青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚第四纪以来的逆冲运动及其深部构造特征
|
摘要
三危山断裂为阿尔金断裂带东段的重要分支,位于青藏高原北缘北向扩展的前缘位置,为一条左旋走滑兼逆冲的活动断裂。通过卫片解译和野外实际调查,发现三危山主断裂穿过鸣沙山后,向西至党河水库及阳关镇附近以断层陡坎的形式出露地表。由阳关镇段向西至党河水库段,穿过鸣沙山至三危山主断裂,断层陡坎的形态由复杂变简单,落差基本集中于2～6m,但呈现逐渐减小的趋势,水平位移量也逐渐变小,反映了断裂活动强度由西向东逐渐减弱的特点。探槽和剖面解译结果显示,该段断裂错断下更新统玉门组(Qp~1)砂岩和砾岩、中更新统酒泉组(Qp~2)砂砾石层以及上更新统(Qp~3)冲洪积砂砾石层。卫片解译、野外实地调查和深部大地电磁(MT)剖面的解译结果表明,南截山断裂向西在莫高窟南侧与三危山断裂交汇,二者在深部向阿尔金断裂收敛,上述三条断裂共同构成区域挤压性非对称半正花状构造。高原北缘的扩展是通过一系列北东-南西向走滑断裂活动及其所夹地块向北东运动和挤压实现。
The Sanweishan fault, an important branch of the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault and located in the leading edge of the northwestern Tibet Plateau is a left-lateral strike-slip and thrusting activity. Field investigation and satellite image interpretation reveals that the main fault, after crossing through Mingsha Mountain, continues to extend westward and finally crops out in Danghe water reservoir segment(DHRS) and Yangguan County in the form of fault escarpment. The length of DHRS is almost 16 km, strikes near 90°. Morphology of the fault escarpment changes from simple to complicated with the fault crossing Yangguan County westward to DHRS and from Mingsha Mountain to Sanwei Mountain. The difference of the escarpment ranges from 2 to 6 m, but it tends to decrease and horizontal displacement also reduces. All of these phenomena reflect that the intensity of fault activity weakens gradually from west to east. The results of trenching and section interpretation show that the fault offsets the Lower Pleistocene sandstone and conglomerate(Yumen Formation, Qp~1), the Middle Pleistocene gravel layers(Jiuquan Formation) and the Upper Pleistocene alluvial gravels. Satellite image interpretation, field investigation and magnetotelluric profiles indicate that the Nanjieshan fault intersects with the Sanweishan fault on the south side of the Mogao Grottoes, and the two faults merge to the Altyn Tagh fault at depth. The above three faults constitute an asymmetric positive half-flower structure with regional compression. The extension of the northern margin of the plateau may result from the activities of an array of NE-SW strike-slip faults and the northeast movement of the blocks between those faults.
The Sanweishan fault, an important branch of the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault and located in the leading edge of the northwestern Tibet Plateau is a left-lateral strike-slip and thrusting activity. Field investigation and satellite image interpretation reveals that the main fault, after crossing through Mingsha Mountain, continues to extend westward and finally crops out in Danghe water reservoir segment(DHRS) and Yangguan County in the form of fault escarpment. The length of DHRS is almost 16 km, strikes near 90°. Morphology of the fault escarpment changes from simple to complicated with the fault crossing Yangguan County westward to DHRS and from Mingsha Mountain to Sanwei Mountain. The difference of the escarpment ranges from 2 to 6 m, but it tends to decrease and horizontal displacement also reduces. All of these phenomena reflect that the intensity of fault activity weakens gradually from west to east. The results of trenching and section interpretation show that the fault offsets the Lower Pleistocene sandstone and conglomerate(Yumen Formation, Qp~1), the Middle Pleistocene gravel layers(Jiuquan Formation) and the Upper Pleistocene alluvial gravels. Satellite image interpretation, field investigation and magnetotelluric profiles indicate that the Nanjieshan fault intersects with the Sanweishan fault on the south side of the Mogao Grottoes, and the two faults merge to the Altyn Tagh fault at depth. The above three faults constitute an asymmetric positive half-flower structure with regional compression. The extension of the northern margin of the plateau may result from the activities of an array of NE-SW strike-slip faults and the northeast movement of the blocks between those faults.
