基于信息熵的乡村生产空间系统演化及其可持续发展能力
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摘要
乡村生产空间系统演化是乡村生产空间系统内部及其与外部系统间进行物质、能量和信息交换的表征或结果,这一结果的优劣是实现系统可持续发展的内生物质基础与保障。以重庆市为研究区,以2001-2015年为研究时段,基于信息熵,从支持型输入熵、压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵、还原型代谢熵四个方面构建乡村生产空间系统演化指标体系,揭示乡村生产空间系统的演变规律和可持续发展能力,探析乡村生产空间系统熵变与可持续发展能力之间协同演化过程中的相关关系,设计乡村生产空间系统优化路径。结果表明:(1)2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统熵流为0.017～-0.049,熵产生为0.204～0.059,均呈下降趋势,乡村生产空间系统的协调性和活力得以增强;总熵变为0.221～0.010,呈相同趋势,乡村生产空间系统有序度不断提高,总体上向健康水平发展。(2)2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统可持续发展能力得分为1.285～2.803,呈上升趋势,系统可持续发展态势良好,并不断向可持续方向演进。(3)可持续发展能力得分与支持型输入熵、还原型代谢熵正相关,与压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵负相关,与熵流、熵产生和总熵变负相关。
The evolution of the rural production space system is the representation or result of the exchange of material, energy and information within and out of the rural production space system. The pros and cons of this result is the endogenous material basis and guarantee which can realize the sustainable development of the system. This study sets Chongqing as the research area with a research period from 2001 to 2015 and establishes the index system of rural production space system evolution from four aspects of support-type input entropy,pressure-type output entropy, oxidation-type metabolism entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy based on information entropy. The study reveals the evolution law and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system, analyzes the relationship between entropy change and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in the process of co-evolution, and designs the optimal path for rural production space system. The results shows that:(1) From 2001 to 2015, the entropy flow of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 0.017 to-0.049 and the entropy production is from 0.204 to0.059, which shows a downward trend; and the coordination and vitality of rural production space system are enhanced. The total entropy change is from 0.221 to 0.010, showing the same trend; the degree of order in rural production space system keeps improving, and generally, it is developing towards a healthy level.(2) From 2001 to 2015, the score of sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 1.285 to 2.803,showing an upward trend. The sustainable development of the system is in a good state and is evolving towards the sustainable direction.(3) The score of sustainable development capacity is positively correlated with support-type input entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy, negatively correlated with pressure-type output entropy and oxidation-type metabolism entropy, and negatively correlated with entropy flow, entropy production and total entropy change.
The evolution of the rural production space system is the representation or result of the exchange of material, energy and information within and out of the rural production space system. The pros and cons of this result is the endogenous material basis and guarantee which can realize the sustainable development of the system. This study sets Chongqing as the research area with a research period from 2001 to 2015 and establishes the index system of rural production space system evolution from four aspects of support-type input entropy,pressure-type output entropy, oxidation-type metabolism entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy based on information entropy. The study reveals the evolution law and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system, analyzes the relationship between entropy change and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in the process of co-evolution, and designs the optimal path for rural production space system. The results shows that:(1) From 2001 to 2015, the entropy flow of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 0.017 to-0.049 and the entropy production is from 0.204 to0.059, which shows a downward trend; and the coordination and vitality of rural production space system are enhanced. The total entropy change is from 0.221 to 0.010, showing the same trend; the degree of order in rural production space system keeps improving, and generally, it is developing towards a healthy level.(2) From 2001 to 2015, the score of sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 1.285 to 2.803,showing an upward trend. The sustainable development of the system is in a good state and is evolving towards the sustainable direction.(3) The score of sustainable development capacity is positively correlated with support-type input entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy, negatively correlated with pressure-type output entropy and oxidation-type metabolism entropy, and negatively correlated with entropy flow, entropy production and total entropy change.
引文
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[13]王晓娇,陈英,齐鹏,等.土地利用结构动态演变及预测研究:以张掖市为例.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):86-91.[WANG X J,CHEN Y,QI P,et al.Dynamic evolution and prediction of land use structure in Zhangye.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(4):86-91.]
[14]肖思思,吴春笃,储金宇.1980-2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析.农业工程学报,2012,28(23):1-10.[XIAO S S,WU C D,CHU J Y.Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(23):1-10.]
