维吾尔传统医药相关知识居民认知情况分析
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摘要
维吾尔传统医药相关知识是我国少数民族生物多样性相关传统知识的重要组成部分,是维吾尔族人民在长期的生产生活实践和对抗疾病的过程中所总结出的知识经验、医学理论等.本文以三种维吾尔药用植物为例,在新疆鄯善和伊宁两地发放问卷,调查当地居民对维吾尔医药相关知识的认知情况.结果显示:(1)对维吾尔传统医药知识的认知程度较高的是35～54岁的维吾尔族居民,小于24岁和大于65岁的居民对传统医药不甚关心;(2)新疆阿魏除文献记载具有消积杀虫的功效之外,维吾尔医在临床上多用来治疗风湿疾病;伊犁贝母虽然是常见的维吾尔药材,但其知名度很低;刺山柑对当地居民来说十分熟悉,家庭日常会用来泡酒祛风湿.(3)维吾尔药用生物资源的减少使得传统医药相关知识也面临极大威胁,本文对此提出了几点建议,以便更好地利用与传承维吾尔传统医药知识.
The Uygur traditional medicine is an important part of the traditional knowledge of ethnic groups related to biodiversity in China, and it is the experienced medicine with special theory summarized by Uygur people in their long-term practice of living, producing and fighting against diseases. Taking three Uygur medicinal plants as examples, we investigated local residents' knowledge of Uygur medicine by using questionnaires in Shanshan and Yining, Xinjiang Autonomous region. The results show that:(1) Uygur people aged 35-54 years have a higher cognitive level of Uygur traditional medicine knowledge, while residents aged less than 24 years and older than 65 years pay little attention to traditional medicine.(2) Besides the efficacy of removing parasites to eliminate accumulation recorded in literature, Ferula sinkiangensis is often used in clinic to treat rheumatic diseases by Uygur doctor; Although Fritillaria pallidiflora is a common Uygur medicine, its popularity is very low; Capparis spinosa is familiar to local residents, and usually used to steep in the liqueur for expelling wind-damp by the ordinary family.(3) The reduction of Uygur medicinal biological resources has also caused great threats to traditional medicine knowledge. Based on the analysis of the investigation, we offer several suggestions for better utilization and inheritance of Uygur traditional medicine knowledge.
The Uygur traditional medicine is an important part of the traditional knowledge of ethnic groups related to biodiversity in China, and it is the experienced medicine with special theory summarized by Uygur people in their long-term practice of living, producing and fighting against diseases. Taking three Uygur medicinal plants as examples, we investigated local residents' knowledge of Uygur medicine by using questionnaires in Shanshan and Yining, Xinjiang Autonomous region. The results show that:(1) Uygur people aged 35-54 years have a higher cognitive level of Uygur traditional medicine knowledge, while residents aged less than 24 years and older than 65 years pay little attention to traditional medicine.(2) Besides the efficacy of removing parasites to eliminate accumulation recorded in literature, Ferula sinkiangensis is often used in clinic to treat rheumatic diseases by Uygur doctor; Although Fritillaria pallidiflora is a common Uygur medicine, its popularity is very low; Capparis spinosa is familiar to local residents, and usually used to steep in the liqueur for expelling wind-damp by the ordinary family.(3) The reduction of Uygur medicinal biological resources has also caused great threats to traditional medicine knowledge. Based on the analysis of the investigation, we offer several suggestions for better utilization and inheritance of Uygur traditional medicine knowledge.
引文
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[4] 初雨,潘晓玲.新疆药用资源植物及其开发利用现状[J].中国野生植物资源,2001,20(1):21-23.
[5] 索菲娅,陈世忠.维吾尔药的现状及发展[C]// 第八届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会与第五届全国药用植物和植物药学学术研讨会论文集.2005.
[6] 黎耀东,付淑媛,何江,等.新疆特有药用植物新疆阿魏资源现状与分析[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(6):714-717.
[7] 王文捷,尚玉红,敬松.新疆阿魏资源的保护及其开发[J].首都食品与医药,2005,12(6):45-46.
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[10] 王海燕,李亚娟,董志芳.伊犁贝母药用资源研究现状与开发前景[J].生物资源,2018(4).
[11] 陈小钧.新疆特色植物——刺山柑[J].新疆林业,2013,(6):26-26.
[12] 卫生部药品生物制品检定所,云南省药品检验所.中国民族药志(第一卷)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[13] 茹仙古丽·依明,何江,刘冲,等.新疆伊宁县重点、濒危药用植物资源现状与分析[J].中国医药工业杂志,2013,44(3):310-313.
[14] 赵文华.浅论维族医药的传承、挖掘与发展[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2012,(9):1049-1050.
[15] 吉腾飞,沙也夫.新疆药用植物资源和民族药概况[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(2):99-102.
[16] 吐尔洪·艾买尔.新疆种植栽培维吾尔医药用植物的意义、自然优势和生态因素初探[J].中国民族医药杂志,2006,12(4):34-36.
[17] 凯赛尔·阿不都克热木.维吾尔医药自治区级和国家级非物质文化遗产保护项目的保护现状及对策[C]// 世界中医药学会联合会中医药传统知识保护研究专业委员会第一届学术年会暨中国中医科学院第二届中医药文化论坛论文集.2013.
[2] 薛达元.民族地区生物多样性相关传统知识的保护战略[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2008,17(4):10-16.
[3] 邢学梅,蔡李玲.新疆药用植物资源及栽培现状研究[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2013,15(1):25-26.
[4] 初雨,潘晓玲.新疆药用资源植物及其开发利用现状[J].中国野生植物资源,2001,20(1):21-23.
[5] 索菲娅,陈世忠.维吾尔药的现状及发展[C]// 第八届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会与第五届全国药用植物和植物药学学术研讨会论文集.2005.
[6] 黎耀东,付淑媛,何江,等.新疆特有药用植物新疆阿魏资源现状与分析[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(6):714-717.
[7] 王文捷,尚玉红,敬松.新疆阿魏资源的保护及其开发[J].首都食品与医药,2005,12(6):45-46.
[8] 刘勇民.维吾尔药志:上册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1999.
[9] 中国科学院植物研究所.植物红皮书———稀有濒危植物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[10] 王海燕,李亚娟,董志芳.伊犁贝母药用资源研究现状与开发前景[J].生物资源,2018(4).
[11] 陈小钧.新疆特色植物——刺山柑[J].新疆林业,2013,(6):26-26.
[12] 卫生部药品生物制品检定所,云南省药品检验所.中国民族药志(第一卷)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[13] 茹仙古丽·依明,何江,刘冲,等.新疆伊宁县重点、濒危药用植物资源现状与分析[J].中国医药工业杂志,2013,44(3):310-313.
[14] 赵文华.浅论维族医药的传承、挖掘与发展[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2012,(9):1049-1050.
[15] 吉腾飞,沙也夫.新疆药用植物资源和民族药概况[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(2):99-102.
[16] 吐尔洪·艾买尔.新疆种植栽培维吾尔医药用植物的意义、自然优势和生态因素初探[J].中国民族医药杂志,2006,12(4):34-36.
[17] 凯赛尔·阿不都克热木.维吾尔医药自治区级和国家级非物质文化遗产保护项目的保护现状及对策[C]// 世界中医药学会联合会中医药传统知识保护研究专业委员会第一届学术年会暨中国中医科学院第二届中医药文化论坛论文集.2013.
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