农业农村双创工作的成效机制研究
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摘要
[目的]近年来,创新创业的热潮大力兴起,如何对农民双创工作的成效机制进行研究,成为文章研究的重点。通过对农民双创工作中的创业者特征、创业者关系、政策适应与农业农村双创收益机理的研究,找出创业企业绩效演变机理。[方法]收集2017年2—5月重庆24个地区1 855位农民的调查问卷,采用专家评价法对双创收益、创业培训、创业者社会关系和创业政策适应的测量项目进行因子分析。[结果]对农民双创收益的影响因素进行分析讨论,得出学历水平、创业动机、创业风险意识、创业经营模式以及创业培训均对双创收益的提升有促进作用;创业者特征回归分析中R~2值由0.22提升为0.32,ΔR~2的值为0.34,说明自变量对因变量有预测作用;创业者特征对双创收益值为0.329,说明创业者的特征越高,其创业的绩效就越高;创业政策回归分析中R~2值由0.12增加到0.22,ΔR~2的值为0.14,说明自变量对模型有预测能力,且政策越全面有效,对农民的双创收益提升效果越好;创业者社会关系回归分析中R~2值由0.098提升为0.175,ΔR~2由0.175增长为0.433,说明创业者的社会关系越好,农民的双创收益越高。[结论]研究结果说明农业农村双创工作中创业者特征、创业者社会关系以及政策适应可提升创新创业机制的完善,提升双创收益。
In recent years, with the upsurging of innovation and entrepreneurship vigorously, it has become the focus question that how to study the effectiveness mechanism of farmers′ dual-creation work. By studying the characteristics of entrepreneurs, the social relations of entrepreneurs, the policy adaptation, the income mechanism of the agricultural and rural dual-creation work, the mechanism of the evolution of entrepreneurial performance can be found out. Taking the questionnaires collected the information of 1 855 farmers in 24 districts of Chongqing from February to May 2017 as the research object, this research used expert evaluation method to analyze the factors of dual-income, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurs′ social relations and entrepreneurship policy adaptation. By analyzing and discussing the influencing factors of farmers′ dual-income, the main factors concluded that academic level, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial risk awareness, entrepreneurial business model and entrepreneurship training all contributed to the improvement of double-innovation income; The R~2 value was increased from 0.22 to 0.32, and the ΔR~2 value was 0.34, indicating that the independent variable had a predictive effect on the dependent variable in the regression analysis of entrepreneurs′ characteristics. The coefficient of the entrepreneur′s characteristic to a dual-income return factor was 0.329, indicating that the higher the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the higher the performance of the entrepreneur; The ΔR~2 value was increased from 0.12 to 0.22, and the ΔR~2 value was 0.14, indicating that the independent variable had predictive ability in the regression analysis of entrepreneurship policy, and the more comprehensive and effective the policy, the better the effect of enhancing the dual-income of farmers. The ΔR~2 value was increased from 0.098 to 0.175, ΔR~2 from 0.175 to 0.433 in the regression analysis of social relationship of entrepreneurs, indicating that the better the social relationship of entrepreneurs, the higher the farmers′ double-income. The research results show that the characteristics of entrepreneurs, the social relationship of entrepreneurs and the policy adaptation can improve the innovation and entrepreneurship mechanism and enhance the dual-income in agricultural and rural dual-creation work.
In recent years, with the upsurging of innovation and entrepreneurship vigorously, it has become the focus question that how to study the effectiveness mechanism of farmers′ dual-creation work. By studying the characteristics of entrepreneurs, the social relations of entrepreneurs, the policy adaptation, the income mechanism of the agricultural and rural dual-creation work, the mechanism of the evolution of entrepreneurial performance can be found out. Taking the questionnaires collected the information of 1 855 farmers in 24 districts of Chongqing from February to May 2017 as the research object, this research used expert evaluation method to analyze the factors of dual-income, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurs′ social relations and entrepreneurship policy adaptation. By analyzing and discussing the influencing factors of farmers′ dual-income, the main factors concluded that academic level, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial risk awareness, entrepreneurial business model and entrepreneurship training all contributed to the improvement of double-innovation income; The R~2 value was increased from 0.22 to 0.32, and the ΔR~2 value was 0.34, indicating that the independent variable had a predictive effect on the dependent variable in the regression analysis of entrepreneurs′ characteristics. The coefficient of the entrepreneur′s characteristic to a dual-income return factor was 0.329, indicating that the higher the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the higher the performance of the entrepreneur; The ΔR~2 value was increased from 0.12 to 0.22, and the ΔR~2 value was 0.14, indicating that the independent variable had predictive ability in the regression analysis of entrepreneurship policy, and the more comprehensive and effective the policy, the better the effect of enhancing the dual-income of farmers. The ΔR~2 value was increased from 0.098 to 0.175, ΔR~2 from 0.175 to 0.433 in the regression analysis of social relationship of entrepreneurs, indicating that the better the social relationship of entrepreneurs, the higher the farmers′ double-income. The research results show that the characteristics of entrepreneurs, the social relationship of entrepreneurs and the policy adaptation can improve the innovation and entrepreneurship mechanism and enhance the dual-income in agricultural and rural dual-creation work.
引文
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[11] 王宏起,李婧媛.区域双创政策对科技创新创业活动的影响机理.科技进步与对策,2017,34(18):36-41.
[2] 谭明交.农村一二三产业融合发展:理论与实证研究.武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[3] 程凌燕.节能生态农业技术扩散机制研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(4):134-137.
[4] 佟景洋,吴碧波.多区域合作背景下桂台农业产业合作的成效和趋势及对策.农业现代化研究,2014,35(1):62-74.
[5] 谭明交,向从武,王凤羽.中国农业产业在乡村振兴中的转型升级路径.区域经济评论,2018(4):121-128.
[6] 朱红根,康兰媛.金融环境、政策支持与农民创业意愿.中国农村观察,2013(5):24-33,95-96.
[7] 周丽.中小企业创业环境评价模型及实证研究.中国流通经济,2006(10):42-45.
[8] 马海刚,耿晔强.中部地区乡镇企业绩效的影响因素分析——基于结构方程模型的实证研究.中国农村经济,2008(5):56-64,78.
[9] 朱红根.政策资源获取对农民工返乡创业绩效的影响——基于江西调查数据.财贸研究,2012,23(1):18-26.
[10] 吴新慧,黄兆信.新生代农民工创业绩效及影响因素分析.江西社会科学,2013,33(10):189-193.
[11] 王宏起,李婧媛.区域双创政策对科技创新创业活动的影响机理.科技进步与对策,2017,34(18):36-41.