水稻根系抗氧化酶及其同工酶对酸雨胁迫的响应
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摘要
为进一步认识植物对酸雨胁迫的适应性机制,本文选择具有较强耐酸性作物水稻为试材,研究酸雨(AR)(p H 3.5和p H 2.5)对水稻根系抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶组成的影响.发现AR胁迫5 d后,p H 3.5组水稻幼苗根系中SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)活性均上升,且同工酶谱条带均增粗变亮,H_2O_2、O_2~(·-)、MDA含量和质膜透性均增加,根长、根表面积、根体积、根冠比均减小;而p H 2.5组根系中虽SOD、CAT活性上升但POD活性下降,其中SOD、CAT同工酶谱条带变粗变亮且较p H 3.5组更粗更亮而POD 3、POD 4、POD 5条带明显变细变暗,O_2~(·-)、H_2O_2、MDA含量和质膜透性与根系生长各指标降幅均大于p H 3.5组.恢复5 d后,p H3.5组下水稻根系中SOD、CAT、POD、H_2O_2、O_2~(·-)、MDA含量和质膜透性恢复至对照水平,而p H 2.5引发的活性氧伤害未恢复.因此,AR胁迫下水稻幼苗根系SOD、CAT、POD同工酶表达量增加促使活性增强有助于清除AR诱发的活性氧积累,增强植物对酸雨的耐受性,调控能力受酸雨强度限制.
To clarify the adaptation in plants to acid rain stress,we chose rice with stronger acidity tolerance as experimental object to study the effect of acid rain(AR)(p H 3.5/pH 2.5)on antioxidant enzyme activities and isozyme composition in rice roots.After 5-day exposure,activities of SOD,CAT and POD in rice roots treated with pH 3.5 AR were increased,and isozyme bands were thickened and brighter.Meanwhile,contents of H_2O_2,O_2~(·-),MDA and membrane permeability were all increased while root length,root surface area,root volume and root/shoot ratio were decreased.In pH 2.5 AR treating group,activities of SOD and CAT were increased and bands of SOD and CAT isozyme were thicker and brighter than those in pH 3.5 AR group.But the activity of POD was decreased and bands of POD 3,POD 4 and POD 5 were obviously darkened.The increased contents of O_2~(·-),H_2O_2and MDA and membrane permeability and the decreased root length,root surface area,root volume and root/shoot ratio were all larger than those treated with pH 3.5 AR.After a 5-day recovery,all parameters of rice root under pH 3.5 AR stress were recovered to the control level whereas oxidative damage caused by p H 2.5 AR was irreversible.Therefore,the increase in SOD,CAT and POD isozyme in rice root could promote the activities of antioxidative enzymes to scavenge excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by AR and enhance plant tolerance to acid rain.Moreover,the regulating effect of antioxidave isozyme was limited by the intensity of acid rain.
To clarify the adaptation in plants to acid rain stress,we chose rice with stronger acidity tolerance as experimental object to study the effect of acid rain(AR)(p H 3.5/pH 2.5)on antioxidant enzyme activities and isozyme composition in rice roots.After 5-day exposure,activities of SOD,CAT and POD in rice roots treated with pH 3.5 AR were increased,and isozyme bands were thickened and brighter.Meanwhile,contents of H_2O_2,O_2~(·-),MDA and membrane permeability were all increased while root length,root surface area,root volume and root/shoot ratio were decreased.In pH 2.5 AR treating group,activities of SOD and CAT were increased and bands of SOD and CAT isozyme were thicker and brighter than those in pH 3.5 AR group.But the activity of POD was decreased and bands of POD 3,POD 4 and POD 5 were obviously darkened.The increased contents of O_2~(·-),H_2O_2and MDA and membrane permeability and the decreased root length,root surface area,root volume and root/shoot ratio were all larger than those treated with pH 3.5 AR.After a 5-day recovery,all parameters of rice root under pH 3.5 AR stress were recovered to the control level whereas oxidative damage caused by p H 2.5 AR was irreversible.Therefore,the increase in SOD,CAT and POD isozyme in rice root could promote the activities of antioxidative enzymes to scavenge excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by AR and enhance plant tolerance to acid rain.Moreover,the regulating effect of antioxidave isozyme was limited by the intensity of acid rain.
引文
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[13]谢晓红.植物抗氧化酶系统研究进展[J].化工管理,2015(32):99-100.XIE X H. Research progress of plant antioxidant enzyme system[J]. Chemical Management,2015(32):99-100(in Chinese).
[14]孙彩霞,刘志刚,荆艳东.水分胁迫对玉米叶片关键防御酶系活性及其同工酶的影响[J].玉米科学,2003,11(1):63-66.SUN C X,LIU Z G,JIN Y D. Effects of water stress on activities of key defense enzymes and their isozymes in maize leaves.[J]. CornScience,2003,11(1):63-66(in Chinese).
[15]吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.WU X,LIANG C J. Effect of simulated acid rain on root hormone content and growth of rice[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(3):568-574(in Chinese).
[16]吕霞,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase与质膜过氧化的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):1-4.LV X,LIANG C J. Effects of simulated acid rain on plasma membrane H+-ATPase and plasma membrane peroxidation in rice leaves[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(6):1-4(in Chinese).
