稻蟹共作模式生态效应研究进展
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摘要
主要从土壤、水环境和杂草防控三个方面,对目前我国稻蟹共作模式下田间生态的研究现状进行了总结与分析。提出了几种目前比较常见的稻蟹共作模式,即有机稻蟹和常规稻蟹两种普遍模式。分析了稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和根际微生物区系的影响。养蟹稻田可以显著降低土壤容重,而总孔隙度及全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和土壤有机质含量都显著增加;显著提高0～10 cm土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、脱氢酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性;土壤根际微生物以细菌为主要菌群,氨化细菌、反硝化细菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌数量显著高于单作水稻;与常规稻蟹相比,有机稻蟹的土壤性状表现更好。稻蟹模式下浮游动植物的多样性和生物量显著低于单作水稻,而水体中溶解氧(DO)明显偏低,硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量显著高于不养蟹稻田。稻田养蟹能够显著抑制稻田4种优势杂草的密度,对于稻田杂草的防控效果明显。
The research status of field ecology under rice-crab co-cultivation mode in China was summarized and analyzed from three aspects:soil,water environment and weed control. Several common modes of rice-crab co-cultivation,namely organic rice-crab and conventional rice-crab,were put forward. The effects of rice-crab co-cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and rhizosphere microflora were analyzed. The results showed that:Crab paddy could significantly reduce soil bulk density,while it could significantly increase total porosity and total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil organic matter content; the activities of urease,protease,dehydrogenase and catalase in 0-10 cm soil were significantly increased; the rhizosphere microorganisms in soil were mainly bacteria,and the number of ammoniated bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria,aerobic azotobacter and nitrite bacteria were significantly higher than that of monoculture rice; compared with conventional rice-crab,organic rice-crab had better soil properties.The diversity and biomass of phytoplankton in rice-crab mode were significantly lower than that in rice-crab mode,while dissolved oxygen(DO) in water was significantly lower,and nitrate and phosphate contents were significantly higher than those in non-crab paddy fields. Crab culture in paddy field could significantly inhibit the density of four dominant weeds in paddy field,and had obvious control effect on weeds in paddy field.
The research status of field ecology under rice-crab co-cultivation mode in China was summarized and analyzed from three aspects:soil,water environment and weed control. Several common modes of rice-crab co-cultivation,namely organic rice-crab and conventional rice-crab,were put forward. The effects of rice-crab co-cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and rhizosphere microflora were analyzed. The results showed that:Crab paddy could significantly reduce soil bulk density,while it could significantly increase total porosity and total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil organic matter content; the activities of urease,protease,dehydrogenase and catalase in 0-10 cm soil were significantly increased; the rhizosphere microorganisms in soil were mainly bacteria,and the number of ammoniated bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria,aerobic azotobacter and nitrite bacteria were significantly higher than that of monoculture rice; compared with conventional rice-crab,organic rice-crab had better soil properties.The diversity and biomass of phytoplankton in rice-crab mode were significantly lower than that in rice-crab mode,while dissolved oxygen(DO) in water was significantly lower,and nitrate and phosphate contents were significantly higher than those in non-crab paddy fields. Crab culture in paddy field could significantly inhibit the density of four dominant weeds in paddy field,and had obvious control effect on weeds in paddy field.
引文
[1] 闫志利,林瑞敏,牛俊义,等.我国稻蟹工作技术研究的现状与前景展望[J].北方水稻,2008(2):5-9.
[2] 陈玥,牛世伟,邹晓锦,等.稻蟹联合种养对稻田生态环境的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2018(3):30-34.
[3] 陈飞星,张增杰.稻田养蟹模式的生态经济分析[J].应用生态学报,2002(3):323-326.
[4] 汪清,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011(19):3948-3952.
[5] 林利红,王延平,王帅.稻田养蟹对水稻土壤理化性质的影响研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(3):43-47.
[6] 徐敏,王武,马旭州.稻蟹共生系统不同水稻栽培模式土壤理化性状和有效养分的变化规律[J].广东农业科学,2013(9):53-57.
[7] 胡宗云,杨培民,李文宽,等.稻蟹工作模式下稻蟹产出与土壤理化性质的研究[J].河北渔业,2015(5):5-8.
