改性钠羧甲基纤维素加固土冻融性能及损伤机制研究
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摘要
以改性钠羧甲基纤维素加固土法在季冻区边坡水土流失的治理和应用推广为研究背景,基于室内试验,研究冻融循环次数和冻融低温温度对加固黄土和粉砂土体积、抗剪强度、渗透系数和耐久性的影响规律及加固土颗粒及结构在冻融循环过程中的变化。发现在反复冻融循环过程中,加固黄土和粉砂土的体积和渗透系数随循环次数增加而增大,抗剪强度和耐久性随冻融次数的增加而减小;加固黄土和粉砂土12次冻融循环后试样冻胀体积和抗剪强度随冻结温度降低而减小,渗透系数随温度降低而增大,耐久性随温度降低而减小,但减小幅度随温度降低越来越小;加固黄土作为相对细的土冻胀变形更显著,渗透系数变化更明显,而加固粉砂土作为相对粗的土颗粒间胶结作用更弱,黏聚力变化更显著,两者耐久性受冻融循环影响变化规律相似;M-CMC与颗粒间的包裹吸附胶结增强了土壤结构稳定性,使得黄土和粉砂土随水融次数增加试样含水率不断提高,试样体内液态水凝结成冰晶体时的冻胀作用增强,这是加固土团聚粒发生塑性变形甚至断裂变形的主要原因,导致加固土结构损伤劣化,改良性能受到影响;与此同时,由于M-CMC材料的延展性,使得材料与颗粒间胶结具有"弹性"减缓了冻胀损伤,提高加固土的冻融耐久性。
A soil stabilization method using modified carboxymethyl cellulose(M-CMC) is developed to control soil loss of slope in seasonal frozen region. A series of laboratory experiments is conducted to study the effect of the number of freeze and thaw cycles and freezing temperatures on the shear strength,infiltration coefficient,structure and durability of stabilized loess and fine silty sand. Results show that the volume and infiltration coefficient of stabilized soil increase with the increasing of number of freeze and thaw cycles,but shear strength decreases. Volume,shear strength and durability decrease with the decreasing of frozen temperature,but infiltration coefficient increases. The volume and infiltration coefficient of stabilized loess changes more significantly compared to that of stabilized fine silty sand experiencing to frozen action. Meanwhile,the internal friction stress of silty sand changes more significantly compared to loess as the cementation of sand is weak. The durability both two stabilized soil shows similar trend. The coated cementation and adsorption between M-CMC and soil particles make a steady structure to increase water binding capacity. Hence,water content of soil specimens increases subjecting to frost heaving and thawing process. The higher sample?s water content is,the more serious plastic deformation and damage between aggregates is. This is the main reason why plastic deformation and even crack are generated for aggregate. Then the structure of stabilized soil is damaged and the properties of soil are affected. However,frost heaving damage from frozen are released and the durability of stabilized soil was held under the elastic connection between M-CMC and particles.
A soil stabilization method using modified carboxymethyl cellulose(M-CMC) is developed to control soil loss of slope in seasonal frozen region. A series of laboratory experiments is conducted to study the effect of the number of freeze and thaw cycles and freezing temperatures on the shear strength,infiltration coefficient,structure and durability of stabilized loess and fine silty sand. Results show that the volume and infiltration coefficient of stabilized soil increase with the increasing of number of freeze and thaw cycles,but shear strength decreases. Volume,shear strength and durability decrease with the decreasing of frozen temperature,but infiltration coefficient increases. The volume and infiltration coefficient of stabilized loess changes more significantly compared to that of stabilized fine silty sand experiencing to frozen action. Meanwhile,the internal friction stress of silty sand changes more significantly compared to loess as the cementation of sand is weak. The durability both two stabilized soil shows similar trend. The coated cementation and adsorption between M-CMC and soil particles make a steady structure to increase water binding capacity. Hence,water content of soil specimens increases subjecting to frost heaving and thawing process. The higher sample?s water content is,the more serious plastic deformation and damage between aggregates is. This is the main reason why plastic deformation and even crack are generated for aggregate. Then the structure of stabilized soil is damaged and the properties of soil are affected. However,frost heaving damage from frozen are released and the durability of stabilized soil was held under the elastic connection between M-CMC and particles.
