不同施肥管理下水旱轮作水稻土磷含量的演变
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摘要
基于12 a的定位试验研究了长期不同施肥管理下水旱轮作水稻土耕层土壤磷含量及土壤磷素盈亏的演变动态。结果表明,不供应含磷肥料的条件下,土壤全磷及有效磷(Olsen-P)含量随时间推移而缓慢下降,土壤磷素处于亏缺状态;供应含磷肥料(无机肥或有机肥)的条件下,土壤全磷及有效磷含量随时间推移呈缓慢上升趋势,且在供应有机肥的条件下,土壤全磷及有效磷含量上升较快,试验期间土壤磷素处于盈余状态。在本试验条件下,大麦季时,维持土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)平衡所需的磷(P_2O_5)投入量为13.5 kg·hm~(-2);单季稻时,维持磷平衡所需的磷投入量为42.4 kg·hm~(-2);油菜季时,维持磷平衡所需的磷投入量为31.6 kg·hm~(-2)。
The changes of phosphorus in topsoil under paddy-upland rotation was studied through a long-term field fertilizer experiment. It was shown that the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P exhibited a decreasing trend without P supply, and the soil P balance was defect; while the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P exhibited an increasing trend with P supply either in organic or inorganic form. With organic P supply, the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P increased more rapidly than that with inorganic P supply, and the soil P balance was surplus. Under the experiment conditions, phosphorus input should not exceed 13.5, 42.4, 31.6 kg·hm~(-2) in barley, rice, rape growing season, respectively, to meet the crop growth requirement and keep soil Olsen-P balance.
The changes of phosphorus in topsoil under paddy-upland rotation was studied through a long-term field fertilizer experiment. It was shown that the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P exhibited a decreasing trend without P supply, and the soil P balance was defect; while the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P exhibited an increasing trend with P supply either in organic or inorganic form. With organic P supply, the contents of total phosphorus and Olsen-P increased more rapidly than that with inorganic P supply, and the soil P balance was surplus. Under the experiment conditions, phosphorus input should not exceed 13.5, 42.4, 31.6 kg·hm~(-2) in barley, rice, rape growing season, respectively, to meet the crop growth requirement and keep soil Olsen-P balance.
引文
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[3] 张丽,任意,展晓莹,等.常规施肥条件下黑土磷盈亏及其有效磷的变化[J].核农学报,2014,28(9):1685-1692.ZHANG L,REN Y,ZHAN X Y,et al.Soil phosphorus balance and changes of Olsen-P of black soil under long-term conventional fertilization[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2014,28(9):1685-1692.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[6] 袁天佑,王俊忠,冀建华,等.长期施肥条件下潮土有效磷的演变及其对磷盈亏的响应[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):125-134.YUAN T Y,WANG J Z,JI J H,et al.Changes in soil available phosphorus and its response to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(1):125-134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[8] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅰ:21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.ZHANG W L,WU S X,JI H J,et al.Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating strategies Ⅰ:estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China in early 21 century[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(7):1008-1017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[10] 戚瑞生,党廷辉,杨绍琼,等.长期定位施肥对土壤磷素吸持特性与淋失突变点影响的研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1187-1194.QI R S,DANG T H,YANG S Q,et al.The impact on soil phosphorus adsorption characteristics and leaching change-point under long-term fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(5):1187-1194.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 黄绍敏,宝德俊,皇甫湘荣,等.长期施肥对潮土土壤磷素利用与积累的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(1):102-108.HUANG S M,BAO D J,HUANGFU X R,et al.Effect of long-term fertilization on utilization and accumulation of phosphate nutrient in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(1):102-108.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] JOHNSTON A E.Soil and plant phosphate[M].Pairs:International Fertilizer Industry Association Press,2000:27-29.
[13] 王艳玲,何园球,李成亮,等.长期施肥对红壤磷素持续供应能力的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):503-507.WANG Y L,HE Y Q,LI C L,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on sustained P supply capacity of red soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(3):503-507.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,等.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究V:农田养分平衡和土壤有效磷、钾消长规律[J].土壤通报,1996,27(6):241-242.LU R K,LIU H X,WEN D Z,et al.Study on nutrition cycling and balancing of agricultural ecosystem in China Ⅴ:soil nutrition balance and dynamics of soil available phosphorus and potassium[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1996,27(6):241-242.(in Chinese)
[15] AULAKH M S,KABBA B S,BADDESHA H S,et al.Crop yields and phosphorus fertilizer transformations after 25 years of applications to a subtropical soil under groundnut-based cropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2003,83(3):283-296.
[16] SELLES F,CAMPBELL C A,ZENTNER R P,et al.Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(1):39-52.
[17] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[19] GUO S L,DANG T H,HAO M D.Phosphorus changes and sorption characteristics in a calcareous soil under long-term fertilization[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(2):248-256.
