我国重点流域城市污泥重金属含量与溯源研究
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摘要
调研了我国重点流域106座典型污水处理厂污泥的重金属含量,并分析了重金属的可能来源。结果表明,污泥中不同重金属按照含量平均值大小排序依次为:总锌>总铜>总铬>总镍>总铅>总砷>总镉>总汞,其中总铬、总镍、总锌、总铜含量超过各项泥质标准限值的频率较高,总镉和总汞超过农用(A级)和土地改良/园林绿化(酸性土壤)标准限值的频率较高,总砷超标频率相对较低,所有样品中铅含量均满足标准要求。采矿、冶金和电镀行业是含重金属废水的主要来源,染料、制革、催化剂、电池、农药、机械加工等行业也会产生含重金属废水;此外,由工业废酸和废弃金属制备的混凝剂在工业废水预处理以及污泥脱水中应用较为普遍,是污泥中重金属的重要来源之一。
Heavy metals concentrations in the sludge of 106 typical wastewater treatment plants in China's major river basins were investigated and their possible sources were analyzed. The results indicated that the average concentrations of heavy metals exhibited an order of Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, while Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu showed high frequency of exceeding the limit set by each sludge standard, and Cd, Hg showed high frequency of exceeding the limits set by agricultural(class A) and land reclamation/landscaping(acidic soil) standards; the frequency that As exceeds sludge standard was relatively low, and Pb concentrations in all the samples were below the standardlimits. Mining,metallurgy,electroplating industries were the main sources of the wastewater that content heavy metals, and dye, leather, catalyst, battery, pesticide, machinery processing and other industries also produced wastewater that content heavy metals. In addition, coagulants produced by industrial waste acid and waste metal were widely used in industrial wastewater pretreatment and sludge dewatering, which was one of the important sources of heavy metals in sludge.
Heavy metals concentrations in the sludge of 106 typical wastewater treatment plants in China's major river basins were investigated and their possible sources were analyzed. The results indicated that the average concentrations of heavy metals exhibited an order of Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, while Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu showed high frequency of exceeding the limit set by each sludge standard, and Cd, Hg showed high frequency of exceeding the limits set by agricultural(class A) and land reclamation/landscaping(acidic soil) standards; the frequency that As exceeds sludge standard was relatively low, and Pb concentrations in all the samples were below the standardlimits. Mining,metallurgy,electroplating industries were the main sources of the wastewater that content heavy metals, and dye, leather, catalyst, battery, pesticide, machinery processing and other industries also produced wastewater that content heavy metals. In addition, coagulants produced by industrial waste acid and waste metal were widely used in industrial wastewater pretreatment and sludge dewatering, which was one of the important sources of heavy metals in sludge.
引文
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[2] 姚金玲,王海燕,于云江,等. 城市污水处理厂污泥重金属污染状况及特征[J]. 环境科学研究,2010,23(6):696-702.
[3] 曹秀芹,崔伟莎,徐铖,等. 城镇污水处理厂污泥中重金属去除方法研究进展[J]. 净水技术,2014,33(2):22-26.
[4] 宋伟,陈百明,刘琳. 中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):293-298.
[5] 郑翔翔,崔春红,周立祥,等. 江苏省城市污水处理厂污泥重金属含量与形态研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1982-1987.
[6] 杨军,郭广慧,陈同斌,等. 中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(13):122-124.
[7] 王淦,彭永臻,侯红勋,等. 中国南方城市污水厂污泥特性研究及处置对策[J].工业用水与废水,2013,44(2):1-7.
[8] 马学文,翁焕新,章金骏. 中国城市污泥重金属和养分的区域特性及变化[J]. 中国环境科学,2011,31(8):1306-1313.
[9] 郭广慧,陈同斌,杨军,等.中国城市污泥重金属区域分布特征及变化趋势[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10): 2455-2461.