引文
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[3]王银梅,杨重存,谌文武,等.新型高分子材料SH加固黄土强度及机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2 554-2 559.(WANG Yinmei,YANG Zhongcun,CHEN Wenwu,et al.Strength characteristics and mechanism of loess solidified with new polymer material SH[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics And Engineering,2005,24(14):2 554-2 559.(in Chinese))
[4]吴淑芳,吴普特,冯浩,等.高分子聚合物防治坡地土壤侵蚀模拟试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):19-22.(WU Shufang,WU Pute,FENG Hao,et al.Preventing sloping soil erosion with macromolecule polymers through simulated experiment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2004,20(2):19-22.(in Chinese))
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[6]张涛,刘松玉,蔡国军.考虑胶结作用的木质素固化粉土边界面塑性模型[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(4):670-680.(ZHANG Tao,LIU Songyu,CAI Guojun.Boundary surface plasticity model for lignin-treated silt considering cementation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(4):670-680.(in Chinese))
[7]BJORNEBERG D L,AASE J K,SOJKA R E.Sprinkler irrigation runoff and erosion control with polyacrylamide[J].Soil Science Society of America,1998,62(6):1 681-1 687.
[8]潘英华,雷廷武,张晴雯,等.土壤结构改良剂对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):37-39.(PAN Yinghua,LEI Tingwu,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamide on soil hydrodynamic parameters[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(4):37-39.(in Chinese))
[9]雷廷武,唐泽军,张晴雯,等.聚丙烯酰胺增加土壤降雨入渗减少侵蚀的模拟试验研究Ⅱ.侵蚀[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):401-406.(LEI Tingwu,TANG Zejun,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamid application on infiltration and soil erosion under simulated rainfallsⅡ.erosion control[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):401-406.(in Chinese))
[10]夏海江,杜尧东,孟维忠,等.聚丙烯酰胺防治水土流失的效果[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(1):70-72.(XIA Haijiang,DU Yaodong,MENG Weizhong,et al.The Effect of polyacrylamide on preventing soil and water losses[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2001,20(1):70-72.(in Chinese))
[11]HELALIA A M,LETEY J,GRAHAM R C.Crust formation and clay migration effects on infiltration rate[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(1):251-255.
[12]NIE H,LIU M,ZHAN F,et al.Factors on the preparation of carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel and its degradation behavior in soil[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part HJournal of Engineering in Medicine,2004,58(2):185-189.
[13]裴向军,杨晴雯,许强,等.改性钠羧甲基纤维素胶结固化土质边坡机制与抗冲蚀特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(11):2 316-2 327.(PEI Xiangjun,YANG Qingwen,XU Qiang,et al.Research on glue reinforcement mechanism and scouring resistant properties of soil slopes by modified carboxymethyl cellulose[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(11):2 316-2 327.(in Chinese))
[14]董晓宏,张爱军,连江波,等.反复冻融下黄土抗剪强度劣化的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(4):767-772.(DONG Xiaohong,ZHANG Aijun,LIAN Jiangbo,et al.Study of shear strength deterioration of loess under repeated freezing-thawing cycles[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(4):767-772.(in Chinese))
[15]倪万魁,师华强.冻融循环作用对黄土微结构和强度的影响[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):922-927.(NI Wankui,SHI Huanqiang.Influence of freezing-thawing cycles on micro-structure and shear strength of loess[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):922-927.(in Chinese))
[16]王天亮,刘建坤,田亚护.水泥及石灰改良土冻融循环后的动力特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1 733-1 737.(WANGTianliang,LIU Jiankun,TIAN Yahu.Dynamic properties of cementand lime-improved soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(11):1 733-1 737.(in Chinese))
[17]FELT E J.Factors influencing physical properties of soil-cement mixtures[J].Highway Research Board Bulletin,1955,108:138-162.
[18]PRUSINSKI J,BHATTACHARJA S.Effectiveness of portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,1999,1652(1):215-227.
[19]KAMEI T,AHMED A,SHIBI T.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on durability and strength of very soft clay soil stabilised with recycled Bassanite[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2012,82(8):124-129.
[20]QI J L,VERMEER P A,CHENG G.A review of the influence of freeze‐thaw cycles on soil geotechnical properties[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,2010,17(3):245-252.
[21]ZAIMOGLU A S.Freezing-thawing behavior of fine-grained soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,60(1):63-65.
