我国中部城市环境全要素生产率的时空演变——基于Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数分解方法
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摘要
采用Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数模型对我国中部地区80个地级市2003～2015年的城市环境全要素生产率及其分解部分进行了核算,在此基础上计算累积环境全要素生产率,运用核密度法分析了我国中部城市环境全要素生产率的地区差距和动态变化。研究发现:中部城市环境全要素生产率和技术进步分别以年均1. 39%、1. 85%的速度增长,技术效率以年均0. 02%的速度减少,中部城市环境全要素生产率增长主要由技术进步推动,技术效率出现退步迹象。中部地区环境全要素生产率、技术效率和技术进步率城市间差距在逐渐缩小,中部城市间出现明显技术"追赶效应"。
This paper utilize Malmquist-Luenberger production index to estimate the environmental total factor productivity of cities in Central China from 2003 to 2015 which involving environmental pollutants as undesirable outputs into the production process. Besides,it decomposes ML index as technology change and efficiency change and uses kernel density to estimates the dynamic distribution of ML. Our empirical study shows that the environmental total factor productivity and technological progress index of the central cities are increasing at an annual rate of 1. 39% and 1. 85% respectively,and the technical efficiency index is reduced at an annual rate of0. 02%. The growth of the urban environmental total factor productivity in the central region of China is mainly driven by the technological progress,and the technical efficiency has a backward trace. The gaps of ML,TC and EC between cities in the central region of China have been narrowed and there is a clear technological "catching up effect"between the central cities.
This paper utilize Malmquist-Luenberger production index to estimate the environmental total factor productivity of cities in Central China from 2003 to 2015 which involving environmental pollutants as undesirable outputs into the production process. Besides,it decomposes ML index as technology change and efficiency change and uses kernel density to estimates the dynamic distribution of ML. Our empirical study shows that the environmental total factor productivity and technological progress index of the central cities are increasing at an annual rate of 1. 39% and 1. 85% respectively,and the technical efficiency index is reduced at an annual rate of0. 02%. The growth of the urban environmental total factor productivity in the central region of China is mainly driven by the technological progress,and the technical efficiency has a backward trace. The gaps of ML,TC and EC between cities in the central region of China have been narrowed and there is a clear technological "catching up effect"between the central cities.
引文
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[13] KORTELAINEN M,KUOSMANEN T. Eco-efficiency analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2007,28(1):57-69.
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[16]潘文砚,王宗军.中国大城市环境效率研究[J].城市问题,2014(1):9-13.PAN W Y, WANG Z J. Research on the environmental efficiency of Chinese big cities[J]. Urban Problems, 2014(1):9-13.
[17] HU J L,WANG S C. Total factor energy efficiency of regions in China[J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(17):3206-3217.
[18] HALL R E,JONES C I. Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[19] FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,NORRIS M,ZHANG Z. Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries[J]. American Economic Review, 1994, 87(5):1033-1039.
[20] DONG-HYUN OH, ALMAS HESHMATL. A sequential malmquist-luenberger productivity index:environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progress nature of technology[J]. Energy Economics,2010(32):1345-1355.
[21]程云鹤,齐晓安,汪克亮,等.低碳约束下中国全要素生产率的时空演变——基于Sequential Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数分解方法[J].技术经济,2012,31(9):51-58.CHENG Y H, QI X A, WANG K L, et al. Space-time evolution of total factor productivity under low-carbon constraint in China:based on sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index method[J]. Technology Economics. 2012,31(9):51-58.
[2] CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978(2):429-444.
[3] CHAMBERS R G,CHUNG Y,FARE R. Benefit and distance functions[J]. Journal of Economic Theory, 1996, 70(2):407-19.
[4] WEBER W, DOMAZLICKY B. Productivity growth and pollution in state manufacturing[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics,2001,83(1):195-199.
[5] NING ZHANG,YONGROK CHOI. A note on the evolution of directional distance function and its development in energy and environment studies 1997-2013[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,33(5):50-59.
[6]陈诗一.中国的绿色工业革命:基于环境全要素生产率视角的解释(1980-2008)[J].经济研究,2010(11):21-34.CHEN S Y. Green industrial revolution in China:A perspective from the change of environmental total factor productivity[J].Economic Research Journal,2010(11):21-34.
[7]涂正革,肖耿.环境约束下中国工业增长模式研究[J].世界经济,2009(11):41-54.TU Z G, XIAO G. Research on China’s industrial growth model under environmental constraints[J]. The Journal of World Economy,2009(11):41-54.
[8]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010(5):95-109.WANG B,WU Y R,YAN P F. Environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity growth in China’s regional economies[J]. Economic Research Journal,2010(5):95-109.
[9]王国霞,刘婷.中部地区资源型城市城市化与生态环境动态耦合关系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(7):80-88.WANG G X, LIU T. Coupling relationship change between urbanization and eco-environment of resource-based cities in central China[J]. China Population, resources and environment,2017,27(7):80-88.
[10]郭宇光.我国中部地区城市土地利用效率——基于SFA方法的测度[M].天津:天津师范大学,2015.GUO Y G. Study on urban land-using efficiency of China’s central region—based on SFA method[M]. Tianjin:Tianjin Normal University,2015.
[11]卢丽文,宋德勇,黄璨.长江经济带城市绿色全要素生产率测度——以长江经济带的108个城市为例[J].城市问题,2017(1):61-67.LU L W, SONG D Y, HUANG C. The green total factor productivity of 108 prefecture-level cities of Yangtze River economic belt[J]. Urban Problems,2017(1):61-67.
[12]袁春辉.中国城市环境全要素生产率的估算——基于DEA的Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法[J].经济视角(上),2012(5):31-33.YUAN C H. The environmental total factor productivity of Chinese cities based on DEA malmquist-luenberger index[J].Economic Vision,2012(5):31-33.
[13] KORTELAINEN M,KUOSMANEN T. Eco-efficiency analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2007,28(1):57-69.
[14] BURNETT R D,HANSEN D R. Eco-efficiency:defining a role for environmental cost management[J]. Accounting Organizations and Society,2008,33(6):551-81.
[15] OGGIONI G,RICCARDI R,TONINELLI R. Eco-efficiency of the world cement industry:A data envelopment analysis[J].Energy Policy,2011,39(5):2842-2854.
[16]潘文砚,王宗军.中国大城市环境效率研究[J].城市问题,2014(1):9-13.PAN W Y, WANG Z J. Research on the environmental efficiency of Chinese big cities[J]. Urban Problems, 2014(1):9-13.
[17] HU J L,WANG S C. Total factor energy efficiency of regions in China[J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(17):3206-3217.
[18] HALL R E,JONES C I. Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[19] FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,NORRIS M,ZHANG Z. Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries[J]. American Economic Review, 1994, 87(5):1033-1039.
[20] DONG-HYUN OH, ALMAS HESHMATL. A sequential malmquist-luenberger productivity index:environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progress nature of technology[J]. Energy Economics,2010(32):1345-1355.
[21]程云鹤,齐晓安,汪克亮,等.低碳约束下中国全要素生产率的时空演变——基于Sequential Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数分解方法[J].技术经济,2012,31(9):51-58.CHENG Y H, QI X A, WANG K L, et al. Space-time evolution of total factor productivity under low-carbon constraint in China:based on sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index method[J]. Technology Economics. 2012,31(9):51-58.
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