无人机摄影获取单木三维信息方法研究
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摘要
随着无人机航空摄影测量技术的成熟和发展,改变了传统森林调查的手段,加快了森林调查的数字化、智能化发展。为提高单木因子的采集效率和精度,降低外业的工作强度,基于倾斜摄影测量技术,以多旋翼无人机为数据采集平台,实现了孤立单木的三维点云模型重建。在此基础上,建立了单木三维信息量测算法,提出切割法和投影法两种提取树冠投影面积的方法,并提取树高、树干任意处直径、树冠投影面积、冠幅、树冠表面积、树冠体积6项测树因子参数。结果表明:1)树木的总高度和第一枝下高的提取精度分别为96.28%和95.61%,胸径和上部直径的提取精度分别为96.24%和93.78%;2)利用切割法和投影法提取树冠投影面积的精度分别为96.28%和98.24%,提取冠幅的精度分别为89.65%和91.50%,提取树冠表面积的精度分别为96.78%和97.58%,提取树冠体积的精度分别为94.29%和96.14%;3)实践证明,该技术可很好地应用到古树名木的保护工作中,并可对森林调查的方式提供新的技术参考,具有较高的现实意义和实际应用价值。
With the maturation and development of drone aerial photogrammetry technology, the means of traditional forest surveys have been changed and the digital and intelligent development of forest surveys has been accelerated. In order to improve the collection ef?ciency and accuracy of single tree factor and reduce the working strength in the ?eld, a 3 D point cloud model reconstruction for isolated single tree was realized and based on tilted photogrammetry technology, and used multi-rotor UAV as data acquisition platform.On this basis, a three-dimensional information measurement algorithm for single tree was established, and two methods, cutting method and projection method, were proposed to extract projection area of tree crown, and six parameters of tree height, diameter of tree trunk at any place, projection area of tree crown, crown width, crown surface area and crown volume were extracted. The results show that: 1)The total height of the single tree and the height of the ?rst branch were 96.28% and 95.61% respectively, and the DBH and the upper diameter were 96.24% and 93.78% respectively; 2) The accuracy of extracting canopy projection area by cutting method and projection method was 96.28% and 98.24%, the accuracy of extracting crown amplitude was 89.65% and 91.50%, respectively, and the accuracy of extracting canopy surface area was 96.78% and 97.58%, respectively, and the accuracy of tree crown volume was 94.29% and 96.14%respectively; 3) Practice has proved that this technology can be well applied to the protection of ancient and famous trees, and can provide a new technical reference for the way of forest survey, which has high practical signi?cance and practical application value.
With the maturation and development of drone aerial photogrammetry technology, the means of traditional forest surveys have been changed and the digital and intelligent development of forest surveys has been accelerated. In order to improve the collection ef?ciency and accuracy of single tree factor and reduce the working strength in the ?eld, a 3 D point cloud model reconstruction for isolated single tree was realized and based on tilted photogrammetry technology, and used multi-rotor UAV as data acquisition platform.On this basis, a three-dimensional information measurement algorithm for single tree was established, and two methods, cutting method and projection method, were proposed to extract projection area of tree crown, and six parameters of tree height, diameter of tree trunk at any place, projection area of tree crown, crown width, crown surface area and crown volume were extracted. The results show that: 1)The total height of the single tree and the height of the ?rst branch were 96.28% and 95.61% respectively, and the DBH and the upper diameter were 96.24% and 93.78% respectively; 2) The accuracy of extracting canopy projection area by cutting method and projection method was 96.28% and 98.24%, the accuracy of extracting crown amplitude was 89.65% and 91.50%, respectively, and the accuracy of extracting canopy surface area was 96.78% and 97.58%, respectively, and the accuracy of tree crown volume was 94.29% and 96.14%respectively; 3) Practice has proved that this technology can be well applied to the protection of ancient and famous trees, and can provide a new technical reference for the way of forest survey, which has high practical signi?cance and practical application value.
引文
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[3]GAVAZZI B,MAIRE P,MUNSCHY M,et al.Fluxgate vector magnetometers:A multisensor device for ground,UAV,and airborne magnetic surveys[J].Geophysics,2016,35(9):795-797.
[4]H EISENBEISS.A Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV):System Overview and Image Acquisition,Internationa Archives of Photogrammetry[J].Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Pitsanulok,Thailand,2004,36(W1):5.
[5]樊江川.无人机航空摄影测树技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[6]LAMBERT M,UNG C H,RAULIER F,et al.Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2005,35(8):1996-2018.
[7]尹英姬.基于数字摄影测量的森林调查因子的提取[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.
[8]游先祥,李福林,王化昌.森林资源调查、动态监测、信息管理系统的研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[9]于东海,冯仲科,曹忠,等.全站仪测量立木胸径树高及材积的误差分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):160-167.
[10]王伟.无人机影像森林信息提取与模型研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[11]李德仁,刘立坤,邵振峰.集成倾斜航空摄影测量和地面移动测量技术的城市环境监测[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015,(4):427-435,443.
[12]袁修孝,陈时雨.倾斜航摄影像匹配方法探究[J].测绘地理信息,2015,40(6):1-6.
[13]叶荣华.美国国家森林资源清查体系的新设计[J].林业资源管理,2003(3):65-68.
[14]ALBERT RANGO,ANDREA LALIBERTE,CAITI STEELE.Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Rangelands:Current Applications and Future Potentials[J].Environmental Practise,2006,8(3):159-169.
[15]BRUNIER G,FLEURY J,ANTHONY E J,et al.Closerange airborne Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry for high-resolution beach morphometric surveys:Examples from an embayed rotating beach[J].Geomorphology,2016,261:76-88.
[16]CHOSA T,MIYAGAWA K,TAMURA S,et al.Monitoring rice growth over a production region using an unmanned aerial vehicle:Preliminary trial fo establishing a regional rice strain[C].Australia:IFAC Proceedings Volumes,2010.
[17]曹明兰,李亚东,贾树华,等.单幅像片测量技术在伐根测量中的应用[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):18-21.
[18]GAMON J A,SURFUS J S.Assessing Leaf Pigment Content and Activity with a Reflectometer[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(2):56-65.
[19]李德仁,李明.无人机遥感系统的研究进展与应用前景[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(5):505-513,540.
[20]韦雪花.轻小型航空遥感森林几何参数提取研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[21]HUNT E R,CAVIGELLI M,DAUGHTRY C S T,et al.Evaluation of digital photography from model aircraft for remote sensing of crop biomass and nitrogen status[J].Precision Agriculture,2005,6(4):359-378.