云南拉沙山滇金丝猴的种子传播
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摘要
灵长类是森林中重要的种子传播者,其行为对于森林植物的更新具有重要的生态意义。虽然大量国外科学家关注了灵长类的种子传播行为,但我国的灵长类种子传播研究依然处于起步阶段,这不利于厘清我国灵长类的种子传播行为特点。本研究以云南拉沙山为研究地,关注滇金丝猴对果实性植物的取食及其对种子的传播作用,通过在夜栖地和午休地收集粪便分析灵长类的种子传播特点。结果表明:滇金丝猴共取食9科14种果实性植物,其中蔷薇科植物相对较多,共有6种,占所有植物种类的42.86%。果实特征影响着滇金丝猴的食物选择,滇金丝猴偏好选择肉质果植物和红色果实植物,分别有12种和8种,各占总数的85.71%和57.14%。不同类型的栖息地中,滇金丝猴粪便排放的种子有所差异,75%的种子被排放至夜栖地,仅有25%被排放至午休地。在夜栖地中,大量完整的蔷薇科植物种子被滇金丝猴排放至冷杉林中,这对于某些阔叶树种子在冷杉林中更新至关重要。本研究初步证实了滇金丝猴作为种子传播者在生态系统植物更新中的重要作用。
Primate is an important seed dispersal vector in forest,which plays an important role in forest regeneration. While many foreign scientists focused on the seed dispersal behaviors of primate,the studies on primate seed dispersal behaviors were still at the primary stage in China.In this study,we observed the fruit foraging behaviors of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys( Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha and counted the intact seeds from the feces collected from the night-roosting sites and noon-sleeping sites. R. bieti consumed fruits from 14 plant species,belonging to nine families. Six out of the 14 species were from Rosaceae,with a percentage of42.86%. Fruit traits influenced fruit choice of R. bieti,who preferred fleshy fruits( 85.71%,n =12) and red fruits( 57.14%,n = 8). The distribution pattern of feces between night-roosting sites and noon-sleeping sites was different,with 75% of feces being found in the sleeping sites and25% in noon-nap sites. Most of Rosaceae seeds were found under the night-roosting sites of R.bieti in conifer forest,indicating that R. bieti could affect the regeneration of broadleaved tree species in conifer forest. Our results highlight the important role of R. bieti in seed dispersal in forest ecosystem.
Primate is an important seed dispersal vector in forest,which plays an important role in forest regeneration. While many foreign scientists focused on the seed dispersal behaviors of primate,the studies on primate seed dispersal behaviors were still at the primary stage in China.In this study,we observed the fruit foraging behaviors of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys( Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha and counted the intact seeds from the feces collected from the night-roosting sites and noon-sleeping sites. R. bieti consumed fruits from 14 plant species,belonging to nine families. Six out of the 14 species were from Rosaceae,with a percentage of42.86%. Fruit traits influenced fruit choice of R. bieti,who preferred fleshy fruits( 85.71%,n =12) and red fruits( 57.14%,n = 8). The distribution pattern of feces between night-roosting sites and noon-sleeping sites was different,with 75% of feces being found in the sleeping sites and25% in noon-nap sites. Most of Rosaceae seeds were found under the night-roosting sites of R.bieti in conifer forest,indicating that R. bieti could affect the regeneration of broadleaved tree species in conifer forest. Our results highlight the important role of R. bieti in seed dispersal in forest ecosystem.
引文
陈远,王征,向左甫.2017.灵长类动物对植物种子的传播作用.生物多样性,25(3):325-331.
范鹏飞,黄蓓,蒋学龙.2008.云南无量山黑长臂猿对植物种子的传播作用.兽类学报,28(3):232-236.
李宁,钟明,冷欣,等.2015.食果动物传播植物种子的有效性.生态学杂志,34(7):2041-2047.
任宝平,李明,魏辅文,等.2004.滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti).动物学杂志,39(5):111,104.
Albert A,McConkey K,Savini T,et al.2014.The value of disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine monkeys as seed dispersers in degraded habitats.Biological Conservation,170:300-310.
Andresen E,Arroyo-Rodríguez V,Ramos-Robles M.2018.Primate seed dispersal:Old and new challenges.International Journal of Primatology,39:443-465.
Bleisch W,Richardson M.2008.Rhinopithecus bieti.The IUCNRed List of Threatened Species 2008:e.T19597A8986243.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19597A8986243.en.Downloaded on 14 January 2019.
Chen Y,Chen H,Zhang Y,et al.2018.First evidence of epizoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)in temperate forest.Plant Ecology,219:417-427.
C8rtes MC,Uriarte M.2013.Integrating frugivory and animal movement:A review of the evidence and implications for scaling seed dispersal.Biological Reviews,88:255-272.
Herrera JM,García D.2009.The role of remnant trees in seed dispersal through the matrix:Being alone is not always so sad.Biological Conservation,142:149-158.
Hou R,He S,Wu F,et al.2018.Seasonal variation in diet and nutrition of the northern-most population of Rhinopithecus roxellana.American Journal of Primatology,80:e22755.
