连云港市海域海洋倾倒疏浚物的重金属污染及其潜在生态风险
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摘要
为加强连云港市海域的海洋倾废管理和海洋生态环境保护,文章在该海域主要疏浚工程区的49个站位开展采样调查,并采用潜在生态风险指数法,评价表层疏浚物的重金属污染程度及其潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:连云港市海域疏浚物质量总体较好,重金属含量的变化范围和分布的区域差异较小,其中含量最高的为锌、最低的为汞;污染程度最大的重金属为镉,较小的重金属为铬;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的重金属依次为镉、汞、砷、铜、铅、铬和锌,除镉和汞(连云港港区)外,其余潜在生态风险等级为低;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的区域依次为连云港港区、徐圩航道、外航道内段、田湾核电站取水口和外航道外段,除连云港港区外,其余区域的潜在生态风险等级为低;应高度关注镉和汞等重金属的污染状况以及近岸区域的潜在生态风险。
In order to strengthen the management of marine dumping and the protection of marine ecological environment in Lianyungang sea area,49 stations in the main dredging engineering areas were sampled and investigated.The potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface dredged materials.Results showed that the quality of dredged materials in Lianyungang sea area was better in general,and the variation range and distribution of heavy metals content were relatively small.The highest content of heavy metals was Zn,the lowest was Hg,the heaviest pollution was Cd,the smaller was Cr.The potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals from large to small were Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr and Zn,and the potential ecological risk levels were low except Cd and Hg(Lianyungang port area).The potential ecological risk indexes from large to small were Lianyungang port area,Xuwei channel,inner section of Lianyungang channel,water intake of Tianwan nuclear power station and outer section of Lianyungang channel,the potential ecological risk levels of other areas were low except Lianyungang port area.Pollution status of heavy metals and potential ecological risks in coastal areas should be highly concerned.
In order to strengthen the management of marine dumping and the protection of marine ecological environment in Lianyungang sea area,49 stations in the main dredging engineering areas were sampled and investigated.The potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface dredged materials.Results showed that the quality of dredged materials in Lianyungang sea area was better in general,and the variation range and distribution of heavy metals content were relatively small.The highest content of heavy metals was Zn,the lowest was Hg,the heaviest pollution was Cd,the smaller was Cr.The potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals from large to small were Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr and Zn,and the potential ecological risk levels were low except Cd and Hg(Lianyungang port area).The potential ecological risk indexes from large to small were Lianyungang port area,Xuwei channel,inner section of Lianyungang channel,water intake of Tianwan nuclear power station and outer section of Lianyungang channel,the potential ecological risk levels of other areas were low except Lianyungang port area.Pollution status of heavy metals and potential ecological risks in coastal areas should be highly concerned.
引文
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[19]孙同美,王晓亮,陆士良,等.连云港倾倒区沉积物重金属污染现状及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(3):163-169.
[2]刘艳,纪灵,郭建国,等.烟台邻近海域水质与富营养化时空变化趋势分析[J].海洋通报,2009,28(2):18-22.
[3]KANMANI S,GANDHIMATHI R.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site[J].Applied Water Science,2013,3(1):193-205.
[4]CHARRASSE B,TIXIER C,HENNEBERT P,et al.Polyethylene passive samplers to determine sediment-pore water distribution coefficients of persistent organic pollutants in five heavily contaminated dredged sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472:1172-1178.
[5]田慧娟,刘吉堂,吕海滨,等.海洋疏浚物对连云港局部海域生态环境的影响评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(3):414-421.
[6]郑琳,崔文林,贾永刚.海洋倾倒导致生态环境变化实例研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(5):413-416.
[7]ZENG X,TWARDOWSKA I,WEI S,et al.Removal of trace metals and improvement of dredged sediment dewaterability by bioleaching combined with fenton-like reaction[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,288:51-59.
[8]姜重臣,刘蔚秋,郑西来.临时海洋倾倒区对所在海域及其周边环境的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(2):88-91.
[9]霍文毅,黄风茹.河流颗粒物重金属污染评价方法比较研究[J].地理科学,1997,17(1):81-86.
[10]VRECA P,DOLENEC T.Geochemical estimation of copper contamination in the healing mud from Makirina Bay,central Adriatic[J].Environment International,2005,31(1):53-61.
[11]ZHUANG Y,ALLEN H E,FU G.Effect of aeration of sediment on cadmium binding[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,1994,13(5):717-724.
[12]HILTON J,DAVISON W,OCHSENBEIN U.A mathematical model for analysis of sediment core data:implications for enrichment factor calculations and trace-metal transport mechanisms[J].Chemical Geology,1985,48(1):281-291.
[13]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[14]冯慕华,龙江平,喻龙,等.辽东湾东部浅水区沉积物中重金属潜在生态评价[J].海洋科学,2003,27(3):52-56.
[15]甘居利,贾晓平,林钦,等.近岸海域底质重金属生态风险评价初步研究[J].水产学报,2000,24(6):533-538.
[16]FERNANDES H M.Heavy metal distribution in sediments and ecological risk assessment:the role of diagenetic processes in reducing metal toxicity in bottom sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,1997,97(3):317-325.
[17]赵一阳.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[18]杨耀芳,曹维,朱志清,等.杭州湾海域表层沉积物中重金属污染物的累积及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(1):51-58.
[19]孙同美,王晓亮,陆士良,等.连云港倾倒区沉积物重金属污染现状及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(3):163-169.