[22]ZANDIEH A R,YASROBI S S.Study of factors affecting the compressive strength of sandy soil stabilized with polymer[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2010,28(2):139-145.
[23]ARASAN S,NASIRPUR O.The effects of polymers and fly ash on unconfined compressive strength and freeze-thaw behavior of loose saturated sand[J].Geomechanics and Engineering,2015,8(3):361-375.
[24]LU Y,LIU S,WENG L,et al.Fractal analysis of cracking in a clayey soil under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Engineering Geology,2016,208:93-99.
[25]ALDAOOD A,BOUASKER M,AL-MUKHTAR M.Effect of water during freeze-thaw cycles on the performance and durability of lime-treated gypseous soil[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,123:155-163.
[26]杨磊.黄土抗剪强度特性分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(3):163-165.(YANG Lei.Analysis of characteristics about shear strength of loess[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8(3):163-165.(in Chinese))
[27]邴文山.道路冻害与防治译文集[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1992:157-174.(BING Wenshan.Essays of road frost damage and preventive treatment[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,1992:157-174.(in Chinese))
[28]ALKIRE B D,MORRISON J M.Change in soil structure due to freeze-thaw and repeated loading[M].Washington,DC:Transportation Research Board,1983:15-22.
[29]严耿升,张虎元,王晓东,等.干旱区土建筑遗址冻融耐久性研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2 267-2 273.(YANG Gengsheng,ZHANG Huyuan,WANG Xiaodong,et al.Durability of earthen architecture ruins under cyclic freezing and thawing[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(8):2 267-2 273.(in Chinese))
[30]KV?RN?S H,?YGARDEN L.The influence of freeze-thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate stability of three soils in Norway[J].Catena,2006,67(3):175-182.
[31]东南大学.土力学[M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:46-49.(Southeast University.Soil mechanics[M].3th ed.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2005:46-49.(in Chinese))
[2]徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 297-1 312.(XU Zhangjian LIN Zaiguan ZHANG Maosheng.Loess in china and loess landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics And Engineering,2007,26(7):1 297-1 312.(in Chinese))
[3]王银梅,杨重存,谌文武,等.新型高分子材料SH加固黄土强度及机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2 554-2 559.(WANG Yinmei,YANG Zhongcun,CHEN Wenwu,et al.Strength characteristics and mechanism of loess solidified with new polymer material SH[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics And Engineering,2005,24(14):2 554-2 559.(in Chinese))
[4]吴淑芳,吴普特,冯浩,等.高分子聚合物防治坡地土壤侵蚀模拟试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):19-22.(WU Shufang,WU Pute,FENG Hao,et al.Preventing sloping soil erosion with macromolecule polymers through simulated experiment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2004,20(2):19-22.(in Chinese))
[5]刘松玉,张涛,蔡国军,等.生物能源副产品木质素加固土体研究进展[J].中国公路学报,2014,(8):1-10.(LIU Songyu,ZHANGTao,CAI Guojun,et al.Research progress of soil stabilization with lignin from bio-energy by-products[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,(8):1-10.(in Chinese))
[6]张涛,刘松玉,蔡国军.考虑胶结作用的木质素固化粉土边界面塑性模型[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(4):670-680.(ZHANG Tao,LIU Songyu,CAI Guojun.Boundary surface plasticity model for lignin-treated silt considering cementation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(4):670-680.(in Chinese))
[7]BJORNEBERG D L,AASE J K,SOJKA R E.Sprinkler irrigation runoff and erosion control with polyacrylamide[J].Soil Science Society of America,1998,62(6):1 681-1 687.
[8]潘英华,雷廷武,张晴雯,等.土壤结构改良剂对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):37-39.(PAN Yinghua,LEI Tingwu,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamide on soil hydrodynamic parameters[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(4):37-39.(in Chinese))
[9]雷廷武,唐泽军,张晴雯,等.聚丙烯酰胺增加土壤降雨入渗减少侵蚀的模拟试验研究Ⅱ.侵蚀[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):401-406.(LEI Tingwu,TANG Zejun,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamid application on infiltration and soil erosion under simulated rainfallsⅡ.erosion control[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):401-406.(in Chinese))
[10]夏海江,杜尧东,孟维忠,等.聚丙烯酰胺防治水土流失的效果[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(1):70-72.(XIA Haijiang,DU Yaodong,MENG Weizhong,et al.The Effect of polyacrylamide on preventing soil and water losses[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2001,20(1):70-72.(in Chinese))
[11]HELALIA A M,LETEY J,GRAHAM R C.Crust formation and clay migration effects on infiltration rate[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(1):251-255.
