经济地理学视角下创新网络与区域增长研究述评
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摘要
创新是引领经济发展的第一动力,创新与区域增长之间的关系成为经济地理学者关注的重点领域。文章通过梳理近年来有关创新网络测度、创新网络与区域增长关系、创新网络作用于区域增长方式等方面的文献发现:网络资本可以弥补社会资本在解释企业创新结网经济价值方面的不足,区域增长呈现出网络化特征已成为学界共识,知识流与邻近性能较好地解释创新网络与区域增长的关系机理。然而,当前研究对社会资本如何促进区域增长,网络资本与区域增长关系模型如何构建,不同类型的邻近性与知识对区域增长的影响有何差异等问题尚不明确,建议重视网络资本对区域增长的作用并实证检验二者的关联,同时还应重视创新网络中企业家精神、创新个体心理行为特征等因素对区域增长的影响。
"Innovation-driven and transformative development" is a national development strategy that has been implemented by the central government of China. Scientific and technological innovation is gradually surpassing the driving effects of investment and an export-oriented economy on regional economic growth, thus becoming the new catalyst for economic growth. The relationship between innovation and regional growth has become an important area of study for economic geographers. As the innovation modality has transformed from single-actor independent innovation to multi-actor cooperative innovation, research on regional growth based on the perspective of innovation networks is a new focal point for economic geographers. This study reviews recent research literature on the measurement of innovation networks, the relationship between innovation networks and regional growth, and innovation networks' effects on regional growth. It was found that social capital may be used to represent informal linkages in innovation network; however, it is not clear whether social capital can promote regional growth. The unquantifiable characteristics of social capital restrict further research. As a computable relational investment, network capital can be used to represent formal linkages in innovation networks and function as an explanatory mechanism for understanding the economic value of firm innovation networks.Innovation networks have a positive role in promoting regional growth, but we cannot ignore the phenomenon of regional innovation networks "local embeddedness" and "over-embeddedness" that leads to regional development"path-locking." An academic consensus has been reached: regional growth is characterized by networking. Extant research has explained the impact of innovation networks on regional growth from different perspectives;knowledge flow and multi-dimensional proximity are widely used to explain the regional growth mechanisms.Spatial proximity knowledge networks are also considered to be integral to increase regional competitiveness,knowledge flow, and proximity by better explaining the relationship between innovation networks and regional growth. However, the substitutive and complementary effects resulting from the proximity of innovation networks actors and the influence of code and tacit knowledge flow on innovation and development must be further investigated. Regional growth is a topic that economic geographers have consistently emphasized; however,explaining regional growth from the perspective of innovation networks differs from other approaches that utilize the perspective of capital, investment, human capital, and related factors. Thus, this approach has important theoretical significance. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism by which network capital affects regional growth by focusing on three basic characteristics: coordination, complementarity, and homogeneity of regional internal and external innovation knowledge. Exploring the influence of entrepreneurship, psychological and behavioral characteristics of innovation actors on innovation networks and regional growth. This study concludes with suggestions for further research, such as empirical research on different types of innovation networks and regional growth, testing and reflecting on the relationship model between the two, and summarizing the general rules of innovation networks effects on regional growth.
