干旱灌区规模扩张下的地下水位演化特征
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摘要
灌区面积的变化会对生态环境与社会经济产生相应的影响,通过探求沙湾县土地扩张模式下灌区的地下水位动态特征,以达到土地资源与地下水资源的协调发展。本文通过收集沙湾县2002-2017年的土地利用类型面积变化及近10年(2008-2018)的地下水位资料,结合数理统计法,研究土地面积变化与地下水位间的响应机制。结果表明:2002-2017年,耕地面积发生较大的变化,2017年耕地面积较2002年增加8.14×10~4 hm~2;林地、果园地、牧草地面积略有波动,但变化幅度不大。2008-2018年,沙湾县地下水位总体呈下降趋势,其中老沙湾镇小东渠村、柳毛湾镇等监测井下降速率较大,达2.35 m/a、2.52 m/a,水位下降较严重。耕地面积的快速增加导致地下水开采量的增加,是地下水水位下降的主要原因。
Changes of irrigation area will have a corresponding impact on eco-environment and social economy. Through exploring the dynamic characteristics of groundwater level in irrigation areas under land expansion mode of Shawan County, the coordinated development of land resources and groundwater resources can be achieved. This paper, by collecting the data of land use type area change from 2002 to 2017 and groundwater level in recent 10 years(2008-2018) in Shawan County, studies the response mechanism between area change of land and groundwater level on the basis of mathematical statistics. The results indicate that, from 2002 to 2017, the cultivated land area changed greatly, and the cultivated land area in 2017 increased by 8.14×10~4 hm~2 hectares compared with that in 2002; the area of forest land, orchard land and grassland fluctuated slightly. From 2008 to 2018, the groundwater level in Shawan County generally showed a downward trend. Among them, the monitoring wells in Xiaodongqu Village in Laoshawan Town and Liumaowan Town showed a large decline rate up to 2.35 m/a and 2.52 m/a. The increase of groundwater exploitation caused by the rapid increase of cultivated land area is the main reason for the decline of groundwater level.
Changes of irrigation area will have a corresponding impact on eco-environment and social economy. Through exploring the dynamic characteristics of groundwater level in irrigation areas under land expansion mode of Shawan County, the coordinated development of land resources and groundwater resources can be achieved. This paper, by collecting the data of land use type area change from 2002 to 2017 and groundwater level in recent 10 years(2008-2018) in Shawan County, studies the response mechanism between area change of land and groundwater level on the basis of mathematical statistics. The results indicate that, from 2002 to 2017, the cultivated land area changed greatly, and the cultivated land area in 2017 increased by 8.14×10~4 hm~2 hectares compared with that in 2002; the area of forest land, orchard land and grassland fluctuated slightly. From 2008 to 2018, the groundwater level in Shawan County generally showed a downward trend. Among them, the monitoring wells in Xiaodongqu Village in Laoshawan Town and Liumaowan Town showed a large decline rate up to 2.35 m/a and 2.52 m/a. The increase of groundwater exploitation caused by the rapid increase of cultivated land area is the main reason for the decline of groundwater level.
引文
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[2]迪力夏提·阿卜杜萨拉木.基于SD和CLUE-S模型的且末绿洲土地利用时空变化模拟研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.
[3]申树云.无锡市土地利用变化及其对水环境影响研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[4]姚蓓蓓,段德宏.基于决策树分类的土地覆盖信息提取研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(03):372-377.
[5]迪力夏提·阿卜杜萨拉木.基于SD和CLUE-S模型的且末绿洲土地利用时空变化模拟研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.
[6]李新波,郝晋珉,丁忠义等.盐渍化改造区土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响——以河北省曲周县为例[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(05):154-156.
[7]王根绪,杨玲媛,陈玲,洼田顺平,等.黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响[J].地理学报,2005,60(03):456-466.
[8]张喜风,张兰慧,顾娟等.敦煌绿洲地下水时空变异特征及其对土地利用/覆被变化的响应分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(03):311-317.
[9]秦国强,董新光,杨鹏年等..焉耆盆地地下水位下降与灌溉农业关系[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(04):1-4.
[10]田晶晶.基于GIS的耕地整理潜力综合评价研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2010.
[11]魏钦罗.沙湾县地下水资源开发利用存在的问题及发展对策[J].水利科技与经济,2013,19(08):79-80.
[12]阿依苏力坦·麦麦提艾力.博斯腾湖流域土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动因子分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2014.
[13]包安明,刘海隆,陈曦等气候变化与人类活动对新疆玛纳斯河流域水文生态过程影响研究[M].北京:气象出版,2013.