柏木、马褂木和杉木等针阔混交林结构化森林经营研究
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摘要
以29 a生柏木、马褂木和杉木针阔混交林为研究材料,利用结构化森林经营技术评价林分的稳定性。结果表明:柏木、马褂木和杉木等针阔混交林中树种优势程度最高的为柏木,其次为马褂木;整个林分中的树种为随机分布,林分中林木大多数处于强度混交和极强度混交的状态,其中刺槐、翅荚木、构树和马尾松平均混交度为1,为极强度混交。女贞、黄檀、蓝果树、香椿、和油桐为强度混交。优势树种柏木、马褂木和杉木中,马褂木的平均混交度0. 615,处于中度混交状态,杉木的平均混交度0. 519,处于中度混交状态,柏木的平均混交度为0. 484,处于弱度混交与中度混交之间。林分中翅荚木和构树的平均大小比数为1,在它们所处的结构单元中处于绝对劣势状态;黄檀、蓝果树和油桐的平均大小比数在0. 750～0. 856之间,处于劣势状态;刺槐和杉木的平均大小比数在0. 5～0. 618之间,处于从劣势向中庸过渡状态;柏木、女贞、马褂木、马尾松、黄樟和香椿平均大小比数在0. 25～0. 5之间,处于从中庸向亚优势过渡状态;林分中,天然更新情况均达到了更新良好的等级,林分处于健康稳定的状态,目前不需要经营。结果为柏木、马褂木和杉木针阔混交林经营提供了理论依据和技术支持。
The Cupressus funebris,Liriodendron chinense and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests of 29 a were used as research materials,the stability of stand was evaluated by structured forest management techniques. The results showed that the highest degree of tree species in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests is C. funebris,L. chinense and C.lanceolata. The most dominant species of tree species was C. funebris,followed by L. chinense. The tree species in the whole forest were randomly distributed,and most of the forests in the stand were extremely mixed in intensity and mixed in intensity. The average mixed degree of Robinia pseudoacacia,Quercus griffithii,Broussonetia papyriferaand the Pinus massoniana is 1,is the extremely mixed in intensity,and Ligustrum lucidum,Dalbergia hupeana,Nyssa sinensis,Toona sinensisand Vernicia fordii are mixed in strength. Among the dominant species of C. funebris,L. chinense and C.lanceolata,the average mixed degree of L. chinensewas 0. 615,which was in moderate mixed state. The average mixed degree of C. lanceolata was 0. 519,which was in moderate mixed state. The average mixed degree of C. funebris was0. 484,which was between weak mixed and moderate mixed. The average size ratio of Q. griffithii and B. papyrifera in the stands is 1,and they are in an absolute disadvantage in the structural units in which they are located. The average size ratio of D. hupeana,N. sinensis and V. fordii is between 0. 750 and 0. 856. It is in a disadvantaged state in the structural unit. The average size ratio of R. pseudoacacia and the C. lanceolata is between 0. 5 and 0. 618,which is in a transition from inferior to moderate. The average size ratio of C. funebris,L. lucidum,L. chinense,P. massoniana,C.porrectum and T. sinensis is between 0. 25 and 0. 5,it is in a state of transition from the moderate to the sub-dominant.The natural regeneration of the stand has reached a new level of goodness,and the stand is in a healthy and stable state,and currently does not need to operate. The results provided theoretical basis and technical support for the management of C. funebris,L. chinense and C. lanceolata mixed forest.
The Cupressus funebris,Liriodendron chinense and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests of 29 a were used as research materials,the stability of stand was evaluated by structured forest management techniques. The results showed that the highest degree of tree species in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests is C. funebris,L. chinense and C.lanceolata. The most dominant species of tree species was C. funebris,followed by L. chinense. The tree species in the whole forest were randomly distributed,and most of the forests in the stand were extremely mixed in intensity and mixed in intensity. The average mixed degree of Robinia pseudoacacia,Quercus griffithii,Broussonetia papyriferaand the Pinus massoniana is 1,is the extremely mixed in intensity,and Ligustrum lucidum,Dalbergia hupeana,Nyssa sinensis,Toona sinensisand Vernicia fordii are mixed in strength. Among the dominant species of C. funebris,L. chinense and C.lanceolata,the average mixed degree of L. chinensewas 0. 615,which was in moderate mixed state. The average mixed degree of C. lanceolata was 0. 519,which was in moderate mixed state. The average mixed degree of C. funebris was0. 484,which was between weak mixed and moderate mixed. The average size ratio of Q. griffithii and B. papyrifera in the stands is 1,and they are in an absolute disadvantage in the structural units in which they are located. The average size ratio of D. hupeana,N. sinensis and V. fordii is between 0. 750 and 0. 856. It is in a disadvantaged state in the structural unit. The average size ratio of R. pseudoacacia and the C. lanceolata is between 0. 5 and 0. 618,which is in a transition from inferior to moderate. The average size ratio of C. funebris,L. lucidum,L. chinense,P. massoniana,C.porrectum and T. sinensis is between 0. 25 and 0. 5,it is in a state of transition from the moderate to the sub-dominant.The natural regeneration of the stand has reached a new level of goodness,and the stand is in a healthy and stable state,and currently does not need to operate. The results provided theoretical basis and technical support for the management of C. funebris,L. chinense and C. lanceolata mixed forest.
引文
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[13]江月香.黄山区多功能人工混交林营建技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(11):100-101,148.
[14]林思祖,黄世国,洪伟.杉阔混交林杉木与其混交树种种间竞争研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(2):160~164.
[15]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营方法在阔叶红松林中的应用林业科学研究[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(4):467-472.
[2]侯元兆.林业可持续发展和森林可持续经营的框架理论(上)[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(1):1-5.
[3]陈蓬.国外天然林保护概况及我国天然林保护的进展与对策[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2004,3(2):50-54.
[4]项福生.浅谈森林经营理念与森林经营工作的开展[J].防护林科技,2012,(6):76,89.
[5]袁一超.结构化经营方法和技术在甘肃小陇山典型针阔混交林中的应用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[6]惠刚盈,VONKLAUS Gadow,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007.
[7]LI Y F,YE S M,HUI G Y,et al.Spatial structure of timber harvested according to structure-based forest management[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,322(15):106-116.
[8]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营方法在阔叶红松林中的应用[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(4):467-472.
[9]AGUIRRE O,HUI G Y,GADOS K V,et al.An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighborhood-based variables[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,183:137-145.
[10]惠刚盈,DOWKV,BERTM.角尺度:一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[11]HUI G Y,ALBERT M,GADOW K V.Das Umgebungsmaβals parameter zurnachbildung von best and esstrukturen[J].Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt Vereinigt Mit Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch,1998,117:258-266.
[12]惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波.结构化森林经营技术指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[13]江月香.黄山区多功能人工混交林营建技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(11):100-101,148.
[14]林思祖,黄世国,洪伟.杉阔混交林杉木与其混交树种种间竞争研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(2):160~164.
[15]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营方法在阔叶红松林中的应用林业科学研究[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(4):467-472.
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