[15]覃琳,邱凌,朱玉碧,等.基于主成分分析法的重庆市九龙坡区土地利用变化驱动机理研究.中国农学通报,2012,28(5):240-246.[QIN L,QIU L,ZHU Y B,et al.Research on land use change and drive mechanism of Jiulongpo districtin Chongqing based on principle components analysis.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(5):240-246.]
[16]谭永忠,吴次芳.区域土地利用结构的信息熵分异规律研究.自然资源学报,2003,18(1):112-116.[TAN Y Z,WU CF.The laws of the information entropy values of land use composition.Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(1):112-116.]
[17]耿海青,谷树忠,国冬梅.基于信息熵的城市居民家庭能源消费结构演变分析:以无锡市为例.自然资源学报,2004,19(2):257-262.[GENG H Q,GU S Z,GUO D M.Analyses on evolution of household energy consumption structure based on information entropy.Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(2):257-262.]
[18]ZHANG Y,YANG Z,LI W.Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy.Ecological Modelling,2006,197(1-2):1-12.
[19]冯健.杭州市人口密度空间分布及其演化的模型研究.地理研究,2002,21(5):635-646.[FENG J.Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population density and its evolution in Hangzhou.Geographical Research,2002,21(5):635-646.]
[20]林珍铭,夏斌.熵视角下的广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力分析.地理学报,2013,68(1):45-57.[LIN Z M,XIAB.Analysis of sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou city in the perspective of entropy.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(1):45-57.]
[21]王龙,徐刚,刘敏.基于信息熵和GM(1,1)的上海市城市生态系统演化分析与灰色预测.环境科学学报,2016,36(6):2262-2271.[WANG L,XU G,LIU M.Analysis and forecasting of shanghai urban ecosystem evolution based on information entropy and GM(1,1).Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):2262-2271.]
[22]张妍,杨志峰,何孟常,等.基于信息熵的城市生态系统演化分析.环境科学学报,2005,25(8):1127-1134.[ZHANGY,YANG Z F,HE M C,et al.Analyses on evolution of urban complex ecosystem based on information entropy.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(8):1127-1134.]
[23]张广纳,邵景安,王金亮,等.三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征.自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1197-1209.[ZHANG G N,SHAO J A,WANG J L,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1197-1209.]
[24]SHANNON C E.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[25]JOHN E C,SHI L,SAMANTHA J.Environment as the stage for economic actors.Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment,2007,5(1):3-8.
[26]徐建华,高玉景.地理系统演化的自组织途径、影响因素及熵标志.系统辩证学学报,2001,9(3):53-57.[XU J H,GAO Y J.The self-organizing way,influencing factors and entropy change of geographical system evolution.Chinese Journal of Systems Science,2001,9(3):53-57.]
[27]KELLY K L.A systems approach to identifying decisive information for sustainable development.European Journal of Operational Research,1998,109(2):452-464.
[28]SAATY T L.Decision making-the analytic hierarchy and network process(AHP/ANP).Journal of Systems,2004,13(1):1-35.
[2]龙花楼.中国乡村转型发展与土地利用.北京:科学出版社,2012.[LONG H L.Rural Transformation and Land Use in China.Beijing:Science Press,2012.]
[3]王国刚,刘合光,钱静斐,等.中国农业生产经营主体变迁及其影响效应.地理研究,2017,36(6):1081-1090.[WANGG G,LIU H G,QIAN J F,et al.The change of agricultural business entities and its influence effect.Geographical Research,2017,36(6):1081-1090.]
[4]LONG H L,LIU Y S,Wu X Q,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-XiChang region:Implications for building a new countryside in coastal China.Land Use Policy,2009,26(2):322-333.
[5]李玉恒,刘彦随.中国城乡发展转型中资源与环境问题解析.经济地理,2013,33(1):61-65.[LI Y H,LIU Y S.Investigation of the resource&environment issues in the urban-rural transition in China.Economic Geography,2013,33(1):61-65.]
[6]王成,马小苏,唐宁,等.农户行为视角下的乡村生产空间系统运行机制及重构启示.地理科学进展,2018,37(5):636-646.[WANG C,MA X S,TANG N,et al.Operational mechanism and restructuring of rural production space system from the perspective of farming household behavior.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):636-646.]
[7]ANTROP M.Landscape change:Plan or chaos.Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,41(3-4):155-161.
[8]MARTIN M A,TAGUAS F J.Fractal modeling,characterization and simulation of particle size distribution in soil.Proceedings of the royal society of London.Series A,1998,454(1973):1457-1468.
