福州市区PM_(2.5)化学成分及来源分析
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摘要
目的探索福州市区大气环境中PM_(2.5)化学成分和来源。方法用石英滤膜采集2017年8月至2018年7月福州市大气PM_(2.5)样品,用离子色谱仪(IC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析PM_(2.5)中的8种水溶性离子和23种金属元素。结果福州市区大气PM_(2.5)金属元素的季节变化特征:冬(2 168.70±816.57)ng/m~3>春(1 608.27±827.10)ng/m~3>秋(1 119.30±324.99)ng/m~3>夏(919.24±314.68)ng/m~3;8种水溶性离子总质量浓度春夏秋冬季分别为(19.74±5.09)μg/m~3、(9.84±1.07)μg/m~3、(11.92±1.10)μg/m~3和(22.32±4.52)μg/m~3;大气PM_(2.5)金属元素与水溶性离子浓度均为冬春季>夏秋季。结论正矩阵因子模型(PMF)源解析表明,福州市大气PM_(2.5)主要来自合金制造、尾气排放、扬尘、垃圾焚烧、二次气溶胶和工业排放,其中尾气排放贡献率最高,而垃圾焚烧贡献率最低。
Objective To explore the chemical compositions and the sources of PM_(2.5) in atmospheric environment in Fuzhou City.Methods The samples of PM_(2.5) were collected by quartz filter membrane method in Fuzhou from August2017 to July 2018.Eight kinds of water-soluble ions and 23 kinds of metal elements in PM_(2.5) were analyzed by IC and ICP-MS method.Results The seasonal variation characteristics of metal elements were:winter(2 168.70±816.57)ng/m~3>spring(1 608.27±827.10)ng/m~3> autumn(1 119.30±324.99)ng/m~3> summer(919.24±314.68)ng/m~3.The total mass concentrations of the eight kinds of water-soluble ions in spring,summer,autumn and winter were(19.74±5.09),(9.84±1.07),(11.92±1.10)and(22.32±4.52)μg/m~3,respectively.Both metal and water-soluble ions concentrations were higher in winter and spring than those in summer and autumn.Conclusion The main sources of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou are metal manufacturing,exhaust emission,dust,waste incineration,secondary aerosol and industrial emissions by using PMF(positive matrix factorization)analysis method,the contribution rate of exhaust emission is the highest and the waste incineration is the lowest.
Objective To explore the chemical compositions and the sources of PM_(2.5) in atmospheric environment in Fuzhou City.Methods The samples of PM_(2.5) were collected by quartz filter membrane method in Fuzhou from August2017 to July 2018.Eight kinds of water-soluble ions and 23 kinds of metal elements in PM_(2.5) were analyzed by IC and ICP-MS method.Results The seasonal variation characteristics of metal elements were:winter(2 168.70±816.57)ng/m~3>spring(1 608.27±827.10)ng/m~3> autumn(1 119.30±324.99)ng/m~3> summer(919.24±314.68)ng/m~3.The total mass concentrations of the eight kinds of water-soluble ions in spring,summer,autumn and winter were(19.74±5.09),(9.84±1.07),(11.92±1.10)and(22.32±4.52)μg/m~3,respectively.Both metal and water-soluble ions concentrations were higher in winter and spring than those in summer and autumn.Conclusion The main sources of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou are metal manufacturing,exhaust emission,dust,waste incineration,secondary aerosol and industrial emissions by using PMF(positive matrix factorization)analysis method,the contribution rate of exhaust emission is the highest and the waste incineration is the lowest.
引文
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[2]LIU T,ZHANG YH,XU YJ,et al.The effects of dust-haze on mortality are modified by seasons and individual characteristics in Guangzhou,China[J].Environ Pollut,2014,187(8):116-123.
[3]周权,林馨,卢永基.福州市城区2015-2017年空气污染对居民死亡影响的时间序列研究[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2018,24(5):15-17.
[4]LEE PK,BROOK JR,DABEK-ZLOTORZYNSKA E,et al.Identification of the major sources contributing to PM2.5observed in Toronto[J].Environ Sci Technol,2003,37(21):4831-4840.
[5]PAATERO P,TAPPER U.Positive matrix factorization:A non‐negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J].Environmetrics,1994,5(2):111-126.
[6]陈敬,黄建春,陈珊珊,等.三明市大气PM2.5浓度及3种水溶性阴离子组成特征[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2016,22(6):10-13.
[7]LORANGER S,ZAYED J,KENNEDY G.Contribution of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl(MMT)to atmospheric Mn concentration near expressway:dispersion modeling estimations[J].Atmos Environ,1995,29(5):591-599.
[8]杨懂艳,刘保献,张大伟,等.2012-2013年间北京市PM2.5中水溶性离子时空分布规律及相关性分析[J].环境科学,2015(3):768-773.
[9]WANG Y,ZHUANG G,ZHANG X,et al.The ion chemistry,seasonal cycle,and sources of PM2.5and TSP aerosol in Shanghai[J].Atmos Environ,2006,40(16):2935-2952.
[10]TAO J,ZHANG L,CAO J,et al.Source apportionment of PM2.5at urban and suburban areas of the Pearl River Delta region,south China-With emphasis on ship emissions[J].Sci Total Environ,2016,574:1559-1570.
[11]张棕巍,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.厦门市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1947-1954.