放射性污染对土壤微生物量的影响及尾矿优势菌鉴定
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摘要
为构建一个灵敏、高效的微生物监测预警体系,作为矿区污染土壤修复指标。本研究采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定土壤微生物量碳(Cmic)和微生物量氮(Nmic),并利用16SrDNA系统鉴定培养的优势微生物。结果表明:0～15 cm土壤层的Cmic、Nmic整体上大于15～30 cm土壤层,除8号取样点外,其余各点Cmic、Nmic均低于对照水平。Cmic/Nmic值表明土壤中微生物群落结构变化较大,0～15 cm土壤层中细菌数量明显少于15～30 cm土壤层。对U和226Ra的敏感程度表现为:Nmic>Cmic/Nmic>Cmic;分离所得6株优势菌株,经16SrDNA测序鉴定:B1为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus);B2为节杆菌(Arthrobacter oryzae);B3为氧化烃微杆菌(Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans);B4为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens);B5为氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans);B6为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paeribacillus barcinonensis)。结果显示,与对照相比放射性污染土壤中土壤微生物量有不同程度下降,土壤中微生物群落结构变化较大,各点的碳氮比差异也比较明显。
To build a sensitive and efficient forecasting system for contamination soil mediation at mineral area, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were investigated by chloroform fumigation, and the dominant microorganism was studied by 16 SrDNA. The results showed that Cmic, Nmic at the depth of 0-15 cm soil layer was greater than that in 15-30 cm, in addition to the No. 8 sample point, Cmic and Nmic in each point was lower than that of the contrast. Cmic/Nmic showed that considerable changes occurred in microbial community structure, the number of bacteria in 15-30 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0-15 cm soil layer.The sensitive degree of U and226 Ra was Nmic>Cmic/Nmic>Cmic, 6 dominant strains were isolated and tested by 16 SrDNA to be B1 Bacillus cereus, B2 Arthrobacter oryzae, B3 Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans, B4 Serratia marcescens, B5 Microbacterium oxydans and B6 Paeribacillus barcinonensis. The experiment showed that the radioactive pollution reduced soil microbial quantity compared with the control in different degrees,soil microbial community structure had large change, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of each point had obvious difference.
To build a sensitive and efficient forecasting system for contamination soil mediation at mineral area, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were investigated by chloroform fumigation, and the dominant microorganism was studied by 16 SrDNA. The results showed that Cmic, Nmic at the depth of 0-15 cm soil layer was greater than that in 15-30 cm, in addition to the No. 8 sample point, Cmic and Nmic in each point was lower than that of the contrast. Cmic/Nmic showed that considerable changes occurred in microbial community structure, the number of bacteria in 15-30 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0-15 cm soil layer.The sensitive degree of U and226 Ra was Nmic>Cmic/Nmic>Cmic, 6 dominant strains were isolated and tested by 16 SrDNA to be B1 Bacillus cereus, B2 Arthrobacter oryzae, B3 Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans, B4 Serratia marcescens, B5 Microbacterium oxydans and B6 Paeribacillus barcinonensis. The experiment showed that the radioactive pollution reduced soil microbial quantity compared with the control in different degrees,soil microbial community structure had large change, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of each point had obvious difference.
引文
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[21]张林,唐德平,张楠.敦煌莫高窟中细菌多样性的研究[J].微生物学通报,2012,39(5):614-623.
[22]陈明霞,7株深海及南极来源的BrthrobBcter属菌株鉴定[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.
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[2]谢广智,骆枫,林力,等.放射性污染土壤修复方法概述及评价[J].四川环境,2018,37(1):164-168.
[3]王丽超,罗学刚,彭芳芳,等.铀尾矿污染土壤微生物活性及群落功能多样性变化[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(3):25-31.
[4]曹少飞,李建国,韩宝华,等.大面积低水平放射性污染土壤的植物修复研究现状[J].辐射防护通讯,2016,36(1):18-22.
[5]Armando P M,Cristina M,Stefano M,et al.Assessment of soil microbial functional diversity in a coppiced forest system[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2012,62:115-123.
[6]张薇,魏海雷,高洪文,等.土壤微生物多样性及其环境影响因子研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(1):48-52.
[7]张瑞娟,李华,王爱英,等.不同复垦方式对铝矿废弃地土壤微生物多样性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(10):2012-2019.
[8]Landa E R,Uranium mill tailings:Nuclear waste and natural laboratory for geochemical and radio ecoligical investigations[J].Journal of Environment Radioactivity,2004,77(1):1-27.
[9]孙赛玉,周青.土壤放射性污染的生态效应及生物修复[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(2):523-528.
[10]孙建光,高俊莲,徐晶,等.微生物分子生态学方法预警农田重金属污染的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):338-343.
[11]曲蛟,王红雨,袁星,等.钼矿尾矿区蔬菜地土壤中重金属含量分析与生态风险预警评估[J].安全与环境学报,2008,8(2):76-79.
[12]宋卫锋,邓琪,宾丽英,等.外源砷对土壤微生物数量的影响研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(13):2636-2638.
[13]韩桂琪,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):238-242.
[14]陈思,安连英.土壤放射性污染主要来源及修复方法研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2013,1:174-177.
[15]蒋先军,骆永明,赵其国.重金属污染土壤的微生物学评价[J].土壤,2000,32(3):130-134.
[16]Enkinson D S,Ladd J N.Microbial biomass in soil:measurement and turnover in Pbul,soil Biochemistry[M].PBul V.E.B Bnd LBdd J.N(eds).MBreel Dekker,NewYork,1981:415-471.
[17]闫晗.露天煤矿排土场土壤微生物生态特征及土壤质量评价[D].锦州:辽宁工程技术大学.
[18]张涪平,曹凑贵,李苹,等.藏中矿区重金属污染对土壤微生物学特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):698-704.
[19]DBhlin S.Where's the limit Changes in the microbiological properties of Agricultural soils at low level s of metal contamination[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1997,29:1405-1415.
[20]向彬,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2012,34(3):4-8.
[21]张林,唐德平,张楠.敦煌莫高窟中细菌多样性的研究[J].微生物学通报,2012,39(5):614-623.
[22]陈明霞,7株深海及南极来源的BrthrobBcter属菌株鉴定[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.
[23]朱捷,何微,陈晓明,等.湖南衡阳铀尾矿库中微生物分布调查及优势菌鉴定[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(1):108-112.