生物质炭对华南典型红壤水分渗透及持水性的影响
|
摘要
红壤是华南地区典型的土壤类型之一,其质地粘重,易于板结,尤其保水性差,易干旱,改善红壤的持水能力对于提高红壤的农业产出具有重要意义。近年来生物质炭被广泛应用于红壤的酸性改良,而对红壤水分特征影响规律研究较少。为了探究生物质炭对红壤水分特征的影响机制,以南方典型红壤为研究对象,设置稻壳炭-红壤的比例分别为0(CK)、3%(RHC-3)、5%(RHC-5)、10%(RHC-10),采用土柱模拟试验研究了生物质炭对红壤水分渗透特性的影响,结果表明,在同一入渗条件下,添加生物质炭处理均降低了土壤水分的入渗率,且随着生物质炭添加量的增加,水分入渗率不断降低,入渗起始阶段水分入渗率表现为:RHC-10离心机法研究了不同炭土比(W0-0;W1-1%;W3-3%;W5-5%;W10-10%)红壤的水分特征曲线,并运用Gardner和Van Genuchten模型进行拟合,结果表明,这两个模型都可以很好地描述红壤的持水特征,拟合系数分别在0.928和0.998以上。当生物质炭添加比例为5%(W5)时,Gardner模型参数A值最大,表明持水能力最强。Van Genuchten模型表明,W5处理土壤饱和含水率最高,随着炭土比增加,α值不断降低,说明土壤保水性增强。从拟合曲线可以看出,在较低的土壤吸力(<1 000 kPa)作用下,各处理含水率下降较快,当土壤吸力为1 000 kPa时,5个处理土壤含水率分别下降了25.86%、38.15%、38.27%、36.88%、31.64%;而在较高土壤吸力(1 000-6 000k Pa)时,土壤质量含水率下降速率减慢,当土壤吸力>6 000kPa时,各处理土壤含水率逐渐趋于平缓,并且在此吸力范围内,W10处理土壤质量含水率最高。另外,红壤的毛管持水量表现为W10>W5>W3>W1>W0。总之,生物质炭添加到红壤后降低了水分的入渗率,添加适量生物质炭可提高红壤的饱和含水率,增强红壤的持水性能。
Red soil is one of the typical soils in South China with the characteristic of heavy texture, low output, easily hardening and poor water capacity. Therefore, it is significant to increase the agricultural output of the red soil by improving the water retention capacity. Recently, biochar is used widely as one new soil amendment to improve the red soil acidity, while there is less research about its water characteristics. This study investigated the effect of biochar application on water infiltration and retention of red soil. To this end, a soil column experiment was set for water infiltration, and biochar was applied to red soil with the rates of0(CK), 3%(RHC-3), 5%(RHC-5) and 10%(RHC-10), respectively. The results indicated that: biochar application greatly reduce water infiltration, moreover, the water infiltration was decreased constantly with the increase of biochar application rates. Besides,a centrifugal model test was employed to analyze the water characteristic curve of different biochar application rates(W0-0;W1-1%;W3-3%; W5-5%; W10-10%). The result corroborated with the predictions of both Gardner equation and the Van-Genuchten equation, with r2 values of 0.928 and 0.998, respectively. The highest value of parameter A of the Gardner model was observed in the W5 treatment, indicated the water retention capacity of W5 was the highest. The parameter α value of Van Genuchten model decreased gradually with the increase of biochar application, suggested an increase in the water holding capcity.The fitting curves of Van Genuchten model demonstrated that the moisture of the red soil decreased rapidly at low soil water suction pressure(<1 000 k Pa). Soil moisture content of W0, W1, W3, W5 and W10 treatments decreased 25.86%, 38.15%,38.27%, 36.88% and 31.64%, respectively at 1 000 kPa soil water suction pressure. At higher suction pressure(1 000 kPa to 6 000 kPa), loss rate of soil moisture decreased. The loss rate of soil moisture flattened at suction pressure higher than 6 000 kPa, with the highest soil moisture measured in W10 treatment. Moreover, with the increase in the biochar application rate, the capillary moisture of the red soil was increased gradually(W10>W5>W3>W1>W0). In summary, the water infiltration rate of the red soil was significantly improved by the moderate application of biochar. The Suitable amount of biochar application can increase the saturated water content and enhance the water retention capacity of the red soil.