[20] 叶会财,李大明,黄庆海,等.长期不同施肥模式红壤性水稻土磷素变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1521-1528.YE H C,LI D M,HUANG Q H,et al.Variation of soil phosphorus under long-term fertilization in red paddy soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21( 6):1521-1528.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 黄晶,张杨珠,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1132-1141.HUANG J,ZHANG Y Z,XU M G,et al.Evolution characteristics of soil available phosphorus and its response to soil phosphorus balance in paddy soil derived from red earth under long-term fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(6):1132-1141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] NIKITISHEN V I,LICHKO V I.Optimizing the phosphate level of soils in agroecosystems of opolie regions of Central Russia[J].Russian Agricultural Sciences,2008,34(6):393-397.
[23] 林葆,林继雄,李家康.长期施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994(1):6-18.LIN B,LIN J X,LI J K.The changes of crop yield and soil fertility with long-term fertilizer application[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science,1994(1):6-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 赵晓齐,鲁如坤.有机肥对土壤磷素吸附的影响[J].土壤学报,1991,28(1):7-13.ZHAO X Q,LU R K.Effect of organic manures on soil phosphorus adsorption[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1991,28(1):7-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 贾兴永,李菊梅.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(6):76-82.JIA X Y,LI J M.Study on soil phosphorus availability and its relation to the soil properties in 14 soils from different sites in China[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(6):76-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 李学敏,张劲苗.河北潮土磷素状态的研究[J].土壤通报,1994,25(6):259-260.LI X M,ZHANG J M.Study on phosphorus of fluvo-aquic soil in Hebei[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1994,25(6):259-260.(in Chinese)
[27] LICKFETT T,MATTHAUS B,VELASCO L,et al.Seed yield,oil and phytate concentration in the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars as affected by different phosphorus supply[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1999,11(3/4):293-299.
[28] 鲁剑巍,陈防,张竹青,等.磷肥用量对油菜产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2005,27(1):73-76.LU J W,CHEN F,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Effect of phosphor application rate on rapeseed yield,nutrient absorption and profit[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2005,27(1):73-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 习斌.典型农田土壤磷素环境阈值研究:以南方水旱轮作和北方小麦玉米轮作为例[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.XI B.Study on the environment threshold of soil Olsen-P in farmland:case of southern paddy-upland rotation and northern wheat and maize rotation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014.
[30] 程明芳,何萍,金继运.我国主要作物磷肥利用率的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2010(1):12-14.CHENG M F,HE P,JIN J Y.Advance of phosphate recovery rate in Chinese main crops[J].Crops,2010(1):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31] 朱文彬,汪玉,王慎强,等.太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的农学及环境效应探究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1129-1135.ZHU W B,WANG Y,WANG S Q,et al.Agronomic and environmental effects of P fertilization reduction in rice-wheat rotation field in Taihu Lake Region of Southeast China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(6):1129-1135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32] 樊红柱,陈庆瑞,秦鱼生,等.长期施肥紫色水稻土磷素累积与迁移特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1520-1529.FAN H Z,CHEN Q R,QIN Y S,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and movement in a calcareous purple paddy soil profile as affected by long-term fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(8):1520-1529.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] TIAN J H,BOITT G,BLACK A,et al.Accumulation and distribution of phosphorus in the soil profile under fertilized grazed pasture[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2017,239:228-235.
[3] 张丽,任意,展晓莹,等.常规施肥条件下黑土磷盈亏及其有效磷的变化[J].核农学报,2014,28(9):1685-1692.ZHANG L,REN Y,ZHAN X Y,et al.Soil phosphorus balance and changes of Olsen-P of black soil under long-term conventional fertilization[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2014,28(9):1685-1692.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 杨学云,孙本华,古巧珍,等.长期施肥磷素盈亏及其对土壤磷素状况的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(5):118-123.YANG X Y,SUN B H,GU Q Z,et al.Phosphorus balances and its effects on soil phosphorus status under a 12-year long-term fertilization[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(5):118-123.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 杨军,高伟,任顺荣.长期施肥条件下潮土土壤磷素对磷盈亏的响应[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4738-4747.YANG J,GAO W,REN S R.Response of soil phosphorus to P balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(23):4738-4747.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 袁天佑,王俊忠,冀建华,等.长期施肥条件下潮土有效磷的演变及其对磷盈亏的响应[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):125-134.YUAN T Y,WANG J Z,JI J H,et al.Changes in soil available phosphorus and its response to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(1):125-134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] DOUGHERTY W J,FLEMING N K,COX J W,et al.Phosphorus transfer in surface runoff from intensive pasture systems at various scales:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(6):1973-1988.
[8] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅰ:21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.ZHANG W L,WU S X,JI H J,et al.Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating strategies Ⅰ:estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China in early 21 century[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(7):1008-1017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] DA S XAVIER F A,DE OLIVEIRA T S,ANDRADE F V,et al.Phosphorus fractionation in a sandy soil under organic agriculture in Northeastern Brazil[J].Geoderma,2009,151(3/4):417-423.
