菜籽饼堆肥对水稻土壤Cd有效性及Cd在水稻全生育期转运与累积的影响
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摘要
为研究菜籽饼堆肥对土壤Cd有效性和在水稻体内迁移转运与累积的影响,在Cd污染(Cd=0.72 mg/kg)土壤中施用不同添加量(0.75%,1.5%,3.0%)的菜籽饼堆肥,以未添加菜籽饼堆肥为对照(CK),并进行水稻盆栽种植试验。结果表明:(1)菜籽饼堆肥进入稻田土壤后会显著降低土壤中TCLP提取态Cd含量,在熟化期施用0.75%～3.0%的菜籽饼堆肥,与对照相比土壤TCLP提取态Cd含量下降了45.1%～68.7%。但水稻的种植会影响菜籽饼堆肥对土壤中TCLP提取态Cd含量的降低效果,使其含量随着水稻生育期的延长逐渐上升,但仍低于同时期的对照土壤。(2)施用菜籽饼堆肥能显著提高水稻产量,但同时也增加水稻糙米中Cd含量。与对照相比,施用0.75%～3.0%的菜籽饼堆肥,水稻糙米中Cd含量为0.04～0.14 mg/kg,低于国家食品中污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2012, Cd<0.2 mg/kg)。同时,每株水稻产量分别增加3.6～4.3 g/株,约为1 620～1 935 kg/hm~2。(3)施用菜籽饼堆肥会提高Cd在水稻体内的转运能力,同时显著提高水稻成熟期各部位Cd累积量,特别是地上部分。总体来说,施用菜籽饼堆肥增加水稻糙米中Cd含量,但依然保持在较低水平,满足中轻度Cd污染地区水稻的安全生产。但在Cd污染程度更高或者土壤Cd活性更强的土壤中施用菜籽饼堆肥,种植水稻糙米Cd含量可能高于国家食品中污染物限量标准。因此,在保证稻米安全的前提下对Cd污染稻田应该谨慎施用菜籽饼堆肥。
The effects of rapeseed cake compost(RSC) on Cd availability in soil and its accumulation in different rice tissues were investigated using a pot experiment in this study. In order to provide reference for the safe production of moderately Cd-contaminated fields, RSC was applied to a Cd contaminated paddy soils(Cd = 0.72 mg/kg) with different rates of 0, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3.0% respectively, and then rice plants(Xiangwanxian 12#) were cultivated. The results showed that:(1) The application of RSC resulted in a sharp decrease in the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentration. Compared with CK treatment, the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentrations decreased by 45.1%～68.7% after 0.75%～3.0 % RSC application. However, the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentrations in the amended soil gradually increased during the rice growing period.(2) RSC was an effective organic fertilizer for increasing rice yield, but the total Cd concentrations in rice grain were also increased. Compared with CK treatment, when the 0.75%～3.0% RSC was applied, the total Cd concentrations in rice grain were 0.04～0.14 mg/kg, which met the national limit of Cd in food(GB 2762—2012, Cd<0.2 mg/kg). The rice yield was increased by 3.6～4.3 g/pant, 1 620～1 935 kg/hm~2 approximately.(3) The application of RSC increased Cd transport from root to shoot and significant raised the amount of Cd accumulated in rice plant, especially in the aerial part. In general, in the present study, the application of RSC increased the total Cd concentrations in rice grain. And it still remained at a low level, could meet the safety production of rice in Cd moderately pollution area. However, if RSC was applied to soil with higher Cd pollution level or higher Cd bioavailability, the total Cd concentrations in rice grain might be higher than the national limit of Cd in food. Therefore, we suggested that the application of RSC should be more prudent for the Cd-contaminated fields for the premise of ensuring rice safety production.