Red soil is one of the typical soils in South China with the characteristic of heavy texture, low output, easily hardening and poor water capacity. Therefore, it is significant to increase the agricultural output of the red soil by improving the water retention capacity. Recently, biochar is used widely as one new soil amendment to improve the red soil acidity, while there is less research about its water characteristics. This study investigated the effect of biochar application on water infiltration and retention of red soil. To this end, a soil column experiment was set for water infiltration, and biochar was applied to red soil with the rates of0(CK), 3%(RHC-3), 5%(RHC-5) and 10%(RHC-10), respectively. The results indicated that: biochar application greatly reduce water infiltration, moreover, the water infiltration was decreased constantly with the increase of biochar application rates. Besides,a centrifugal model test was employed to analyze the water characteristic curve of different biochar application rates(W0-0;W1-1%;W3-3%; W5-5%; W10-10%). The result corroborated with the predictions of both Gardner equation and the Van-Genuchten equation, with r2 values of 0.928 and 0.998, respectively. The highest value of parameter A of the Gardner model was observed in the W5 treatment, indicated the water retention capacity of W5 was the highest. The parameter α value of Van Genuchten model decreased gradually with the increase of biochar application, suggested an increase in the water holding capcity.The fitting curves of Van Genuchten model demonstrated that the moisture of the red soil decreased rapidly at low soil water suction pressure(<1 000 k Pa). Soil moisture content of W0, W1, W3, W5 and W10 treatments decreased 25.86%, 38.15%,38.27%, 36.88% and 31.64%, respectively at 1 000 kPa soil water suction pressure. At higher suction pressure(1 000 kPa to 6 000 kPa), loss rate of soil moisture decreased. The loss rate of soil moisture flattened at suction pressure higher than 6 000 kPa, with the highest soil moisture measured in W10 treatment. Moreover, with the increase in the biochar application rate, the capillary moisture of the red soil was increased gradually(W10>W5>W3>W1>W0). In summary, the water infiltration rate of the red soil was significantly improved by the moderate application of biochar. The Suitable amount of biochar application can increase the saturated water content and enhance the water retention capacity of the red soil.
引文
ABEL S,PETERS A,TRINKS S,et al.,2013.Impact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil[J].Geoderma,202-203:183-191.
AMOAKWAH E,FRIMPONG K A,OKAE-ANTI D,et al.,2017.Soil water retention,air flow and pore structure characteristics after corn cob biochar application to a tropical sandy loam[J].Geofisica Internacional,307:189-197.
ASAI H,SAMSON B K,STEPHAN H M,et al.,2009.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,111(1-2):81-84.
BOUQBIS L,WERNER KOYRO H,KAMMANN C,et al.,2018.Characterization of pyrolysis products derived from three biological wastes and their effect on plant growth and soil water retention[J].Web of Conferences,DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/20183702004.
COHEN-OFRI I,WEINER L,BOARETTO E,et al.,2006.Modern and fossil charcoal:aspects of structure and diagenesis[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,33(3):428-439.
DUGAN E A,VERHOEF A,ROBINSON S,et al.,2010.Bio-char from sawdust,maize stover and charcoal:Impact on water holding capacities(WHC)of three soils from Ghana[C].World Congress of Soil Science:Soil Solutions for a Changing World.Brisbane,Australia.Published on DVD.
GARDNER W R,HILLEL D,BENYAMINI Y,1970.Post-irrigation movement of soil water.1.Redistribution[J].Water Resources Research,6(3):851-861.
GLASER B,LEHMANN J,ZECH W,2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal-a review[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,35(4):219-230.
GüNAL E,ERDEM H,?ELIK?,2018.Effects of three different biochars amendment on water retention of silty loam and loamy soils[J].Agricultural Water Management,208:232-244.
LIM T J,SPOKAS K A,FEYEREISEN G,et al.,2016.Predicting the impact of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties[J].Chemosphere,142:136-144.
MOLLINEDO J,SCHUMACHER T E,CHINTALA R,2015.Influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis on biochar's capacity to modify soil water retention characteristics[J].Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,114:100-108.