引文
Burchfiel B C,Deng Q D,Molnar P,Royden L,Wang Y P,Zhang P Z,Zhang W Q.1989.Intracrustal detachment within zones of continental deformation.Geology,17:448～452.
Craddock W,Kirby E,Zhang H P.2011.Late Miocene-Pliocene range growth in the interior of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Lithosphere,3:420～438.
Cunningham D.2005.Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai:Defining a new class of orogen.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,240:436～444.
Cunningham D,Mann P.2007.Tectonics of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends.Geological Society London Special Publications,290(1):1～12.
Cunningham D.2013.Mountain building processes in intracontinental oblique deformation belts:Lessons from the Gobi Corridor,Central Asia.Journal of Structural Geology,46:255～282.
Cunningham D,Zhang J,Li Y F.2016.Late Cenozoic transpressional mountain building directly north of the Altyn Tagh fault in the Sanweishan and Nanjieshan,North Tibetan foreland,China.Tectonophysics,687:111～128.
Elliott J R,Biggs J,Parsons B,Wright T J.2008.InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh fault,northern Tibet,in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays.Geophysical Research Letters,35:82～90.
Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng,Zhang Chen,Liu Chang,Zhang Yu,Wang Ju,Chen Weiming.2008.Lateral growth of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault at the north margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Late Cenozoic strike-slip faults and the crustal stability in the Beishan area,Gansu,China.Geological Bulletin of China,27(10):1678～1686.
Kim Y S,Sanderson D J.2006.Structural similarity and variety at the tips in a wide range of strike-slip faults:a review.Terra Nova,18:330～344.
Li Haibing,Yang Jingsui,Shi Rendeng,Wu Cailai,Tapponnier P,Wan Yusheng,Zhang Jianxin,Meng Fancong.2002.The determination of the strike-slip fault basin in Altun and its relationship with mountains.Chinese Science Bulletin,47(1):63～67 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Haibing,Yang Jingsui.2004.Evidence for Cretaceous uplift of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):345～359 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xingwang,Yuan Daoyang,Zou Xiaobo,Liu Yu.2018.Active characteristics of the Sanweishan fault in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau during Late Pleistocene.Seismology and Geology,40(1):121～132
Logan J M,Dengo C A,Higgs N G,Wang Z Z.1992.Fabrics of experimental fault zones:their development and relationship to mechanical behavior.In:Evans B,Wong T,eds.Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks.San Diego,CA:Academic Press,33～67.
Meyer B.1996.Rate of left lateral movement along the easternmost segment of the Altyn Taghfault,east of 96°E (China).Geophys.J.Int.,124:29～44.
Mériaux A S,Ryerson F J,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V,Finkel R C,Xu X W,Xu Z Q,Caffee M W.2004.Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh fault:morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109.B06401,doi:10.1029/2003JB002558.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects of a continental collision.Science,189:419～426.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1978.Active tectonics of Tibet.Journal of Geophysical Research,83:5361～5375.
Molnar P,Stock J M.2009.Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics.Tectonics,28,TC3001:1～11.
Pan Jiawei,Li Haibing,Sun Zhiming,Liu Dongliang,Wu Chan,Yu Changqing.2015.Tectonic responses in the Qaidam basin induced by Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(12):3701～3712 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Riedel W.1929.Zur mechanic geologischer brucherscheinungen.Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie:Geologie und Palaontologie B,354～368.
Shen Z K,Wang M,Li Y X,Jackson D D,Yin A,Dong D N,Fang P.2001.Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system,western China,from GPS.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,106 (B12):30607～30621.
Sylvester A G.1998.Strike-slip faults.GSA Bulletin,100(11):1666～1703.
Wang Ping,Wang Zengguang,Lei Shengxue,Zhang Keqi.2006.The latest tectonic deformation at the growing point of a new fracture on the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh fault.Quaternary Science,26(1):108～116 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wittlinger G,Tapponnier P,Poupinet G,Jiang M,Shi D N,Herquel G,Masson F.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault.Science,28:74～76.
