杰,胡琼方.劳动力转移和新型农业经营模式对农户收入水平的影响差异[J].经济问题探索,2015,(1):151-158.
[8]刘婧,王征兵.农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的实证研究[J].经济经纬,2014,(4):32-35.
[9]史清华.中国农家行为研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
[10]何凌云,黄季焜.土地使用权的稳定性与肥料使用[J].中国农村观察,2001,(5):42-48.
[11]诸培新,苏敏,颜杰.转入农地经营规模及稳定性对农户化肥投入的影响[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,(4):85-94.
[12]张琴.测土配方施肥———化肥施用史上的一次革命[J].中国农资,2005,(2):47-49.
[13]马骥.农户粮食作物化肥施用量及其影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2006,(6):36-42.
[14]史常亮,朱俊峰,栾江.我国小麦化肥投入效率及其影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2015,(11):69-78.
[15]巩前文,张俊飚,李瑾.农户施肥量决策的影响因素实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2008,(10):63-68.
[16]黄祖辉.中国农民合作组织发展的若干理论与实践问题[J].中国农村经济,2008,(11):4-7.
[17]邓衡山,徐志刚,应瑞瑶,等.真正的农民专业合作社为何在中国难寻?[J].中国农村观察,2016,(4):72-83.
[18]尹晓宇.河南省种植大户化肥施用行为及影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
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