昆明市星菱背网蝽发生规律
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摘要
星菱背网蝽Eteoneus sigillatusDrake et Poor是危害桂花Osmanthus fragrans的重要害虫,在园林生态系统中发生普遍。采用室内饲养与野外观察相结合的方法,观察分析星菱背网蝽的危害、生物学特性及种群动态。结果表明:星菱背网蝽在昆明市仅危害桂花,若虫主要为害老叶,成虫同时为害老叶和嫩叶,以刺吸方式在叶背危害;该虫在昆明地区1 a发生7～8代,以卵和成虫在寄主叶片和枯枝落叶中越冬,3月上旬始出第1代若虫,若虫5龄,历期约18 d,完成1个世代需43.3 d;其危害期为3—11月,种群数量在3月下旬和7月中旬分别达到高峰。该虫被草蛉捕食的现象较为常见,夏季降雨对其种群数量具有一定抑制作用。
Eetoneus sigillatus Drake et Poor is an insect seriously harmful to Osmanthus fragrans Lour.,commonly in landscape ecosystem.In order to reveal its occurrence regularity in Kunming,we combined indoor breeding and field observation to investigate the damage,biological characteristics and population dynamics of this lace bug.The results showed that E.sigillatus only harmed O.fragrans and sucked the juice on the underside of leaves.Nymphs of E.sigillatus always fed old leaves,while adults fed both old leaves and the young E.sigillatus had 7 to 8 generations a year in Kunming.The eggs and adults overwintered respectively in host leaves and litter.The nymphs of first generation emerged in the beginning of March.The nymphs had 5 instars,and the nymph stage was about 18 days.The whole stage for E.sigillatus was about 43.3 days.The pest would cause damage to its host from March to November,and its population reached a peak in the late March and mid-July,respectively.It was common that the lace bug was fed by lacewings,and its population could be affected by rainfall in the summer.
Eetoneus sigillatus Drake et Poor is an insect seriously harmful to Osmanthus fragrans Lour.,commonly in landscape ecosystem.In order to reveal its occurrence regularity in Kunming,we combined indoor breeding and field observation to investigate the damage,biological characteristics and population dynamics of this lace bug.The results showed that E.sigillatus only harmed O.fragrans and sucked the juice on the underside of leaves.Nymphs of E.sigillatus always fed old leaves,while adults fed both old leaves and the young E.sigillatus had 7 to 8 generations a year in Kunming.The eggs and adults overwintered respectively in host leaves and litter.The nymphs of first generation emerged in the beginning of March.The nymphs had 5 instars,and the nymph stage was about 18 days.The whole stage for E.sigillatus was about 43.3 days.The pest would cause damage to its host from March to November,and its population reached a peak in the late March and mid-July,respectively.It was common that the lace bug was fed by lacewings,and its population could be affected by rainfall in the summer.
引文
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[2]李传仁.中国菱背网蝽属昆虫记述[J].长江大学学报(自科版):农学卷,2006,3(2):116-118.
[3]吴跃开.一种园林植物新害虫:桂花网蝽[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(23):151-152.
[4]翟丽丽,段晓梅,熊桂华,等.桂花在昆明市园林绿化中的应用[J].南方农业(园林花卉版),2009,3(1):73-76.
[5]黄昊.杜鹃冠网蝽生物学特性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[6]萧采瑜,任树芝,郑乐怡,等.中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(半翅目异翅亚目):第2册[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[7]李友恭,陈顺立,李柳.长脊冠网蝽的生物学特性及防治[J].昆虫知识,1992,29(1):36-39.
[8]党凯.中国负板类网蝽(Cysteochila-group)及冠网蝽属(Stephanitis St■l)分类修订(半翅目:网蝽科)[D].天津:南开大学,2014.
[9]KLINGMAN W E,BUNTIN G D,BRAMAN S K.Using aesthetic assessments of azalea lace bug(Heteroptera:Tingidae)feeding injury to provide thresholds for pest management decisions[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2001,94(5):1187-1192.
[10]夏文胜,刘超,董立坤,等.悬铃木方翅网蝽的发生与生物学特性[J].植物保护,2007,33(6):142-145.
[11]肖娱玉,王凤,鞠瑞亭,等.上海地区悬铃木方翅网蝽的生活史及发生情况[J].应用昆虫学报,2010,47(2):404-408.
[12]杨红明,马骏.昆明景观植物鉴赏[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[13]张斌善,张玉琴,付园.杜鹃冠网蝽的防治对策[J].中国花卉园艺,2009(16):45.
[14]GUPTA P R,THAKUR J R.New lace bug Eteoneus sigilatus new species drake and poor pest of olive in India[J].FAO Plant Protection Bulletin,1991,39(4):184-186.
[15]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987.
[16]王穿才,刘万成.泡桐网蝽的发生规律及防治[J].应用昆虫学报,2007,44(5):740-742.
[17]田忠正.茶网蝽发生规律与防治技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[18]张青,张宇.园林植物害虫的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(17):64-66.
[19]卢志华,包颖,李永生.城市园林植物病虫害防治存在问题和措施[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(6):32-36.
[20]高妍.如何做好城市园林树木的病虫害防治与管理[J].现代园艺,2016(4):52.
[21]PE■A J E,DUNCAN R E,ROLTSCH WJ,et al.Natural enemies of the avocado lace bug,Pseudacysta perseae(Heteroptera:Tingidae)in Florida,USA[C].Proceedings VI World Avocado Congress(Actas VI Congreso M undial del Aguacate),Chile.Citeseer,2007:12-16.