[12]NIE H,LIU M,ZHAN F,et al.Factors on the preparation of carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel and its degradation behavior in soil[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part HJournal of Engineering in Medicine,2004,58(2):185-189.
[13]裴向军,杨晴雯,许强,等.改性钠羧甲基纤维素胶结固化土质边坡机制与抗冲蚀特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(11):2 316-2 327.(PEI Xiangjun,YANG Qingwen,XU Qiang,et al.Research on glue reinforcement mechanism and scouring resistant properties of soil slopes by modified carboxymethyl cellulose[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(11):2 316-2 327.(in Chinese))
[14]董晓宏,张爱军,连江波,等.反复冻融下黄土抗剪强度劣化的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(4):767-772.(DONG Xiaohong,ZHANG Aijun,LIAN Jiangbo,et al.Study of shear strength deterioration of loess under repeated freezing-thawing cycles[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(4):767-772.(in Chinese))
[15]倪万魁,师华强.冻融循环作用对黄土微结构和强度的影响[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):922-927.(NI Wankui,SHI Huanqiang.Influence of freezing-thawing cycles on micro-structure and shear strength of loess[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):922-927.(in Chinese))
[16]王天亮,刘建坤,田亚护.水泥及石灰改良土冻融循环后的动力特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1 733-1 737.(WANGTianliang,LIU Jiankun,TIAN Yahu.Dynamic properties of cementand lime-improved soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(11):1 733-1 737.(in Chinese))
[17]FELT E J.Factors influencing physical properties of soil-cement mixtures[J].Highway Research Board Bulletin,1955,108:138-162.
[18]PRUSINSKI J,BHATTACHARJA S.Effectiveness of portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,1999,1652(1):215-227.
[19]KAMEI T,AHMED A,SHIBI T.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on durability and strength of very soft clay soil stabilised with recycled Bassanite[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2012,82(8):124-129.
[20]QI J L,VERMEER P A,CHENG G.A review of the influence of freeze‐thaw cycles on soil geotechnical properties[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,2010,17(3):245-252.
[21]ZAIMOGLU A S.Freezing-thawing behavior of fine-grained soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,60(1):63-65.
[22]ZANDIEH A R,YASROBI S S.Study of factors affecting the compressive strength of sandy soil stabilized with polymer[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2010,28(2):139-145.
[23]ARASAN S,NASIRPUR O.The effects of polymers and fly ash on unconfined compressive strength and freeze-thaw behavior of loose saturated sand[J].Geomechanics and Engineering,2015,8(3):361-375.
[24]LU Y,LIU S,WENG L,et al.Fractal analysis of cracking in a clayey soil under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Engineering Geology,2016,208:93-99.
[25]ALDAOOD A,BOUASKER M,AL-MUKHTAR M.Effect of water during freeze-thaw cycles on the performance and durability of lime-treated gypseous soil[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,123:155-163.
[26]杨磊.黄土抗剪强度特性分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(3):163-165.(YANG Lei.Analysis of characteristics about shear strength of loess[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8(3):163-165.(in Chinese))
[27]邴文山.道路冻害与防治译文集[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1992:157-174.(BING Wenshan.Essays of road frost damage and preventive treatment[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,1992:157-174.(in Chinese))
[28]ALKIRE B D,MORRISON J M.Change in soil structure due to freeze-thaw and repeated loading[M].Washington,DC:Transportation Research Board,1983:15-22.
[29]严耿升,张虎元,王晓东,等.干旱区土建筑遗址冻融耐久性研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2 267-2 273.(YANG Gengsheng,ZHANG Huyuan,WANG Xiaodong,et al.Durability of earthen architecture ruins under cyclic freezing and thawing[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(8):2 267-2 273.(in Chinese))
[30]KV?RN?S H,?YGARDEN L.The influence of freeze-thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate stability of three soils in Norway[J].Catena,2006,67(3):175-182.
[31]东南大学.土力学[M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:46-49.(Southeast University.Soil mechanics[M].3th ed.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2005:46-49.(in Chinese))
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