基于P-S-R模型的甘肃省生态安全评价
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摘要
为探究甘肃省各地区资源保障能力、生态承载能力和生态安全水平的现状及其影响因素,运用P-S-R模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,根据综合评价模型对86个县级行政区生态安全进行了全面分析研究。结果表明:甘肃省平均生态安全指数为0. 416 2,处于临界安全、预警状态。在空间维度上具有东部低于中部,中东部低于西部;少数民族地区低于汉族地区的特征。在各子系统中,社会压力占压力子系统主导地位,人口密度平均贡献率最大;生态安全屏障指数占状态子系统的第一主要地位;响应子系统中,经济响应平均贡献率>文化响应>环境响应。研究结果表明甘肃省生态环境受到一定破坏,生态系统结构有变化,但尚可维持基本功能,需要进行生态保护与恢复。
In order to research the status and influential factors of resources guarantee ability,ecological carrying capacity and ecological security level in Gansu Province,the P-S-R model was applied to construct the evaluation index system of ecological security. Based on the comprehensive evaluation model,the ecological security of 86 county-level administrative regions is analyzed. The results show that: The average ecological security index of Gansu is 0. 416 2,which is in a critical safety and early warning state. Viewing from spatial dimension,the eastern part is lower than the central part,the eastern part is lower than the western part,and the minority areas are lower than the Han areas. Among all subsystems,social pressure dominates the pressure subsystem,the average contribution rate of population density is the largest; the index of ecological security barrier occupies the first major position of the state subsystem; in the response subsystem,the average contribution rate of economic response is larger than that of cultural response,while cultural response is larger than environmental response. The results show that the ecological environment in Gansu Province has been damaged to a certain extent,but it can maintain basic functions,ecological protection,and restoration measures are needed.
In order to research the status and influential factors of resources guarantee ability,ecological carrying capacity and ecological security level in Gansu Province,the P-S-R model was applied to construct the evaluation index system of ecological security. Based on the comprehensive evaluation model,the ecological security of 86 county-level administrative regions is analyzed. The results show that: The average ecological security index of Gansu is 0. 416 2,which is in a critical safety and early warning state. Viewing from spatial dimension,the eastern part is lower than the central part,the eastern part is lower than the western part,and the minority areas are lower than the Han areas. Among all subsystems,social pressure dominates the pressure subsystem,the average contribution rate of population density is the largest; the index of ecological security barrier occupies the first major position of the state subsystem; in the response subsystem,the average contribution rate of economic response is larger than that of cultural response,while cultural response is larger than environmental response. The results show that the ecological environment in Gansu Province has been damaged to a certain extent,but it can maintain basic functions,ecological protection,and restoration measures are needed.
引文
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[17]杜艳春,姜畔,毛建素,等.基于P-S-R模型的焦作市生态安全评价[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(6G):280-285.DU Yan-chun,JIANG Pan,MAO Jian-su,et al. Based on P-S-R model,ecological security evaluation of Jiaozuo city[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2011,34(6G):280-285.
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[20]陈晓雨婧,夏建新.甘肃省生态安全评价及其驱动力分析[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,39(6):140-147.CHEN Xiao-yu-jing,XIA Jian-xin. Evaluation of ecological security in Gansu province and its driving force analysis[J]. Journal of Northwest University For Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2017,39(6):140-147.
[21]张兵,金凤君,胡德勇.甘肃中部地区生态安全评价[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(5):9-15.ZHANG Bing,JIN Feng-jun,HU De-yong. Ecological security evaluation of central Gansu area[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(5):9-15.
[22]李玲,侯淑涛,赵悦,等.基于P-S-R模型的河南省土地生态安全评价及预测[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):188-192.LI Ling,HOU Shu-tao,ZHAO Yue,et al. Land ecological security evaluation and prediction of Henan Province Based on P-S-R model[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research,2014,21(1):188-192.
[23]李宗杰,田青,宋玲玲,等.基于水土保持的甘肃省生态安全评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1420-1426.LI Zong-jie,TIAN Qing,SONG Ling-ling et al. Ecological security assessment of Gansu Province based on Soil and water conservation[J]. Ecology Magazine,2015,34(5):1420-1426.
[24]宋玲玲,田青,李宗杰,等.基于P-S-R模型的甘肃黄河流域生态安全研究[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(2):126-140.SONG Ling-ling,TIAN Qing,LI Zong-jie,et al. Research on ecological security of the Yellow River Basin in Gansu based on P-S-R model[J]. Western Forestry Science,2015,44(2):126-140.
[25]李悦,张合兵,张小虎,等.基于熵值法和灰色预测模型的城市土地生态安全评价[J].环境科学与技术,2014,38(12):242-247.LI Yue,ZHANG He-bin,ZHANG Xiao-hu,et al. Ecological security evaluation of urban land based on entropy method and grey prediction model[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2014,38(12):242-247.
[2]周国富.生态安全与生态安全研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(8):3-5.ZHOU Guo-fu. Research on ecological security and ecological security[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2008,26(8):3-5.
[3]汪朝辉,田定湘,刘艳华,等.中外生态安全评价对比研究[J]. Ecological Economy,2008(7):44-49.WANG Zhao-hui,TIAN Ding-xiang,LIU Yan-hua,et al.Comparative study on ecological safety assessment between China and foreign countries[J]. Ecological Economy,2008(7):44-49.
[4]李中才,刘林德,孙玉峰,等.基于PSR方法的区域生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2010,20(23):6495-6503.LI Zhong-cai,LIU Lin-de,SUN Yu-feng,et al. Evaluation of regional ecological security based on PSR method[J]. Ecological Journal,2010,20(23):6495-6503.