The effects of rapeseed cake compost(RSC) on Cd availability in soil and its accumulation in different rice tissues were investigated using a pot experiment in this study. In order to provide reference for the safe production of moderately Cd-contaminated fields, RSC was applied to a Cd contaminated paddy soils(Cd = 0.72 mg/kg) with different rates of 0, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3.0% respectively, and then rice plants(Xiangwanxian 12#) were cultivated. The results showed that:(1) The application of RSC resulted in a sharp decrease in the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentration. Compared with CK treatment, the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentrations decreased by 45.1%～68.7% after 0.75%～3.0 % RSC application. However, the soil TCLP-extractable Cd concentrations in the amended soil gradually increased during the rice growing period.(2) RSC was an effective organic fertilizer for increasing rice yield, but the total Cd concentrations in rice grain were also increased. Compared with CK treatment, when the 0.75%～3.0% RSC was applied, the total Cd concentrations in rice grain were 0.04～0.14 mg/kg, which met the national limit of Cd in food(GB 2762—2012, Cd<0.2 mg/kg). The rice yield was increased by 3.6～4.3 g/pant, 1 620～1 935 kg/hm~2 approximately.(3) The application of RSC increased Cd transport from root to shoot and significant raised the amount of Cd accumulated in rice plant, especially in the aerial part. In general, in the present study, the application of RSC increased the total Cd concentrations in rice grain. And it still remained at a low level, could meet the safety production of rice in Cd moderately pollution area. However, if RSC was applied to soil with higher Cd pollution level or higher Cd bioavailability, the total Cd concentrations in rice grain might be higher than the national limit of Cd in food. Therefore, we suggested that the application of RSC should be more prudent for the Cd-contaminated fields for the premise of ensuring rice safety production.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].(2014-04-17)[2018-09-01].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417-270670.htm.
[2] Juliano B O, Hicks P A. Rice functional properties and rice food products[J].Food Reviews International,1996,12(1):71-103.
[3] 杨文弢,周航,邓贵友,等.组配改良剂对污染稻田中铅、镉和砷生物有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):257-263.
[4] Lee S S, Lim J E, Abd El-Azeem S A M, et al. Heavy metal immobilization in soil near abandoned mines using eggshell waste and rapeseed residue[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20:1719-1726.
[5] Yang W T, Gu J F, Zou J L, et al. Impacts of rapeseed dregs on Cd availability in contaminated acid soil and Cd translocation and accumulation in rice plants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:20853-20861.
[6] Yin B K, Zhou LQ, Yin B, et al. Effects of organic amendments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and uptake of heavy metals in contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16:537-546.
[7] Ok S Y, Usman A R A, Lee S S, et al. Effects of rapeseed residue on lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plants in heavy metal contaminated paddy soil[J].Chemosphere,2011,85:677-682.
[8] Yang W T, Zhou H, Gu J F, et al. Influence of rapeseed cake on iron plaque formation and cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings exposed to excess Cd[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2017,99:601-606.
[9] Zhang R H, Li Z G, Liu X D, et al. Immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in greenhouse soils amended with rice straw-derived biochar[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,98:183-188.
[10] 王玉军,窦森,李业东,等.鸡粪堆肥处理对重金属形态的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):913-917.
[11] 易卿,胡学玉,柯跃进,等.不同生物质黑碳对土壤中外源镉(Cd)有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):88-94.
[12] Wang G M, Zhou L X. Application of green manure and pig manure to cd-contaminated paddy soil increases the risk of cd uptake by rice and cd downward migration into groundwater: Field micro-plot trials[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2017:228-229.
[13] 郭微,戴九兰,王仁卿.溶解性有机质影响土壤吸附重金属的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):761-768.
[14] 葛滢,黄丹丹,周权锁.添加有机物料对淹水土壤Cd活性的影响机制[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(10):1093-1099.
[15] 李慧,刘艳,卢海威,等.湖南镉污染农田土壤钝化后两个品种水稻的生长效应[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(6):298-302.
[16] 杨文弢,王英杰,周航,等.水稻不同生育期根际及非根际土壤砷形态迁移转化规律[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):323-328.
[17] 罗安程,Subedi T B,章永松,等.有机肥对水稻根际土壤中微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):321-327.
[18] 韩新忠,朱利群,杨敏芳,等.不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2192-2199.
[19] 王丹英,彭建,徐春梅,等.油菜作绿肥还田的培肥效应及对水稻生长的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,26(1):85-91.
[20] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
[21] 李造煌,杨文弢,邹佳玲,等.钙镁磷肥对土壤Cd生物有效性和糙米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(6):2322-2330.
[22] 吴玉俊,周航,朱维,等.碳酸钙和海泡石组配对水稻中Pb和Cd迁移转运的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):4047-4054.
[23] Toshimitsu H, Hirotomo O, Ayako K K, et al. Optimal soil Eh, pH, and water management for simultaneously minimizing arsenic and cadmium concentrations in rice grains[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2016,50:4178-4185.
[24] Ueno D, Koyama E, Yamaji N, et al. Physiological, genetic, and molecular characterization of a high-Cd-accumulating rice cultivar, Jarjan[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(7):2265-2272.