Xiao Q B,Zhao G Z,Dong Z Y.2011.Electrical resistivity structure at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,116,B12401,doi:10.1029/2010JB008163.
Xiao Q B,Shao G H,Zeng J L,Oskin M E,Zhang J,Zhao G Z,Wang J J.2015.Eastern termination of the Altyn Tagh fault,western China:Constraints from a magnetotelluric survey.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,120:2838～2858.
Xiao Q B,Yu G,Zeng J L,Oskin M E,Shao G H.2017.Structure and geometry of the Aksay restraining double bend along the Altyn Tagh fault,northern Tibet,imaged using magnetotelluric method.Geophysical Research Letters,44:4090～4097.
Xu Zhiqin,Yang Jingsui,Zhang Jianxin,Jiang Mei,Li Haibing,Cui Junwen.1999.A comparison between the tectonic units on the two sides of the Altun sinistral strike-slip fault and the mechanism of lithospheric shearing.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(3):193～205 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang W T,Zhang P Z,Liu C C,Zheng D W,Yu J X,Zheng W J,Wang Y Z,Zhang H P,Chen X Y.2016.Pulsed growth of the West Qiling at ～30 Ma in northeastern Tibet:Evidence from Lanzhou basin magnetostratigraphy and provenance:Cenozoic growth of the West Qinling.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,121.
Yin A,Rumelhar P E,Butler R,Cowgill E,Harrison T M,Foster D A,Ingersoll R V,Zhang Q,Zhou X Q,Wang X F,Hanson A,Raza A.2002.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation.Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(10):1257～1295.
Yu J X,Zheng W J,Kirby E,Zhang P Z,Lei Q Y,Ge W P,Wang W T,Li X N,Zhang N.2016.Kinematics of Late Quaternary slip along the Yabrai range-front fault:Implications for Cenozoic tectonics across the Gobi Alashan block,China.Lithosphere,8(3):199～218.
Yu J X,Zheng W J,Zhang P Z,Lei Q Y,Wang X L,Wang W T,Li X N,Zhang N.2017.Late Quaternary strike-slip along the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi fault zone andits tectonic implications in the Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan,China.Tectonophysics,721:28～44.
Yuan D Y,Ge W P,Chen Z W,Li C Y,Wang Z C,Zhang H P,Zhang P Z,Zheng D W,Zheng W J,Craddock W H,Dayem K E,Duvall A R,Hough B G,Lease R O,Champagnac J D,Burbank D W,Clark M K,Farley K A,Garzione C N,Kirby E,Molnar P,Roe G H.2013.The growth of northeastern Tibet and its relevance to large-scale continental geodynamics:A review of recent studies.Tectonics,32:1358～1370.
Yun Long,Yang Xiaoping,Wang Ju,Song Fangmin,Chen Xiangcheng.2016a.Paleo-earthquake events along northeastern segment of the Sanweishan Mountain fault,northern Tibetan Plateau.Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,11(2):186～198 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yun Long,Yang Xiaoping,Song Fangmin,Wang Ju.2016b.Late Quaternary siniatral strike-slip activities of Sanwei Shan fault in the north of Tibetan Plateau.Seismology and Geology,38:434～446 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang H P,William H C,Richard O L,Wang W T,Yuan D Y,Zhang P Z,Molnar P,Zheng D W,Zheng W J.2012.Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Chaka basin and its implications for mountain building processes in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau.Basin Research,24(1):31～50.
Zhang H P,Zhang P Z,Zheng D W,Zheng W J,Chen Z W,Wang W T.2014.Transforming the Miocene Altyn Tagh fault slip into shortening of the north-western Qilian Shan:insights from the drainage basin geometry.Terra Nova,26(3):216～221.
Zhang J,Cunningham D.2012.Kilometer-scale refolded folds caused by strike-slip reversal and intraplate shortening in the Beishan region,China.Tectonics,31,TC3009:1～19.