[17]周青,黄晓华.稀土元素La对酸雨损伤蜡梅的影响[J].生态学杂志,1997(6):59-61.ZHOU Q,HUANG X H. Effects of rare earth La on the acid rain damage of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Ecology,1997(6):59-61(inChinese).
[18]卜津津,苏垒,吕霞,等.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性与矿质元素含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):3020-3024.BU J J,SU L,LV X,et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and mineral element content in riceleaves[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2015,35(9):3020-3024(in Chinese).
[19] LIANG C,GE Y,SU L,et al. Response of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in rice(Oryza sativa)seedlings to simulated acid rain[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(1):535-545.
[2]杭州市环境保护局,2012年杭州市环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2017-01-22]. http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2013/6/4/art_1256301_5306951.htmlHangzhou Environmental Protection Bureau. Hangzhou City Environmental Status Bulletin 2012[EB/OL].[2017-01-22]. http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2013/6/4/art_1256301_5306951.html(in Chinese).
[3]涂勇.攀枝花市酸雨污染特征及防治措施的研究[D].成都:四川大学,2005.TU Y. Acid rain pollution characteristics and control measures in panzhihua city[D]. Chengdu:Sichuan University,2005(in Chinese).
[4]冯颖竹,陈惠阳,余土元,等.中国酸雨及其对农业生产影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(11):306-311.FEN Y Z,CHEN H Y,YU T Y,et al. Research progress of acid rain and its impact on agricultural production in China[J]. ChineseAgricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(11):306-311(in Chinese).
[5]李志国,姜卫兵,翁忙玲,等.模拟酸雨对木兰科树种叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(3):779-784.LI Z G,JIANG W B,WEN M L,et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in leaves ofmagnoliaceae[J]. Journal of Ecology and Environment,2007,16(3):779-784(in Chinese).
[6]陈家松.模拟酸雨胁迫对夏腊梅幼苗生理,生长特性及土壤微生物多样性影响[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016.CHEN J S. Effects of simulated acid rain stress on physiological characteristics,growth characteristics and soil microbial diversity of shaley[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2016(in Chinese).
[7]宋莉英,柯展鸿,孙兰兰,等.模拟酸雨对3种菊科入侵植物光合特性的影响[J].植物学报,2013,48(2):160-167.SONG L Y,KE Z H,SUN L L,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain on photosynthetic characteristics of three compositae invasive plants[J].Plant Journal,2013,48(2):160-167(in Chinese).
[8] REN X,ZHU J,LIU H,et al.Response of antioxidative system in rice(Oryza sativa)leaves to simulated acid rain stress[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2018,148:851-856.
[9]任潇茜,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片抗氧化系统影响的时间效应[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(4):1609-1613.REN X Q,LIANG C J. Effects of simulated scid rain on antioxidant system in rice leaves[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(4):1609-1613(in Chinese).
[10]魏金卓,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性与胞内Ca2+浓度的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(2):532-536.WEI J Z,LIANG C J. Effects of simulated acid rain on plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and intracellular Ca2+concentration in riceleaves[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2014,34(2):532-536(in Chinese).
[11] ZHU Y Y,DI T J,XU G H,et al. Adaptation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase of rice roots to low pH as related to ammonium nutrition[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2009,32(10):1428-1440.
[12] Cho U,Park J. Mercury-induced oxidative stress in tomato seedlings[J]. Plant Science An International Journal of Experimental PlantBiology,2000,156(1):1-2.
[13]谢晓红.植物抗氧化酶系统研究进展[J].化工管理,2015(32):99-100.XIE X H. Research progress of plant antioxidant enzyme system[J]. Chemical Management,2015(32):99-100(in Chinese).
[14]孙彩霞,刘志刚,荆艳东.水分胁迫对玉米叶片关键防御酶系活性及其同工酶的影响[J].玉米科学,2003,11(1):63-66.SUN C X,LIU Z G,JIN Y D. Effects of water stress on activities of key defense enzymes and their isozymes in maize leaves.[J]. CornScience,2003,11(1):63-66(in Chinese).
[15]吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.WU X,LIANG C J. Effect of simulated acid rain on root hormone content and growth of rice[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(3):568-574(in Chinese).
[16]吕霞,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase与质膜过氧化的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):1-4.LV X,LIANG C J. Effects of simulated acid rain on plasma membrane H+-ATPase and plasma membrane peroxidation in rice leaves[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(6):1-4(in Chinese).
[17]周青,黄晓华.稀土元素La对酸雨损伤蜡梅的影响[J].生态学杂志,1997(6):59-61.ZHOU Q,HUANG X H. Effects of rare earth La on the acid rain damage of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Ecology,1997(6):59-61(inChinese).
[18]卜津津,苏垒,吕霞,等.模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性与矿质元素含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):3020-3024.BU J J,SU L,LV X,et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and mineral element content in riceleaves[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2015,35(9):3020-3024(in Chinese).
[19] LIANG C,GE Y,SU L,et al. Response of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in rice(Oryza sativa)seedlings to simulated acid rain[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(1):535-545.
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