[25] Takahashi R, Ishimaru Y, Shimo H. The OsHMA2 transporter is involved in root-to-shoot translocation of Zn and Cd in rice[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2012,35(11):1948-1957.
[26] Garcia-Mina J M. Stability solubility and maximum metal binding capacity in metal-humic complexes involving humic substances extracted from peat and organic compost[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(12):1960-1972.
[27] 王意锟,张焕朝,郝秀珍,等.有机物料在重金属污染农田土壤修复中的应用研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1275-1280.
[2] Juliano B O, Hicks P A. Rice functional properties and rice food products[J].Food Reviews International,1996,12(1):71-103.
[3] 杨文弢,周航,邓贵友,等.组配改良剂对污染稻田中铅、镉和砷生物有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):257-263.
[4] Lee S S, Lim J E, Abd El-Azeem S A M, et al. Heavy metal immobilization in soil near abandoned mines using eggshell waste and rapeseed residue[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20:1719-1726.
[5] Yang W T, Gu J F, Zou J L, et al. Impacts of rapeseed dregs on Cd availability in contaminated acid soil and Cd translocation and accumulation in rice plants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:20853-20861.
[6] Yin B K, Zhou LQ, Yin B, et al. Effects of organic amendments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and uptake of heavy metals in contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16:537-546.
[7] Ok S Y, Usman A R A, Lee S S, et al. Effects of rapeseed residue on lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plants in heavy metal contaminated paddy soil[J].Chemosphere,2011,85:677-682.
[8] Yang W T, Zhou H, Gu J F, et al. Influence of rapeseed cake on iron plaque formation and cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings exposed to excess Cd[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2017,99:601-606.
[9] Zhang R H, Li Z G, Liu X D, et al. Immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in greenhouse soils amended with rice straw-derived biochar[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,98:183-188.
[10] 王玉军,窦森,李业东,等.鸡粪堆肥处理对重金属形态的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):913-917.
[11] 易卿,胡学玉,柯跃进,等.不同生物质黑碳对土壤中外源镉(Cd)有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):88-94.
[12] Wang G M, Zhou L X. Application of green manure and pig manure to cd-contaminated paddy soil increases the risk of cd uptake by rice and cd downward migration into groundwater: Field micro-plot trials[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2017:228-229.
[13] 郭微,戴九兰,王仁卿.溶解性有机质影响土壤吸附重金属的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):761-768.
[14] 葛滢,黄丹丹,周权锁.添加有机物料对淹水土壤Cd活性的影响机制[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(10):1093-1099.
[15] 李慧,刘艳,卢海威,等.湖南镉污染农田土壤钝化后两个品种水稻的生长效应[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(6):298-302.
[16] 杨文弢,王英杰,周航,等.水稻不同生育期根际及非根际土壤砷形态迁移转化规律[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):323-328.
[17] 罗安程,Subedi T B,章永松,等.有机肥对水稻根际土壤中微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):321-327.
[18] 韩新忠,朱利群,杨敏芳,等.不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2192-2199.
[19] 王丹英,彭建,徐春梅,等.油菜作绿肥还田的培肥效应及对水稻生长的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,26(1):85-91.
[20] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
[21] 李造煌,杨文弢,邹佳玲,等.钙镁磷肥对土壤Cd生物有效性和糙米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(6):2322-2330.
[22] 吴玉俊,周航,朱维,等.碳酸钙和海泡石组配对水稻中Pb和Cd迁移转运的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):4047-4054.
[23] Toshimitsu H, Hirotomo O, Ayako K K, et al. Optimal soil Eh, pH, and water management for simultaneously minimizing arsenic and cadmium concentrations in rice grains[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2016,50:4178-4185.
[24] Ueno D, Koyama E, Yamaji N, et al. Physiological, genetic, and molecular characterization of a high-Cd-accumulating rice cultivar, Jarjan[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(7):2265-2272.
[25] Takahashi R, Ishimaru Y, Shimo H. The OsHMA2 transporter is involved in root-to-shoot translocation of Zn and Cd in rice[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2012,35(11):1948-1957.
[26] Garcia-Mina J M. Stability solubility and maximum metal binding capacity in metal-humic complexes involving humic substances extracted from peat and organic compost[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(12):1960-1972.
[27] 王意锟,张焕朝,郝秀珍,等.有机物料在重金属污染农田土壤修复中的应用研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1275-1280.