Howe HF,Smallwood J.1982.Ecology of seed dispersal.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,13:201-228.
Huang ZP,Cui LW,Scott MB,et al.2012.Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)at Mt.Lasha,Yunnan,China.Primates,53:237-245.
Huang ZP,Scott MB,Li YP,et al.2017.Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)feeding behavior in a degraded forest fragment:Clues to a stressed population.Primates,58:517-524.
Janzen DH.1970.Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests.American Naturalist,104:501-528.
Jordano P,Forget PM,Lambert JE,et al.2011.Frugivores and seed dispersal:Mechanisms and consequences for biodiversity of a key ecological interaction.Biology Letters,7:321-323.
Jordano P.2014.Fruits and frugivory//Gallagher RS,ed.Seeds:The ecology of regeneration of plant communities.3rd edition,Wallingford,UK CABI,18-61.
Long YC,Kirkpatrick CR,Zhong T,et al.1994.Report on the distribution,population,and ecology of the yunnan snubnosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti).Primates,35(2):241-250.
Mu1oz Lazo FJJ,Culot L,Huynen MC,et al.2011.Effect of resting patterns of tamarins(Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus mystax)on the spatial distribution of seeds and seedling recruitment.International Jounal of Primatology,32:223-237.
Puerta-Pi1ero C,Pino J,Gómez JM.2012.Direct and indirect landscape effects on Quercus ilex regeneration in heterogeneous environments.Oecologia,170:1009-1020.
Russo SE,Portnoy S,Augspurger CK.2006.Incorporating animal behavior into seed dispersal models:Implications for seed shadows.Ecology,87:3160-3174.
Schupp EW,Jordano P,Gomez JM.2010.Seed dispersal effectiveness revisited:A conceptual review.New Phytologist,188:333-353.
范鹏飞,黄蓓,蒋学龙.2008.云南无量山黑长臂猿对植物种子的传播作用.兽类学报,28(3):232-236.
李宁,钟明,冷欣,等.2015.食果动物传播植物种子的有效性.生态学杂志,34(7):2041-2047.
任宝平,李明,魏辅文,等.2004.滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti).动物学杂志,39(5):111,104.
Albert A,McConkey K,Savini T,et al.2014.The value of disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine monkeys as seed dispersers in degraded habitats.Biological Conservation,170:300-310.
Andresen E,Arroyo-Rodríguez V,Ramos-Robles M.2018.Primate seed dispersal:Old and new challenges.International Journal of Primatology,39:443-465.
Bleisch W,Richardson M.2008.Rhinopithecus bieti.The IUCNRed List of Threatened Species 2008:e.T19597A8986243.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19597A8986243.en.Downloaded on 14 January 2019.
Chen Y,Chen H,Zhang Y,et al.2018.First evidence of epizoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)in temperate forest.Plant Ecology,219:417-427.
C8rtes MC,Uriarte M.2013.Integrating frugivory and animal movement:A review of the evidence and implications for scaling seed dispersal.Biological Reviews,88:255-272.
Herrera JM,García D.2009.The role of remnant trees in seed dispersal through the matrix:Being alone is not always so sad.Biological Conservation,142:149-158.
Hou R,He S,Wu F,et al.2018.Seasonal variation in diet and nutrition of the northern-most population of Rhinopithecus roxellana.American Journal of Primatology,80:e22755.
Howe HF,Smallwood J.1982.Ecology of seed dispersal.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,13:201-228.
Huang ZP,Cui LW,Scott MB,et al.2012.Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)at Mt.Lasha,Yunnan,China.Primates,53:237-245.
Huang ZP,Scott MB,Li YP,et al.2017.Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)feeding behavior in a degraded forest fragment:Clues to a stressed population.Primates,58:517-524.
Janzen DH.1970.Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests.American Naturalist,104:501-528.
Jordano P,Forget PM,Lambert JE,et al.2011.Frugivores and seed dispersal:Mechanisms and consequences for biodiversity of a key ecological interaction.Biology Letters,7:321-323.
Jordano P.2014.Fruits and frugivory//Gallagher RS,ed.Seeds:The ecology of regeneration of plant communities.3rd edition,Wallingford,UK CABI,18-61.
Long YC,Kirkpatrick CR,Zhong T,et al.1994.Report on the distribution,population,and ecology of the yunnan snubnosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti).Primates,35(2):241-250.
Mu1oz Lazo FJJ,Culot L,Huynen MC,et al.2011.Effect of resting patterns of tamarins(Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus mystax)on the spatial distribution of seeds and seedling recruitment.International Jounal of Primatology,32:223-237.
Puerta-Pi1ero C,Pino J,Gómez JM.2012.Direct and indirect landscape effects on Quercus ilex regeneration in heterogeneous environments.Oecologia,170:1009-1020.
Russo SE,Portnoy S,Augspurger CK.2006.Incorporating animal behavior into seed dispersal models:Implications for seed shadows.Ecology,87:3160-3174.
Schupp EW,Jordano P,Gomez JM.2010.Seed dispersal effectiveness revisited:A conceptual review.New Phytologist,188:333-353.
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