石油污染含水层介质表面活性剂脱附净化效应
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摘要
通过批式振荡及溶出模拟实验研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、吐温80(TW80)及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)对石油污染含水层介质的脱附净化效果,考察了振荡时间、SDS浓度、脱附净化流程等对污染物净化效率的影响。结果表明:SDS对石油污染的脱附净化效果优于TW80及AES,适宜的振荡时间为3 h,适宜的SDS浓度为4.0 g·L~(-1);脱附净化流程实验证实,按照流程3(首先采用去离子水脱附,然后采用4.0 g·L~(-1)的SDS溶液进行脱附,最后采用去离子水脱附)进行脱附净化后,污染物溶出浓度最低,推荐流程3作为适宜的脱附净化流程。经上述推荐的实验条件处理后,含水层介质溶出模拟实验中TPH浓度降低了99%以上,接近地下水质量标准Ⅳ类限值;苯浓度降低超过了87%,低于地下水质量标准Ⅳ类限值,污染含水层环境及人体健康风险大大降低。基于SDS的脱附净化技术是一种有工程应用前景的石油污染含水层介质修复技术。
The desorption and purification effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), Tween 80(TW80) and sodium alcohol ether sulphate(AES) on petroleum-contaminated aquifer were investigated by batch test and dissolution simulation test, and the influences of oscillation time, SDS concentration and desorption process on pollutant purification efficiency were investigated. Results showed that SDS was more efficient than TW80 and AES in removing petroleum pollutants. The appropriate oscillation time and SDS concentration were 3 h and 4.0 g · L~(-1), respectively. The desorption and purification process experiment confirmed that concentration of pollutants in the dissolution was the lowest when the process 3(desorption with deionized water at first, then desorption with 4.0 g·L~(-1) SDS solution, and finally desorption with deionized water) was used for desorption and purification. So the process 3 was recommended as an appropriate desorption and purification process. After treatment with the above recommended experimental conditions, TPH concentration in simulated dissolution test of contaminated aquifer medium decreased by over 99%, which approached the requirements of the standard for groundwater quality(Ⅳ) in China. And the reduction of benzene concentration exceeded 87%, which was lower than the standard for groundwater quality(Ⅳ) in China. After desorbing and purifying, the environment and human health risks caused by the contaminated aquifer were reduced dramatically. Therefore, the desorption and purification technology based on SDS could be a promising remediation technology for petroleum contaminated aquifer medium.
The desorption and purification effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), Tween 80(TW80) and sodium alcohol ether sulphate(AES) on petroleum-contaminated aquifer were investigated by batch test and dissolution simulation test, and the influences of oscillation time, SDS concentration and desorption process on pollutant purification efficiency were investigated. Results showed that SDS was more efficient than TW80 and AES in removing petroleum pollutants. The appropriate oscillation time and SDS concentration were 3 h and 4.0 g · L~(-1), respectively. The desorption and purification process experiment confirmed that concentration of pollutants in the dissolution was the lowest when the process 3(desorption with deionized water at first, then desorption with 4.0 g·L~(-1) SDS solution, and finally desorption with deionized water) was used for desorption and purification. So the process 3 was recommended as an appropriate desorption and purification process. After treatment with the above recommended experimental conditions, TPH concentration in simulated dissolution test of contaminated aquifer medium decreased by over 99%, which approached the requirements of the standard for groundwater quality(Ⅳ) in China. And the reduction of benzene concentration exceeded 87%, which was lower than the standard for groundwater quality(Ⅳ) in China. After desorbing and purifying, the environment and human health risks caused by the contaminated aquifer were reduced dramatically. Therefore, the desorption and purification technology based on SDS could be a promising remediation technology for petroleum contaminated aquifer medium.
引文
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[2]李永霞.含水介质中石油污染物迁移与残留特征[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[3]苏小四,袁文真,宋绵,等.含水层介质对石油类污染质的吸附特征研究[J].科技导报,2012,30(24):28-32.
[4]王博.加油站石油污染修复技术研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.