[10] 戚瑞生,党廷辉,杨绍琼,等.长期定位施肥对土壤磷素吸持特性与淋失突变点影响的研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1187-1194.QI R S,DANG T H,YANG S Q,et al.The impact on soil phosphorus adsorption characteristics and leaching change-point under long-term fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(5):1187-1194.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 黄绍敏,宝德俊,皇甫湘荣,等.长期施肥对潮土土壤磷素利用与积累的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(1):102-108.HUANG S M,BAO D J,HUANGFU X R,et al.Effect of long-term fertilization on utilization and accumulation of phosphate nutrient in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(1):102-108.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] JOHNSTON A E.Soil and plant phosphate[M].Pairs:International Fertilizer Industry Association Press,2000:27-29.
[13] 王艳玲,何园球,李成亮,等.长期施肥对红壤磷素持续供应能力的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):503-507.WANG Y L,HE Y Q,LI C L,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on sustained P supply capacity of red soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(3):503-507.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,等.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究V:农田养分平衡和土壤有效磷、钾消长规律[J].土壤通报,1996,27(6):241-242.LU R K,LIU H X,WEN D Z,et al.Study on nutrition cycling and balancing of agricultural ecosystem in China Ⅴ:soil nutrition balance and dynamics of soil available phosphorus and potassium[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1996,27(6):241-242.(in Chinese)
[15] AULAKH M S,KABBA B S,BADDESHA H S,et al.Crop yields and phosphorus fertilizer transformations after 25 years of applications to a subtropical soil under groundnut-based cropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2003,83(3):283-296.
[16] SELLES F,CAMPBELL C A,ZENTNER R P,et al.Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(1):39-52.
[17] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[19] GUO S L,DANG T H,HAO M D.Phosphorus changes and sorption characteristics in a calcareous soil under long-term fertilization[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(2):248-256.
[20] 叶会财,李大明,黄庆海,等.长期不同施肥模式红壤性水稻土磷素变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1521-1528.YE H C,LI D M,HUANG Q H,et al.Variation of soil phosphorus under long-term fertilization in red paddy soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21( 6):1521-1528.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 黄晶,张杨珠,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1132-1141.HUANG J,ZHANG Y Z,XU M G,et al.Evolution characteristics of soil available phosphorus and its response to soil phosphorus balance in paddy soil derived from red earth under long-term fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(6):1132-1141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] NIKITISHEN V I,LICHKO V I.Optimizing the phosphate level of soils in agroecosystems of opolie regions of Central Russia[J].Russian Agricultural Sciences,2008,34(6):393-397.
[23] 林葆,林继雄,李家康.长期施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994(1):6-18.LIN B,LIN J X,LI J K.The changes of crop yield and soil fertility with long-term fertilizer application[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science,1994(1):6-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 赵晓齐,鲁如坤.有机肥对土壤磷素吸附的影响[J].土壤学报,1991,28(1):7-13.ZHAO X Q,LU R K.Effect of organic manures on soil phosphorus adsorption[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1991,28(1):7-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 贾兴永,李菊梅.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(6):76-82.JIA X Y,LI J M.Study on soil phosphorus availability and its relation to the soil properties in 14 soils from different sites in China[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(6):76-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 李学敏,张劲苗.河北潮土磷素状态的研究[J].土壤通报,1994,25(6):259-260.LI X M,ZHANG J M.Study on phosphorus of fluvo-aquic soil in Hebei[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1994,25(6):259-260.(in Chinese)
[27] LICKFETT T,MATTHAUS B,VELASCO L,et al.Seed yield,oil and phytate concentration in the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars as affected by different phosphorus supply[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1999,11(3/4):293-299.
[28] 鲁剑巍,陈防,张竹青,等.磷肥用量对油菜产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2005,27(1):73-76.LU J W,CHEN F,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Effect of phosphor application rate on rapeseed yield,nutrient absorption and profit[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2005,27(1):73-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 习斌.典型农田土壤磷素环境阈值研究:以南方水旱轮作和北方小麦玉米轮作为例[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.XI B.Study on the environment threshold of soil Olsen-P in farmland:case of southern paddy-upland rotation and northern wheat and maize rotation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014.
[30] 程明芳,何萍,金继运.我国主要作物磷肥利用率的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2010(1):12-14.CHENG M F,HE P,JIN J Y.Advance of phosphate recovery rate in Chinese main crops[J].Crops,2010(1):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31] 朱文彬,汪玉,王慎强,等.太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的农学及环境效应探究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1129-1135.ZHU W B,WANG Y,WANG S Q,et al.Agronomic and environmental effects of P fertilization reduction in rice-wheat rotation field in Taihu Lake Region of Southeast China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(6):1129-1135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32] 樊红柱,陈庆瑞,秦鱼生,等.长期施肥紫色水稻土磷素累积与迁移特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1520-1529.FAN H Z,CHEN Q R,QIN Y S,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and movement in a calcareous purple paddy soil profile as affected by long-term fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(8):1520-1529.(in Chinese with English abstract)