[5] FENG Xu-fang,LIU Jing-mei. Ecological security assessment in county area based on P-S-R model:a case study of Ningwu county,Shanxi Province[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Research,2014,5(8):13-15,19.
[6] HAN Bao-long,LIU Hong-xiao. Urban ecological security assessment for cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region based on fuzzy and entropy methods[J]. Ecological Modelling,2015,318:217-225.
[7] PAN Run-qiu,YAO Xing. Dynamic evaluation of land ecological security in Anhui Province based on P-S-R model[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Research,2016,7(3):19-26.
[8]朱卫红,苗承玉,郑小军,等.基于3S技术的图们江流域湿地生态安全评价与预警研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1379-1390.ZHU Wei-hong,MIAO Cheng-yu,ZHENG Xiao-jun,et al. Evaluation and early warning of wetland ecological security in Tumen River Basin based on 3S technology[J]. Ecological Journal,2014,34(6):1379-1390.
[9] GAO Yang,WU Zhi-feng. Landscape ecological security assessment based on projection pursuit in Pearl River Delta[J]. Environ Monit Assess,2012,184:2307-2319.
[10] Ren Z Y,Huang Q. Quantitative analysis of dynamic change and spatial difference of the ecological safety:the case of Shanxi Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,60:597-606.
[11]郭明,肖笃宁,李新.黑河流域酒泉绿洲景观生态安全格局分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):458-466.GUO Ming,XIAO Du-ning,LI Xin. Analysis of the landscape ecological security pattern of Jiuquan oasis in Heihe Basin[J]. Ecological Journal,2006,26(2):458
[12]屈芳青,周万村. RS和GIS支持下的若儿盖草原生态安全模糊评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):24-29.QU Fang-qing,ZHOU Wan-cun. Fuzzy evaluation of ecological security of the grassland under the support of RS and GIS[J]. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas,2007,25(4):24-29.
[13]殷春雪,李锋,钱谊,等.基于熵权的长沙市城市生态安全综合评估与预测[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(1):169-174.YIN Chun-xue,LI Feng,QIAN Yi,et al. Comprehensive evaluation and prediction of urban ecological security in Changsha city based on entropy weight[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2013,36(1):169-174.
[14]马克明,傅伯杰,黎晓亚,等.区域生态安全格局——概念与理论基础[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):761-768.MA Ke-ming,FU Bo-jie,LI Xiao-ya,et al. Regional ecological security pattern:concept and theoretical basis[J]. Ecological Journal,2004,24(4):761-768.
[15]左伟,王桥,王文杰,等.区域生态安全评价指标与标准研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):67-71.ZUO Wei,WANG Qiao,WANG Wen-jie,et al. Research on regional ecological safety evaluation index and standard[J]. Geography and Land Research,2002,18(1):67-71.
[16]肖荣波,欧阳志云,韩艺师,等.海南岛生态安全评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):669-775.XIAO Rong-bo,OUYANG Zhi-yun,HAN Yi-shi,et al.Hainan Island ecological security evaluation[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(6):669-775.
[17]杜艳春,姜畔,毛建素,等.基于P-S-R模型的焦作市生态安全评价[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(6G):280-285.DU Yan-chun,JIANG Pan,MAO Jian-su,et al. Based on P-S-R model,ecological security evaluation of Jiaozuo city[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2011,34(6G):280-285.
[18] Tong C. Reviewon. environmental indicator research[J]. Research On Environmental Science,2000,13(4):53.
[19] Allen H. Environmental indicators:a systematic approach to measuring and reporting on environmental policy performance in the context of sustainable development[M]. Washington DC,USA:World Resource Institute,1995.
[20]陈晓雨婧,夏建新.甘肃省生态安全评价及其驱动力分析[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,39(6):140-147.CHEN Xiao-yu-jing,XIA Jian-xin. Evaluation of ecological security in Gansu province and its driving force analysis[J]. Journal of Northwest University For Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2017,39(6):140-147.
[21]张兵,金凤君,胡德勇.甘肃中部地区生态安全评价[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(5):9-15.ZHANG Bing,JIN Feng-jun,HU De-yong. Ecological security evaluation of central Gansu area[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(5):9-15.
[22]李玲,侯淑涛,赵悦,等.基于P-S-R模型的河南省土地生态安全评价及预测[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):188-192.LI Ling,HOU Shu-tao,ZHAO Yue,et al. Land ecological security evaluation and prediction of Henan Province Based on P-S-R model[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research,2014,21(1):188-192.
[23]李宗杰,田青,宋玲玲,等.基于水土保持的甘肃省生态安全评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1420-1426.LI Zong-jie,TIAN Qing,SONG Ling-ling et al. Ecological security assessment of Gansu Province based on Soil and water conservation[J]. Ecology Magazine,2015,34(5):1420-1426.
[24]宋玲玲,田青,李宗杰,等.基于P-S-R模型的甘肃黄河流域生态安全研究[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(2):126-140.SONG Ling-ling,TIAN Qing,LI Zong-jie,et al. Research on ecological security of the Yellow River Basin in Gansu based on P-S-R model[J]. Western Forestry Science,2015,44(2):126-140.
[25]李悦,张合兵,张小虎,等.基于熵值法和灰色预测模型的城市土地生态安全评价[J].环境科学与技术,2014,38(12):242-247.LI Yue,ZHANG He-bin,ZHANG Xiao-hu,et al. Ecological security evaluation of urban land based on entropy method and grey prediction model[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2014,38(12):242-247.
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