[8] 王耀晶,安辉,闫颖,等.不同稻蟹生产模式下土壤腐殖质组成及特性研究[J].土壤通报,2013(2):343-347.
[9] 安辉,刘鸣达,王耀晶,等.不同稻蟹生产模式对土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012(15):4753-4761.
[10] 王昂,戴丹超,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作模式对土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2019(1):76-84.
[11] 佟德利,贺海升,耿志席,等.稻蟹生态种养模式下水稻根际微生物区系研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018(14):305-307.
[12] 佟德利,许璐,于鑫,等.稻蟹生态种养对水稻根际微生物区系的影响[J].沈阳师范大学学报,2019(3):232-235.
[13] 曾宪磊,陆诗敏,刘兴国,等.稻蟹复合模式不同区位浮游生物多样性分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018(12):67-70.
[14] 李岩,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作对稻田水体底栖动物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013(7):838-843.
[15] 张庆阳,吕东锋,王昂,等.稻蟹共作系统对浮游甲壳动物群落的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014(6):834-841.
[16] 汪宏伟,白文贤.养蟹对稻田水生动物种类与生物量的影响[J].科研园地,2014(11):50-52.
[17] 张云杰,王昂,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作模式稻田水质水平变化初步研究[J].广东农业科学,2013(14):16-19.
[18] 王昂,王武,马旭州,等.养蟹稻田水环境部分因子变化研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(17):3514-3518.
[19] 吕东锋,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共生对稻田杂草的生态防控试验研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(8):1574-1578.
[20] 刘圆,马晓慧,李春泉.盘锦稻区稻蟹共养对优势杂草的防控作用研究[J].北方水稻,2019(1):24-26.
[2] 陈玥,牛世伟,邹晓锦,等.稻蟹联合种养对稻田生态环境的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2018(3):30-34.
[3] 陈飞星,张增杰.稻田养蟹模式的生态经济分析[J].应用生态学报,2002(3):323-326.
[4] 汪清,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011(19):3948-3952.
[5] 林利红,王延平,王帅.稻田养蟹对水稻土壤理化性质的影响研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(3):43-47.
[6] 徐敏,王武,马旭州.稻蟹共生系统不同水稻栽培模式土壤理化性状和有效养分的变化规律[J].广东农业科学,2013(9):53-57.
[7] 胡宗云,杨培民,李文宽,等.稻蟹工作模式下稻蟹产出与土壤理化性质的研究[J].河北渔业,2015(5):5-8.
[8] 王耀晶,安辉,闫颖,等.不同稻蟹生产模式下土壤腐殖质组成及特性研究[J].土壤通报,2013(2):343-347.
[9] 安辉,刘鸣达,王耀晶,等.不同稻蟹生产模式对土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012(15):4753-4761.
[10] 王昂,戴丹超,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作模式对土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2019(1):76-84.
[11] 佟德利,贺海升,耿志席,等.稻蟹生态种养模式下水稻根际微生物区系研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018(14):305-307.
[12] 佟德利,许璐,于鑫,等.稻蟹生态种养对水稻根际微生物区系的影响[J].沈阳师范大学学报,2019(3):232-235.
[13] 曾宪磊,陆诗敏,刘兴国,等.稻蟹复合模式不同区位浮游生物多样性分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018(12):67-70.
[14] 李岩,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作对稻田水体底栖动物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013(7):838-843.
[15] 张庆阳,吕东锋,王昂,等.稻蟹共作系统对浮游甲壳动物群落的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014(6):834-841.
[16] 汪宏伟,白文贤.养蟹对稻田水生动物种类与生物量的影响[J].科研园地,2014(11):50-52.
[17] 张云杰,王昂,马旭州,等.稻蟹共作模式稻田水质水平变化初步研究[J].广东农业科学,2013(14):16-19.
[18] 王昂,王武,马旭州,等.养蟹稻田水环境部分因子变化研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(17):3514-3518.
[19] 吕东锋,王武,马旭州,等.稻蟹共生对稻田杂草的生态防控试验研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(8):1574-1578.
[20] 刘圆,马晓慧,李春泉.盘锦稻区稻蟹共养对优势杂草的防控作用研究[J].北方水稻,2019(1):24-26.