[9]LARSEN T A,GUJER W.The concept of sustainable urban water management.Water Science and Technology,1997,35(9):3-10.
[10]HERRMANN-PILLATH C,KIRCHERT D,PAN J.Disparities in Chinese economic development:Approaches on different levels of aggregation.Economic Systems,2002,26(1):31-54.
[11]WELL MANN J F,REGENAUER-LIEB K.Uncertainties have a meaning:Information entropy as a quality measure for3D geological models.Tectonophysics,2012,526-529(2):207-216.
[12]林珍铭,夏斌,董武娟.基于信息熵的广东省土地利用结构时空变化分析.热带地理,2011,31(3):266-271.[LIN ZM,XIA B,DONG W J.Analysis on temporal-spatial changes of land-use structure in Guangdong province based on information entropy.Tropical Geography,2011,31(3):266-271.]
[13]王晓娇,陈英,齐鹏,等.土地利用结构动态演变及预测研究:以张掖市为例.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):86-91.[WANG X J,CHEN Y,QI P,et al.Dynamic evolution and prediction of land use structure in Zhangye.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(4):86-91.]
[14]肖思思,吴春笃,储金宇.1980-2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析.农业工程学报,2012,28(23):1-10.[XIAO S S,WU C D,CHU J Y.Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(23):1-10.]
[15]覃琳,邱凌,朱玉碧,等.基于主成分分析法的重庆市九龙坡区土地利用变化驱动机理研究.中国农学通报,2012,28(5):240-246.[QIN L,QIU L,ZHU Y B,et al.Research on land use change and drive mechanism of Jiulongpo districtin Chongqing based on principle components analysis.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(5):240-246.]
[16]谭永忠,吴次芳.区域土地利用结构的信息熵分异规律研究.自然资源学报,2003,18(1):112-116.[TAN Y Z,WU CF.The laws of the information entropy values of land use composition.Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(1):112-116.]
[17]耿海青,谷树忠,国冬梅.基于信息熵的城市居民家庭能源消费结构演变分析:以无锡市为例.自然资源学报,2004,19(2):257-262.[GENG H Q,GU S Z,GUO D M.Analyses on evolution of household energy consumption structure based on information entropy.Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(2):257-262.]
[18]ZHANG Y,YANG Z,LI W.Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy.Ecological Modelling,2006,197(1-2):1-12.
[19]冯健.杭州市人口密度空间分布及其演化的模型研究.地理研究,2002,21(5):635-646.[FENG J.Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population density and its evolution in Hangzhou.Geographical Research,2002,21(5):635-646.]
[20]林珍铭,夏斌.熵视角下的广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力分析.地理学报,2013,68(1):45-57.[LIN Z M,XIAB.Analysis of sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou city in the perspective of entropy.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(1):45-57.]
[21]王龙,徐刚,刘敏.基于信息熵和GM(1,1)的上海市城市生态系统演化分析与灰色预测.环境科学学报,2016,36(6):2262-2271.[WANG L,XU G,LIU M.Analysis and forecasting of shanghai urban ecosystem evolution based on information entropy and GM(1,1).Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):2262-2271.]
[22]张妍,杨志峰,何孟常,等.基于信息熵的城市生态系统演化分析.环境科学学报,2005,25(8):1127-1134.[ZHANGY,YANG Z F,HE M C,et al.Analyses on evolution of urban complex ecosystem based on information entropy.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(8):1127-1134.]
[23]张广纳,邵景安,王金亮,等.三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征.自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1197-1209.[ZHANG G N,SHAO J A,WANG J L,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1197-1209.]
[24]SHANNON C E.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[25]JOHN E C,SHI L,SAMANTHA J.Environment as the stage for economic actors.Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment,2007,5(1):3-8.
[26]徐建华,高玉景.地理系统演化的自组织途径、影响因素及熵标志.系统辩证学学报,2001,9(3):53-57.[XU J H,GAO Y J.The self-organizing way,influencing factors and entropy change of geographical system evolution.Chinese Journal of Systems Science,2001,9(3):53-57.]
[27]KELLY K L.A systems approach to identifying decisive information for sustainable development.European Journal of Operational Research,1998,109(2):452-464.
[28]SAATY T L.Decision making-the analytic hierarchy and network process(AHP/ANP).Journal of Systems,2004,13(1):1-35.