豫东地区小麦冻害的形成特点及原因解析
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摘要
以1981—2010年度商丘市小麦生长季的气象数据为资料,系统地研究了小麦生育期冻害发生规律,深入地分析了形成原因。研究表明:该区小麦冻害10年10遇,重灾年率为10年8遇。与常年相比,冻害的发生频率呈现变化不大,危害程度呈现冻害有所减轻的趋势;时期呈现冻害初冬和早春逐渐减少,越冬和晚霜逐渐增多的态势;空间分布呈现冻害东部重,西部次之,中部轻的特征。从冻害形成原因上来看,该区每年冬初至春末冷暖空气交替频繁,气候多变,低温灾害性天气多;另外,由于耕层浅、播量过大、水肥管理不适等人为因素也会造成小麦易遭受冻害。
Based on the meteorological data of wheat growing season in Shangqiu City in 1981-2010,the occurrence regularity of wheat freezing injury in growing period was studied systematically,and the forming reasons were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that there were 10 times of wheat freezing damage in 10 years and 8 times of severe damage in 10 years. Compared with the year-round,the occurrence frequency of freezing injury showed little change,and the degree of damage showed a tendency to reduce. In the early winter and early spring,the frost damage decreased gradually,while the overwintering and the late frost increased gradually.The spatial distribution shows that the frost damage is heavy in the east,second in the west and light in the middle. From the causes of frost damage,the cold and warm air alternate frequently from early winter to late spring,the climate is changeable,and the low temperature disastrous weather is more. In addition,human factors such as shallow plough layer,too large sowing amount and unsuitable management of water and fertilizer can also cause wheat to suffer from freezing injury.
Based on the meteorological data of wheat growing season in Shangqiu City in 1981-2010,the occurrence regularity of wheat freezing injury in growing period was studied systematically,and the forming reasons were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that there were 10 times of wheat freezing damage in 10 years and 8 times of severe damage in 10 years. Compared with the year-round,the occurrence frequency of freezing injury showed little change,and the degree of damage showed a tendency to reduce. In the early winter and early spring,the frost damage decreased gradually,while the overwintering and the late frost increased gradually.The spatial distribution shows that the frost damage is heavy in the east,second in the west and light in the middle. From the causes of frost damage,the cold and warm air alternate frequently from early winter to late spring,the climate is changeable,and the low temperature disastrous weather is more. In addition,human factors such as shallow plough layer,too large sowing amount and unsuitable management of water and fertilizer can also cause wheat to suffer from freezing injury.
引文
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[2]朱伟,李玉兰,闫世忠,等.豫东地区小麦主要的气象灾害及综合防御技术[J].农业科技通讯,2009(12):117-118.
[3]沈鸿,孙雪萍,林晓梅.黄淮地区冬小麦霜冻灾害风险评估[J].防灾科技学院学报,2011,13(3):71-77.
[4]罗新兰,张彦,孙忠富,等.黄淮平原冬小麦霜冻害时空分布特点的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):45-50.
[5]郑国喜.黄淮海小麦冻害成因及生产建议[J].科学种养,2016(2):13-15.
[6]翟冷楚,梁建娥.小麦冻害成因分析及预防措施[J].农业技术与装备,2014(8):56-58.
[7]王怡.黄淮海麦区小麦倒春寒冻害及其预防措施[J].农业科技通讯,2014(1):139-140,211.
[8]邰凤雷.小麦冻害的成因和对策[J].现代农村科技,2013(9):22.
[9]张平.小麦冻害类型与发生原因及其预防补救调控关键技术[J].农业科技通讯,2010(8):162-163,216.
[10]王东海,许进堂,李新会,等.河南省小麦冻害的发生原因及防治措施[J].种业导刊,2009(10):23-25.