太阳辐射降低(遮阴)对小麦产量及矿质金属元素含量的影响
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摘要
为揭示由于雾霾等气溶胶污染导致的太阳辐射强度降低对小麦产量及籽粒矿质金属元素含量的影响,开展了不同程度的大田遮阴试验,分析小麦的产量以及小麦籽粒、颖壳和不同生育时期穗部的矿质金属元素浓度。结果表明:遮阴显著降低了小麦的有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量等产量主要构成因素,导致产量显著下降,在遮阴率为19%和45%的处理水平下,减产率分别达到40.6%和48.2%;遮阴使小麦成熟籽粒中Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca含量增加,颖壳中Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Fe含量也呈增加趋势。太阳辐射强度降低,显著降低了小麦产量,虽然增加了小麦的大多数矿质元素含量,但部分重金属元素如Mn、Cu、Zn含量升高可能会危害食品安全,因此气溶胶污染对农业生产的产量和品质影响须要综合考量。
引文
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[10]马亚琴,石华荣,王彬,等.遮阴条件下叶片非顺序衰老小麦顶二叶叶绿素荧光特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(7):78-86.
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[13]姚允聪,王绍辉,孔云.弱光条件下桃叶片结构及光合特性与叶绿体超微结构变化[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(4):855-863.
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[16]H?kan P.Effects of ozone on zinc and cadmium accumulation in wheat-dose-response functions and relationship with protein,grain yield,and harvest index[J].Ecology and Evolution,2012,2(12):3186-3194.
[17]Li Y,Zhang Q,Wang R Y,et al.Temperature changes the dynamics of trace element accumulation in Solanum tuberosum L.[J].Climatic Change,2012,112(3/4):655-672.
[18]GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators.Global,regional,and national life expectancy,all-cause mortality,and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death,1980—2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015[J].The Lancet,2016,388(10053):1459-1544.
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[20]Maret W,Sandstead H H.Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation[J].Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine & Biology,2006,20(1):3-18.
[21]Luo X S,Wang P.Environmental biogeochemistry of elements and emerging contaminants[J].Journal of Chemistry,2018,2018:1-2.
[22]H?gy P,Fangmeier A.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on grain quality of wheat[J].Journal of Cereal Science,2008,48(3):580-591.
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