[5]王业耀,孟凡生.石油烃污染地下水原位修复技术研究进展[J].化工环保,2005,25(2):117-120.
[6]杨宾.饱和多孔介质中典型DNAPLs污染物的表面活性剂强化抽出处理特征[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2013.
[7]USEPA.Superfund remedy report(fourteenth edition)[EB/OL].[2018-08-21].https://clu-in.org/download/remed/asr/14/SRR_14th_2013Nov.pdf,2013.
[8]李隋.表面活性剂强化抽取处理修复DNAPL污染含水层的实验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[9]UNDSTEN G,BACKLUND S.The isotropic oil surfactant-rich phase in systems of aromatic oils,nonionic surfactants,and water[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1995,169(2):408-413.
[10]马浩,刘元元,肖文燕,等.表面活性剂CMC对石油烃污染土壤的增溶[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(12):7333-7338.
[11]BORKOVEC M.From micelles to microemulsion droplets-size distributions,shape fluctuations,and interfacial-tensions[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1989,91(10):6268-6281.
[12]FOUNTAIN J C,KLIMEK A,BEIKIRCH M G,et al.The use of surfactants for in situ extraction of organic pollutants from a contaminated aquifer[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1991,28(3):295-311.
[13]ZHU K,HART W,YANG J T.Remediation of petroleum-contaminated loess soil by surfactant-enhanced flushing technique[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering,2005,40(10):1877-1893.
[14]MOUSSET E,OTURAN M A,VAN HULLEBUSCH E D,et al.Soil washing/flushing treatments of organic pollutants enhanced by cyclodextrins and integrated treatments:state of the art[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2014,44(7):705-795.
[15]卢媛,马小东,孙红文,等.表面活性剂清洗处理重度石油污染土壤[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(8):1483-1487.
[16]URUM K,GRIGSON S,PEKDEMIR T,et al.A comparison of the efficiency of different surfactants for removal of crude oil from contaminated soils[J].Chemosphere,2006,62(9):1403-1410.
[17]ZHAO B W,ZHU L Z,LI W,et al.Solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene in mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant solutions[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(1):33-40.
[18]AMANI H.Evaluation of biosurfactants and surfactants for crude oil contaminated sand washing[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2015,33(5):510-519.
[19]毕璐莎.表面活性剂淋洗修复石油类污染土壤实验研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016.
[20]SHI Z,CHEN J,LIU J,et al.Anionic-nonionic mixed-surfactant-enhanced remediation of PAH-contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(16):12769-12774.
[21]LOPEZ J,ITURBE R,TORRES L G.Washing of soil contaminated with PAHs and heavy petroleum fractions using two anionic and one ionic surfactant:Effect of salt addition[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering,2004,39(9):2293-2306.
[22]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.岩土工程勘察规范:GB 50021-2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[23]USEPA.Nonhalogenated organics using GC/FID[EB/OL].[2018-08-21].https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/8015d_r4.pdf,2003.
[24]USEPA.Volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS)[EB/OL].[2018-08-21].https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-04/documents/method_8260d_update_vi_final_03-13-2017_0.pdf,2018.
[25]杨娟娟,楼林洁,周文军.皂角苷对芘的增溶作用及影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(1):172-176.
[26]JING Q F,YI Z L,LIN D H,et al.Enhanced sorption of naphthalene and p-nitrophenol by nano-SiO2modified with a cationic surfactant[J].Water Research,2013,47(12):4006-4012.
[27]LU L,ZHU L Z.Effect of soil components on the surfactant-enhanced soil sorption of PAHs[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2012,12(2):161-168.
[28]毕璐莎,张焕祯,罗成成,等.表面活性剂淋洗修复石油类污染土壤的研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(S1):195-198.
[29]陈刚.表面活性剂修复石油污染土壤研究[D].济南:山东科技大学,2008.
[30]李佳斌.土壤中石油烃的芬顿氧化实验研究[D].北京:轻工业环境保护研究所,2016.