VILLAGRA-MENDOZA K,HORN R,2018.Effect of biochar addition on hydraulic functions of two textural soils[J].Geoderma,326:88-95.
WONG J T F,CHEN Z,CHEN X et al.,2017.Soil-water retention behavior of compacted biochar-amended clay:a novel landfill final cover material[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,17(3):590-598.
白文波,宋吉青,李茂松,等,2009.保水剂对土壤水分垂直入渗特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(2):18-23.BAI W B,SONG J Q,LI M S,et al.,2009.Effect of super absorbent polymer on vertical infiltration characteristics of soil water[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,25(2):18-23.
杜臻杰,齐学斌,陈效民,等,2014.生物质炭和猪场沼液对潮土水力特征参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,28(1):189-192.DU Z J,QI X B,CHEN X M,et al.,2014.Effect of biochar and piggery biogas slurry on hydraulic characteristic parameter of alluvial soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,28(1):189-192.
房彬,李心清,赵斌,等,2014.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,23(8):1292-1297.FANG B,LI X Q,ZHAO B,et al,2014.Influence of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in rainfed field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(8):1292-1297.
来剑斌,王全九,2003.土壤水分特征曲线模型比较分析[J].水土保持学报,17(1):137-140.LAI J B,WANG Q J,2003.Comparison of soil water retention curve model[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,17(1):137-140.
梁晨璟,李春光,赵文娟,2014.两种方法对土壤水分特征曲线的拟合及比较[J].湖北农业科学,53(1):56-58.LIANG C J,LI C G,ZHAO W J,2014.Comparative analysis of two methods fitting soil moisture characteristic curve[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,53(1):56-58.
刘小宁,2017.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤结构性特征及有机碳组分的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学.LIU X N,2017.Effect of biochar application on soil structure and organic carbon fraction in dry framland[D].Gansu Agricultural University.
刘小宁,蔡立群,黄益宗,等,2017.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(4):112-117.LIU X N,CAI L Q,HUANG Y Z,et al.,2017.Effect of biochar on soil retention ability in dry farmland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,31(4):112-117.
刘祖香,陈效民,靖彦,等,2013.典型旱地红壤水力学特性及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,33(2):21-25.LIU Z X,CHEN X M,JING Y,et al.,2013.Hydraulic characteristics and its impact factors in typical red soil region[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,33(2):21-25.
齐瑞鹏,张磊,颜永毫,等,2014.定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(8):2281-2288.QI R P,ZHANG L,YAN Y H,et al.,2014.Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25(8):2281-2288.
尚熳廷,冯杰,刘佩贵,等,2009.SWCC测定时吸力计算公式与最佳离心时间的探讨[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):12-15.SHANG M Y,FENG J,LIU P G,et al.,2009.On formulas for soil suction and optimum centrifugal time by use of SWCC[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),37(1):12-15.
沈思渊,席承藩,1990.淮北主要土壤持水性能及其与颗粒组成的关系[J].土壤学报,27(1):34-42.SHEN S Y,XI C F,1990.Soil water retention and its relationship with particle size distribution in north anhui province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,27(1):34-42.
田丹,屈忠义,李波,等,2013.生物炭对砂土水力特征参数及持水特性影响试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,32(3):135-137.TIAN D,QU Z Y,LI B,et al.,2013.Influence of biochar soil hydraulic characteristic paramenters and moisture holding properties[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,32(3):135-137.
王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等,2015.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(4):107-112.WANG H L,TANG X Y,ZHANG W,et al.,2015.Effects of biochar application on tilth soil hydraulic properties of slope cropland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,31(4):107-112.
王孟本,柴宝峰,李洪建,等,1999.黄土区人工林的土壤持水力与有效水状况[J].林业科学,35(2):10-17.WANG M B,CHAI B F,LI H J,et al.,1999.Soil water holding capacity and soil available water in plantations in the loess region[J].Scientia silvae sinicae,35(2):10-17.
文曼,郑纪勇,2012.生物炭不同粒径及不同添加量对土壤收缩特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,19(1):46-50.WEN M,ZHENG J Y,2012.Effects of different sizes of biochar and their addition rates on soil shrinkage[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,19(1):46-50.