Zhang Yuming,Liu Tanzhuo.1989.The Sanweishan fault:A quaternary active fault without lager earthquakes.Earthquake Research in China,5(3):37～48 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng W J,Zhang P Z,He W G,Yuan D Y,Shao Y X,Zhen D W,Ge W P,Min W.2013.Transformation of displacement between strike-slip and crustal shortening in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from decadal GPS measurements and late Quaternary slip rates on faults.Tectonophysics,584:267～280.
Zuza A V,Yin A.2016.Continental deformation accommodated by non-rigid passive bookshelf faulting:An example from the Cenozoic tectonic development of northern Tibet.Tectonophysics,677～678:227～240.
参考文献刘兴旺,袁道阳,邹小波,柳煜.2018.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚更新世活动特征.地震地质,40(1):121～132
李海兵,杨经绥,史仁灯,吴才来,Tapponnier P,万渝生,张建新,孟繁聪.2002.阿尔金走滑断陷盆地的确定及其与山脉的关系.科学通报,47(1):63～67.
李海兵,杨经绥.2004.青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据.地学前缘,11(4):345～359.
潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明,刘栋梁,吴婵,于常青.2015.阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应.岩石学报,31(12):3701～3712.
许志琴,杨经绥,张建新,姜枚,李海兵,崔军文.1999.阿尔金断裂两侧构造单元的对比及岩石圈剪切机制.地质学报,73(3):193～205.
王萍,王增光,雷生学,张克旗.2006.阿尔金断裂东端破裂生长点的最新构造变形.第四纪研究,26(1):108～116.
云龙,杨晓平,王驹,宋方敏,陈献程.2016a.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂东北段的古地震事件.震灾防御技术,11(2):186～198.
云龙,杨晓平,宋方敏,王驹.2016b.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚第四纪以来的左旋走滑活动.地震地质,38(2):434～446.
张裕明,柳覃卓.1989.敦煌三危山断层——一条无强震的第四纪活动断层.中国地震,5(3):37～48.
郭召杰,张志诚,张臣,刘畅,张宇,王驹,陈伟明.2008,青藏高原北缘阿尔金走滑边界的侧向——甘肃北山晚新生代走滑构造与地壳稳定分析.地质通报,27(10):1678～1686.
? 甘肃省地质局第二区域地质测量队.1973.多坝沟幅(1∶200000).
Craddock W,Kirby E,Zhang H P.2011.Late Miocene-Pliocene range growth in the interior of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Lithosphere,3:420～438.
Cunningham D.2005.Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai:Defining a new class of orogen.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,240:436～444.
Cunningham D,Mann P.2007.Tectonics of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends.Geological Society London Special Publications,290(1):1～12.
Cunningham D.2013.Mountain building processes in intracontinental oblique deformation belts:Lessons from the Gobi Corridor,Central Asia.Journal of Structural Geology,46:255～282.
Cunningham D,Zhang J,Li Y F.2016.Late Cenozoic transpressional mountain building directly north of the Altyn Tagh fault in the Sanweishan and Nanjieshan,North Tibetan foreland,China.Tectonophysics,687:111～128.
Elliott J R,Biggs J,Parsons B,Wright T J.2008.InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh fault,northern Tibet,in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays.Geophysical Research Letters,35:82～90.
Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng,Zhang Chen,Liu Chang,Zhang Yu,Wang Ju,Chen Weiming.2008.Lateral growth of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault at the north margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Late Cenozoic strike-slip faults and the crustal stability in the Beishan area,Gansu,China.Geological Bulletin of China,27(10):1678～1686.
Kim Y S,Sanderson D J.2006.Structural similarity and variety at the tips in a wide range of strike-slip faults:a review.Terra Nova,18:330～344.
Li Haibing,Yang Jingsui,Shi Rendeng,Wu Cailai,Tapponnier P,Wan Yusheng,Zhang Jianxin,Meng Fancong.2002.The determination of the strike-slip fault basin in Altun and its relationship with mountains.Chinese Science Bulletin,47(1):63～67 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Haibing,Yang Jingsui.2004.Evidence for Cretaceous uplift of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):345～359 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xingwang,Yuan Daoyang,Zou Xiaobo,Liu Yu.2018.Active characteristics of the Sanweishan fault in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau during Late Pleistocene.Seismology and Geology,40(1):121～132
Logan J M,Dengo C A,Higgs N G,Wang Z Z.1992.Fabrics of experimental fault zones:their development and relationship to mechanical behavior.In:Evans B,Wong T,eds.Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks.San Diego,CA:Academic Press,33～67.