"Innovation-driven and transformative development" is a national development strategy that has been implemented by the central government of China. Scientific and technological innovation is gradually surpassing the driving effects of investment and an export-oriented economy on regional economic growth, thus becoming the new catalyst for economic growth. The relationship between innovation and regional growth has become an important area of study for economic geographers. As the innovation modality has transformed from single-actor independent innovation to multi-actor cooperative innovation, research on regional growth based on the perspective of innovation networks is a new focal point for economic geographers. This study reviews recent research literature on the measurement of innovation networks, the relationship between innovation networks and regional growth, and innovation networks' effects on regional growth. It was found that social capital may be used to represent informal linkages in innovation network; however, it is not clear whether social capital can promote regional growth. The unquantifiable characteristics of social capital restrict further research. As a computable relational investment, network capital can be used to represent formal linkages in innovation networks and function as an explanatory mechanism for understanding the economic value of firm innovation networks.Innovation networks have a positive role in promoting regional growth, but we cannot ignore the phenomenon of regional innovation networks "local embeddedness" and "over-embeddedness" that leads to regional development"path-locking." An academic consensus has been reached: regional growth is characterized by networking. Extant research has explained the impact of innovation networks on regional growth from different perspectives;knowledge flow and multi-dimensional proximity are widely used to explain the regional growth mechanisms.Spatial proximity knowledge networks are also considered to be integral to increase regional competitiveness,knowledge flow, and proximity by better explaining the relationship between innovation networks and regional growth. However, the substitutive and complementary effects resulting from the proximity of innovation networks actors and the influence of code and tacit knowledge flow on innovation and development must be further investigated. Regional growth is a topic that economic geographers have consistently emphasized; however,explaining regional growth from the perspective of innovation networks differs from other approaches that utilize the perspective of capital, investment, human capital, and related factors. Thus, this approach has important theoretical significance. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism by which network capital affects regional growth by focusing on three basic characteristics: coordination, complementarity, and homogeneity of regional internal and external innovation knowledge. Exploring the influence of entrepreneurship, psychological and behavioral characteristics of innovation actors on innovation networks and regional growth. This study concludes with suggestions for further research, such as empirical research on different types of innovation networks and regional growth, testing and reflecting on the relationship model between the two, and summarizing the general rules of innovation networks effects on regional growth.
引文
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Boschma R.2017.Relatedness as Driver of Regional Diversification:AResearch Agenda.Regional Studies,51(3):351-364.
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Crescenzi R and Iammarino S.2017.Global Investments and Regional Development Trajectories:the Missing Links.Regional Studies,51(1):97-115.
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Crescenzi R,Nathan M and Rodríguez-Pose A.2016.Do Inventors Talk to Strangers?On Proximity and Collaborative Knowledge Creation.Research Policy,45(1):177-194.
Crespo J,Suire R and Vicente J.2014.Lock-in or Lock-out?How Structural Properties of Knowledge Networks Affect Regional Resilience.Journal of Economic Geography,14:199-219.
曹贤忠,曾刚,司月芳.2016.网络资本、知识流动与区域经济增长:一个文献述评.经济问题探索,(6):175-184.[Cao Xianzhong,Zeng Gang and Si Yuefang.2016.Network Capital,Knowledge Flow and Regional Economic Growth:A Literature Review.Inquiry Into Economic Issues,(6):175-184.]
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D'Este P,Guy F and Iammarino S.2013.Shaping the Formation of University-industry Research Collaborations:What Type of Proximity Does Really Matter?Evolutionary Economic Geography,13(4):537-558.
Echebarria C and Barrutia J.2013.Limits of Social Capital as a Driver of Innovation:An Empirical Analysis in the Contest of European Regions.Regional Studies,47:1001-1017.
Freeman C.1991.Networks of Innovators:A Synthesis of Research Issues.Research Policy,(20):499-514.
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Gereffi G,Humphrey J and Sturgeon T.2005.The Governance of Global Value Chains.Review of International Political Economy,12(1):78-104.
Grillitsch M,Martin R and Srholec M.2017.Knowledge Base Combinations and Innovation Performance in Swedish Regions.Economic Geography,93(5):458-479.
Gulati R.2007.Managing Network Resources:Alliances,Affiliations,and Other Relational Assets.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
高菠阳,刘卫东.2008.我国彩电制造业空间变化的影响因素.地理研究,27(2):375-384.[Gao Boyang and Liu Weidong.2008.Factors Affecting Recent Spatial Changes of the Color-TV Industry in China.Geographical Research,27(2):375-384.]
Huber F.2012.Do Clusters Really Matter for Innovation Practices in Information Technology?Questioning the Significance of Technological Knowledge Spillovers.Journal of Economic Geography,12:107-126.
Huggins R and Thompson P.2014.A Network-based View of Regional Growth.Journal of Economic Geography,14(3):511-545.
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