吴文强,李吉跃,张志明,等,2002.北京西山地区人工林土壤水分特性的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,24(4):51-55.WU W Q,LI J Y,ZHANG Z M,et al.,2002.Soil water characteristics of plantations in the west Mountains of Beijing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,24(4):51-55.
余新晓,赵玉涛,张志强,等,2003.长江上游亚高山暗针叶林土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].应用生态学报,14(1):15-19.YU X G,ZHAO Y T,ZHANG Z Q,et al.,2003.Characteristics of soil water infiltration in sub-alpine dark coniferous ecosystem of upper reaches of Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(1):15-19.
张忠河,林振衡,付娅琦,等,2010.生物炭在农业上的应用[J].安徽农业科学,38(22):11880-11882.ZHANG Z H,LIN Z H,FU Y Q,et al.,2010.Study on the application of biochar in agriculture[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,38(22):11880-11882.
朱蔚利,肖自幸,牛健植,等,2011.两种模型对土壤水分特征曲线拟合的比较分析[J].湖南农业科学(17):47-51.ZHU W L,XIAO Z X,NIU J Z,et al.,2011.Comparative analysis of two models fitting soil moisture Characteristic curve[J].Hunan agricultural Sciences(17):47-51.
AMOAKWAH E,FRIMPONG K A,OKAE-ANTI D,et al.,2017.Soil water retention,air flow and pore structure characteristics after corn cob biochar application to a tropical sandy loam[J].Geofisica Internacional,307:189-197.
ASAI H,SAMSON B K,STEPHAN H M,et al.,2009.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,111(1-2):81-84.
BOUQBIS L,WERNER KOYRO H,KAMMANN C,et al.,2018.Characterization of pyrolysis products derived from three biological wastes and their effect on plant growth and soil water retention[J].Web of Conferences,DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/20183702004.
COHEN-OFRI I,WEINER L,BOARETTO E,et al.,2006.Modern and fossil charcoal:aspects of structure and diagenesis[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,33(3):428-439.
DUGAN E A,VERHOEF A,ROBINSON S,et al.,2010.Bio-char from sawdust,maize stover and charcoal:Impact on water holding capacities(WHC)of three soils from Ghana[C].World Congress of Soil Science:Soil Solutions for a Changing World.Brisbane,Australia.Published on DVD.
GARDNER W R,HILLEL D,BENYAMINI Y,1970.Post-irrigation movement of soil water.1.Redistribution[J].Water Resources Research,6(3):851-861.
GLASER B,LEHMANN J,ZECH W,2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal-a review[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,35(4):219-230.
GüNAL E,ERDEM H,?ELIK?,2018.Effects of three different biochars amendment on water retention of silty loam and loamy soils[J].Agricultural Water Management,208:232-244.
LIM T J,SPOKAS K A,FEYEREISEN G,et al.,2016.Predicting the impact of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties[J].Chemosphere,142:136-144.
MOLLINEDO J,SCHUMACHER T E,CHINTALA R,2015.Influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis on biochar's capacity to modify soil water retention characteristics[J].Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,114:100-108.
VILLAGRA-MENDOZA K,HORN R,2018.Effect of biochar addition on hydraulic functions of two textural soils[J].Geoderma,326:88-95.
WONG J T F,CHEN Z,CHEN X et al.,2017.Soil-water retention behavior of compacted biochar-amended clay:a novel landfill final cover material[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,17(3):590-598.
白文波,宋吉青,李茂松,等,2009.保水剂对土壤水分垂直入渗特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(2):18-23.BAI W B,SONG J Q,LI M S,et al.,2009.Effect of super absorbent polymer on vertical infiltration characteristics of soil water[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,25(2):18-23.
杜臻杰,齐学斌,陈效民,等,2014.生物质炭和猪场沼液对潮土水力特征参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,28(1):189-192.DU Z J,QI X B,CHEN X M,et al.,2014.Effect of biochar and piggery biogas slurry on hydraulic characteristic parameter of alluvial soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,28(1):189-192.
房彬,李心清,赵斌,等,2014.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,23(8):1292-1297.FANG B,LI X Q,ZHAO B,et al,2014.Influence of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in rainfed field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(8):1292-1297.