Meyer B.1996.Rate of left lateral movement along the easternmost segment of the Altyn Taghfault,east of 96°E (China).Geophys.J.Int.,124:29～44.
Mériaux A S,Ryerson F J,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V,Finkel R C,Xu X W,Xu Z Q,Caffee M W.2004.Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh fault:morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109.B06401,doi:10.1029/2003JB002558.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects of a continental collision.Science,189:419～426.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1978.Active tectonics of Tibet.Journal of Geophysical Research,83:5361～5375.
Molnar P,Stock J M.2009.Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics.Tectonics,28,TC3001:1～11.
Pan Jiawei,Li Haibing,Sun Zhiming,Liu Dongliang,Wu Chan,Yu Changqing.2015.Tectonic responses in the Qaidam basin induced by Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(12):3701～3712 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Riedel W.1929.Zur mechanic geologischer brucherscheinungen.Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie:Geologie und Palaontologie B,354～368.
Shen Z K,Wang M,Li Y X,Jackson D D,Yin A,Dong D N,Fang P.2001.Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system,western China,from GPS.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,106 (B12):30607～30621.
Sylvester A G.1998.Strike-slip faults.GSA Bulletin,100(11):1666～1703.
Wang Ping,Wang Zengguang,Lei Shengxue,Zhang Keqi.2006.The latest tectonic deformation at the growing point of a new fracture on the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh fault.Quaternary Science,26(1):108～116 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wittlinger G,Tapponnier P,Poupinet G,Jiang M,Shi D N,Herquel G,Masson F.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault.Science,28:74～76.
Xiao Q B,Zhao G Z,Dong Z Y.2011.Electrical resistivity structure at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,116,B12401,doi:10.1029/2010JB008163.
Xiao Q B,Shao G H,Zeng J L,Oskin M E,Zhang J,Zhao G Z,Wang J J.2015.Eastern termination of the Altyn Tagh fault,western China:Constraints from a magnetotelluric survey.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,120:2838～2858.
Xiao Q B,Yu G,Zeng J L,Oskin M E,Shao G H.2017.Structure and geometry of the Aksay restraining double bend along the Altyn Tagh fault,northern Tibet,imaged using magnetotelluric method.Geophysical Research Letters,44:4090～4097.
Xu Zhiqin,Yang Jingsui,Zhang Jianxin,Jiang Mei,Li Haibing,Cui Junwen.1999.A comparison between the tectonic units on the two sides of the Altun sinistral strike-slip fault and the mechanism of lithospheric shearing.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(3):193～205 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang W T,Zhang P Z,Liu C C,Zheng D W,Yu J X,Zheng W J,Wang Y Z,Zhang H P,Chen X Y.2016.Pulsed growth of the West Qiling at ～30 Ma in northeastern Tibet:Evidence from Lanzhou basin magnetostratigraphy and provenance:Cenozoic growth of the West Qinling.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,121.
Yin A,Rumelhar P E,Butler R,Cowgill E,Harrison T M,Foster D A,Ingersoll R V,Zhang Q,Zhou X Q,Wang X F,Hanson A,Raza A.2002.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation.Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(10):1257～1295.
Yu J X,Zheng W J,Kirby E,Zhang P Z,Lei Q Y,Ge W P,Wang W T,Li X N,Zhang N.2016.Kinematics of Late Quaternary slip along the Yabrai range-front fault:Implications for Cenozoic tectonics across the Gobi Alashan block,China.Lithosphere,8(3):199～218.
Yu J X,Zheng W J,Zhang P Z,Lei Q Y,Wang X L,Wang W T,Li X N,Zhang N.2017.Late Quaternary strike-slip along the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi fault zone andits tectonic implications in the Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan,China.Tectonophysics,721:28～44.
