植物及土壤碳同位素组成对环境变化响应研究进展
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摘要
植物和土壤的δ~(13)C(碳同位素组成)能可靠记录环境信息,综合反映植物的生理生态特征以及碳循环过程中的生物化学过程,为人们理解生态系统碳循环提供有用信息.因此,研究植物和土壤的δ~(13)C与环境因子的关系可以揭示生态系统碳循环的格局及其控制因子,进而有效预测全球变化及其对生态系统的影响.对植物和土壤的δ~(13)C以及二者的差值(Δδ~(13)C)与气候因子(如温度、降水量、大气压强等)、土壤因子(如C/N、土壤质地、土壤pH等)的关系进行了综述.现有研究表明:C3植物的δ~(13)C与降水量、大气压强均呈负相关,与温度的关系非常复杂,而针对C4植物和在群落水平上开展的研究还较少;土壤δ~(13)C与降水量、土壤C/N、土壤w(粉粒)及w(黏粒)均呈负相关,与温度、土壤pH、土壤w(砂粒)均呈正相关,然而环境因素间的耦合作用使得情况复杂化,多种环境因素的匹配关系究竟如何影响土壤δ~(13)C的机制问题仍有待深入研究;Δδ~(13)C能够更加全面准确地反映土壤碳循环信息,但对其与环境因子关系的研究较少,并且影响Δδ~(13)C的驱动因子及机制也不明确.因此,在土壤-植物体系内,同时在物种和群落水平上,进行植物和土壤δ~(13)C特别是Δδ~(13)C与环境因子关系的研究,能够更加准确地预测和揭示环境变化对生态系统碳循环的影响,这也将是今后该领域的研究重点.
Plant and soil carbon stable isotope composition( δ~(13)C) can reliably record environmental information,comprehensively reflect the physio-ecological characteristics of plants and biochemical carbon cycle processes,and provide useful information for understanding ecosystem carbon cycles. Thus,investigating the relationships between plant and soil δ~(13)C and environmental factors can reveal the patterns and controlling factors of ecosystem carbon cycles,and the potential effects of climate change on ecosystems. In this study,the relationships between plant δ~(13)C,soil δ~(13)C and Δδ~(13)C( the differences between plant and soil δ~(13)C) and temperature,precipitation,atmospheric pressure,soil C/N ratio,soil texture and soil pH were reviewed. The δ~(13)C of C3 plant was negatively related to precipitation and atmospheric pressure,while the relationship between temperature and the δ~(13)C of C3 plant was complex. Only limited studies were available on C4 plants,or mixed C3/C4 communities. Soil δ~(13)C was negatively related to precipitation,soil C/N,soil clay and silt content,positively related to temperature,soil pH and soil sand content. However,the coupling effects of environmental factors suggest that the integrated effects of environmental factors on soil δ~(13)C were worth further study. Although Δδ~(13)C could comprehensively reflect this integrated effect,studies on the relationships between Δδ~(13)C and environmental factors were limited,and the control factors of Δδ~(13)C and influencing environmental mechanisms were unclear. Based on the deficiency of existing research,we suggest that measuring plant δ~(13)C at both species and community levels,soil δ~(13)C and Δδ~(13)C simultaneously can more accurately reveal and predict the effects of environmental change on ecosystem carbon cycle,and this should be the focus of future research.
Plant and soil carbon stable isotope composition( δ~(13)C) can reliably record environmental information,comprehensively reflect the physio-ecological characteristics of plants and biochemical carbon cycle processes,and provide useful information for understanding ecosystem carbon cycles. Thus,investigating the relationships between plant and soil δ~(13)C and environmental factors can reveal the patterns and controlling factors of ecosystem carbon cycles,and the potential effects of climate change on ecosystems. In this study,the relationships between plant δ~(13)C,soil δ~(13)C and Δδ~(13)C( the differences between plant and soil δ~(13)C) and temperature,precipitation,atmospheric pressure,soil C/N ratio,soil texture and soil pH were reviewed. The δ~(13)C of C3 plant was negatively related to precipitation and atmospheric pressure,while the relationship between temperature and the δ~(13)C of C3 plant was complex. Only limited studies were available on C4 plants,or mixed C3/C4 communities. Soil δ~(13)C was negatively related to precipitation,soil C/N,soil clay and silt content,positively related to temperature,soil pH and soil sand content. However,the coupling effects of environmental factors suggest that the integrated effects of environmental factors on soil δ~(13)C were worth further study. Although Δδ~(13)C could comprehensively reflect this integrated effect,studies on the relationships between Δδ~(13)C and environmental factors were limited,and the control factors of Δδ~(13)C and influencing environmental mechanisms were unclear. Based on the deficiency of existing research,we suggest that measuring plant δ~(13)C at both species and community levels,soil δ~(13)C and Δδ~(13)C simultaneously can more accurately reveal and predict the effects of environmental change on ecosystem carbon cycle,and this should be the focus of future research.
引文
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[19] GUO Gguangmeng,XIE Gaodi. The relationship between plant stable carbon isotope composition,precipitation and satellite data,Tibet Plateau,China[J]. Quaternary International,2006,144(1):68-71.
[20]李嘉竹.陆地C3、C4草本植物稳定碳同位素组成及其对温度变化的响应研究[D].烟台:鲁东大学,2009.
[21]李善家,张有福,陈拓.西北油松叶片δ13C特征与环境因子和叶片矿质元素的关系[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):596-604.LI Shanjia,ZHANG Youfu,CHEN Tuo.Relationships between foliar stable carbon isotope composition and environmental factors and leaf element contents of Pinus tabulaeformis in northwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(6):596-604.
[22]冯虎元,安黎哲,陈拓等.马先蒿属(Pedicularis L.)植物稳定碳同位素组成与环境因子之间的关系[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(1):88-93.FENG Huyuan,AN Lizhe,CHEN Tuo,et al. The relationship between foliar stable carbon isotope composition in Pedicularis L.and environmental factors[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryoligy,2003,25(1):88-93.
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