钨尾矿生态恢复中桉树林地表节肢动物群落特征及影响因子研究
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摘要
地表节肢动物对土壤重金属污染及生态恢复中的生境变化具有重要的指示作用,不同动物类群对植被恢复具有不同的响应,它们与植物一起调控了土壤的恢复过程。然而,目前对地表节肢动物类群对植被恢复的响应及其与植被和土壤环境变化的关系认识不足。以1 a桉树(Eucalyptus)林、7 a桉树林及26 a外围桉树林作为研究对象,以无污染桉树林为对照,基于4种样地土壤理化因子、重金属因子及地表节肢动物群落的调查统计数据,采用生态指数及冗余分析的方法,研究不同种植年限桉树林与外围桉树林生境地表节肢动物群落对土壤质量和重金属因子的响应机制。结果显示:种植7a的桉树林地表节肢动物个体数量(N)、丰富度(R)和多样性指数(H′)(N=131,R=2.026,H′=1.644)高于1 a桉树林(N=40,R=0.701,H′=0.617),但显著低于外围桉树林(N=823,R=2.345,H′=1.939),对照桉树林(N=1251,R=2.354,H′=1.947)显著高于其他样地。冗余分析表明,土壤理化因子与地表节肢动物群落呈显著正相关,土壤速效磷和有机质对地表节肢动物群落变化的贡献率最大,两个环境因子总共解释了89.67%的环境变异,速效磷对地表节肢动物群落的影响最大,贡献率达79.83%,是主要的影响因子,多样性指数随土壤质量的提升而增大。重金属因子与地表节肢动物群落呈显著负相关,Cu对地表节肢动物群落的影响最大,贡献率为88.95%,是主要的毒性因子,动物群落多样性指数随重金属(Cu、Ni、Zn)含量的增加而下降。研究表明:随着钨尾矿恢复区桉树种植年限的延长,土壤质量提升,生态恢复区植被迁入与群落演替促进了地表节肢动物群落食物网的形成,对地表节肢动物群落演变与多样性增加起到关键作用。
Surface arthropods have important indications for soil heavy metal pollution and habitat change in ecological restoration.Different animal groups have different responses to vegetation restoration of tailing, and they regulate the soil recovery process together with plants. However, we do not know enough about the response of surface arthropods to vegetation restoration and the relationship between vegetation and soil environment. Taking 1 year of Eucalyptus forest, 7 years of Eucalyptus forest and 26 years of peripheral Eucalyptus forest as the research object, and the pollution-free Eucalyptus forest as the control, ecological indices and redundant analysis methods were adopted to study the response mechanism of surface arthropod community to soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal factors in different habitats of Eucalyptus forests and surrounding Eucalyptus forests based on survey statistics of soil physicochemical factor and heavy metal factors and surface arthropod communities in four plots.. The results showed that, the number of individual(N), richness(R) and diversity(H′) index of surface arthropods in 7 years old Eucalyptus forest(N=131, R=2.026, H′=1.644) were higher than 1 year Eucalyptus forest(N=40, R=0.701, H′=0.617), but lower than the outer Eucalyptus forest(N=823, R=2.345, H′=1.939), and the index of the control Eucalyptus forest(N=1251, R=2.354, H′=1.947) was significantly higher than that of other sample sites. Redundancy analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and surface arthropod communities. Soil available phosphorus and organic matter contributed the most to the changes of surface arthropod community. The two environmental factors explained 89.67% of the environmental variation. The available phosphorus had the greatest impact on the surface arthropod community, with a contribution rate of 79.83% which was the main influencing factor. The diversity index of animal communities increased with the increase of soil environmental quality. Heavy metal factors were significantly negatively correlated with the surface arthropod community. Cu had the greatest impact on the surface arthropod community, with a contribution rate of 88.95% which was the main virulence factor.Besides, the animal community diversity index decreases with the increase of heavy metals(Cu, Ni, Zn). The research indicates that with the extension of the Eucalyptus planting period in the recovery area of tungsten tailings, the soil environmental quality is increased. The vegetation migration and community succession in the ecological restoration area promotes the formation of food network in the surface arthropod community, and it plays a key role in the evolution and diversity of surface arthropod community.
Surface arthropods have important indications for soil heavy metal pollution and habitat change in ecological restoration.Different animal groups have different responses to vegetation restoration of tailing, and they regulate the soil recovery process together with plants. However, we do not know enough about the response of surface arthropods to vegetation restoration and the relationship between vegetation and soil environment. Taking 1 year of Eucalyptus forest, 7 years of Eucalyptus forest and 26 years of peripheral Eucalyptus forest as the research object, and the pollution-free Eucalyptus forest as the control, ecological indices and redundant analysis methods were adopted to study the response mechanism of surface arthropod community to soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal factors in different habitats of Eucalyptus forests and surrounding Eucalyptus forests based on survey statistics of soil physicochemical factor and heavy metal factors and surface arthropod communities in four plots.. The results showed that, the number of individual(N), richness(R) and diversity(H′) index of surface arthropods in 7 years old Eucalyptus forest(N=131, R=2.026, H′=1.644) were higher than 1 year Eucalyptus forest(N=40, R=0.701, H′=0.617), but lower than the outer Eucalyptus forest(N=823, R=2.345, H′=1.939), and the index of the control Eucalyptus forest(N=1251, R=2.354, H′=1.947) was significantly higher than that of other sample sites. Redundancy analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and surface arthropod communities. Soil available phosphorus and organic matter contributed the most to the changes of surface arthropod community. The two environmental factors explained 89.67% of the environmental variation. The available phosphorus had the greatest impact on the surface arthropod community, with a contribution rate of 79.83% which was the main influencing factor. The diversity index of animal communities increased with the increase of soil environmental quality. Heavy metal factors were significantly negatively correlated with the surface arthropod community. Cu had the greatest impact on the surface arthropod community, with a contribution rate of 88.95% which was the main virulence factor.Besides, the animal community diversity index decreases with the increase of heavy metals(Cu, Ni, Zn). The research indicates that with the extension of the Eucalyptus planting period in the recovery area of tungsten tailings, the soil environmental quality is increased. The vegetation migration and community succession in the ecological restoration area promotes the formation of food network in the surface arthropod community, and it plays a key role in the evolution and diversity of surface arthropod community.
引文
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LEP J,MILAUER P,2003.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
LI T,LI C Y,YI D N,et al.,2010.Effects of heavy metals from road traffic on the community structure and spatial distribution of cropland soil animals[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,30(18):500-5011.
MUDRáK O,UTESENY K,FROUZ J,2012.Earthworms drive succession of both plant and Collembola communities in post-mining sites[J].Applied Soil Ecology,62(6):170-177.
NAHMANI J,LAVELLE P,2002.Effects of heavy metal pollution on soil macrofauna in a grassland of Northern France[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,38(15):297-300.
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