Yuan D Y,Ge W P,Chen Z W,Li C Y,Wang Z C,Zhang H P,Zhang P Z,Zheng D W,Zheng W J,Craddock W H,Dayem K E,Duvall A R,Hough B G,Lease R O,Champagnac J D,Burbank D W,Clark M K,Farley K A,Garzione C N,Kirby E,Molnar P,Roe G H.2013.The growth of northeastern Tibet and its relevance to large-scale continental geodynamics:A review of recent studies.Tectonics,32:1358～1370.
Yun Long,Yang Xiaoping,Wang Ju,Song Fangmin,Chen Xiangcheng.2016a.Paleo-earthquake events along northeastern segment of the Sanweishan Mountain fault,northern Tibetan Plateau.Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,11(2):186～198 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yun Long,Yang Xiaoping,Song Fangmin,Wang Ju.2016b.Late Quaternary siniatral strike-slip activities of Sanwei Shan fault in the north of Tibetan Plateau.Seismology and Geology,38:434～446 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang H P,William H C,Richard O L,Wang W T,Yuan D Y,Zhang P Z,Molnar P,Zheng D W,Zheng W J.2012.Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Chaka basin and its implications for mountain building processes in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau.Basin Research,24(1):31～50.
Zhang H P,Zhang P Z,Zheng D W,Zheng W J,Chen Z W,Wang W T.2014.Transforming the Miocene Altyn Tagh fault slip into shortening of the north-western Qilian Shan:insights from the drainage basin geometry.Terra Nova,26(3):216～221.
Zhang J,Cunningham D.2012.Kilometer-scale refolded folds caused by strike-slip reversal and intraplate shortening in the Beishan region,China.Tectonics,31,TC3009:1～19.
Zhang Yuming,Liu Tanzhuo.1989.The Sanweishan fault:A quaternary active fault without lager earthquakes.Earthquake Research in China,5(3):37～48 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng W J,Zhang P Z,He W G,Yuan D Y,Shao Y X,Zhen D W,Ge W P,Min W.2013.Transformation of displacement between strike-slip and crustal shortening in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from decadal GPS measurements and late Quaternary slip rates on faults.Tectonophysics,584:267～280.
Zuza A V,Yin A.2016.Continental deformation accommodated by non-rigid passive bookshelf faulting:An example from the Cenozoic tectonic development of northern Tibet.Tectonophysics,677～678:227～240.
参考文献刘兴旺,袁道阳,邹小波,柳煜.2018.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚更新世活动特征.地震地质,40(1):121～132
李海兵,杨经绥,史仁灯,吴才来,Tapponnier P,万渝生,张建新,孟繁聪.2002.阿尔金走滑断陷盆地的确定及其与山脉的关系.科学通报,47(1):63～67.
李海兵,杨经绥.2004.青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据.地学前缘,11(4):345～359.
潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明,刘栋梁,吴婵,于常青.2015.阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应.岩石学报,31(12):3701～3712.
许志琴,杨经绥,张建新,姜枚,李海兵,崔军文.1999.阿尔金断裂两侧构造单元的对比及岩石圈剪切机制.地质学报,73(3):193～205.
王萍,王增光,雷生学,张克旗.2006.阿尔金断裂东端破裂生长点的最新构造变形.第四纪研究,26(1):108～116.
云龙,杨晓平,王驹,宋方敏,陈献程.2016a.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂东北段的古地震事件.震灾防御技术,11(2):186～198.
云龙,杨晓平,宋方敏,王驹.2016b.青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚第四纪以来的左旋走滑活动.地震地质,38(2):434～446.
张裕明,柳覃卓.1989.敦煌三危山断层——一条无强震的第四纪活动断层.中国地震,5(3):37～48.
郭召杰,张志诚,张臣,刘畅,张宇,王驹,陈伟明.2008,青藏高原北缘阿尔金走滑边界的侧向——甘肃北山晚新生代走滑构造与地壳稳定分析.地质通报,27(10):1678～1686.
? 甘肃省地质局第二区域地质测量队.1973.多坝沟幅(1∶200000).