来剑斌,王全九,2003.土壤水分特征曲线模型比较分析[J].水土保持学报,17(1):137-140.LAI J B,WANG Q J,2003.Comparison of soil water retention curve model[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,17(1):137-140.
梁晨璟,李春光,赵文娟,2014.两种方法对土壤水分特征曲线的拟合及比较[J].湖北农业科学,53(1):56-58.LIANG C J,LI C G,ZHAO W J,2014.Comparative analysis of two methods fitting soil moisture characteristic curve[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,53(1):56-58.
刘小宁,2017.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤结构性特征及有机碳组分的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学.LIU X N,2017.Effect of biochar application on soil structure and organic carbon fraction in dry framland[D].Gansu Agricultural University.
刘小宁,蔡立群,黄益宗,等,2017.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(4):112-117.LIU X N,CAI L Q,HUANG Y Z,et al.,2017.Effect of biochar on soil retention ability in dry farmland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,31(4):112-117.
刘祖香,陈效民,靖彦,等,2013.典型旱地红壤水力学特性及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,33(2):21-25.LIU Z X,CHEN X M,JING Y,et al.,2013.Hydraulic characteristics and its impact factors in typical red soil region[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,33(2):21-25.
齐瑞鹏,张磊,颜永毫,等,2014.定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(8):2281-2288.QI R P,ZHANG L,YAN Y H,et al.,2014.Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25(8):2281-2288.
尚熳廷,冯杰,刘佩贵,等,2009.SWCC测定时吸力计算公式与最佳离心时间的探讨[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):12-15.SHANG M Y,FENG J,LIU P G,et al.,2009.On formulas for soil suction and optimum centrifugal time by use of SWCC[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),37(1):12-15.
沈思渊,席承藩,1990.淮北主要土壤持水性能及其与颗粒组成的关系[J].土壤学报,27(1):34-42.SHEN S Y,XI C F,1990.Soil water retention and its relationship with particle size distribution in north anhui province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,27(1):34-42.
田丹,屈忠义,李波,等,2013.生物炭对砂土水力特征参数及持水特性影响试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,32(3):135-137.TIAN D,QU Z Y,LI B,et al.,2013.Influence of biochar soil hydraulic characteristic paramenters and moisture holding properties[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,32(3):135-137.
王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等,2015.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(4):107-112.WANG H L,TANG X Y,ZHANG W,et al.,2015.Effects of biochar application on tilth soil hydraulic properties of slope cropland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,31(4):107-112.
王孟本,柴宝峰,李洪建,等,1999.黄土区人工林的土壤持水力与有效水状况[J].林业科学,35(2):10-17.WANG M B,CHAI B F,LI H J,et al.,1999.Soil water holding capacity and soil available water in plantations in the loess region[J].Scientia silvae sinicae,35(2):10-17.
文曼,郑纪勇,2012.生物炭不同粒径及不同添加量对土壤收缩特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,19(1):46-50.WEN M,ZHENG J Y,2012.Effects of different sizes of biochar and their addition rates on soil shrinkage[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,19(1):46-50.
吴文强,李吉跃,张志明,等,2002.北京西山地区人工林土壤水分特性的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,24(4):51-55.WU W Q,LI J Y,ZHANG Z M,et al.,2002.Soil water characteristics of plantations in the west Mountains of Beijing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,24(4):51-55.
余新晓,赵玉涛,张志强,等,2003.长江上游亚高山暗针叶林土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].应用生态学报,14(1):15-19.YU X G,ZHAO Y T,ZHANG Z Q,et al.,2003.Characteristics of soil water infiltration in sub-alpine dark coniferous ecosystem of upper reaches of Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(1):15-19.
张忠河,林振衡,付娅琦,等,2010.生物炭在农业上的应用[J].安徽农业科学,38(22):11880-11882.ZHANG Z H,LIN Z H,FU Y Q,et al.,2010.Study on the application of biochar in agriculture[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,38(22):11880-11882.
朱蔚利,肖自幸,牛健植,等,2011.两种模型对土壤水分特征曲线拟合的比较分析[J].湖南农业科学(17):47-51.ZHU W L,XIAO Z X,NIU J Z,et al.,2011.Comparative analysis of two models fitting soil moisture Characteristic curve[J].Hunan agricultural Sciences(17):47-51.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |