高氨氮PN/A脱氮工艺:亚硝态氮抑制后的恢复策略
|
摘要
高氨氮短程硝化厌氧氨氧化一体化(PN/A)工艺的稳定性受亚硝态氮影响显著。考察了高氨氮PN/A工艺受亚硝态氮短期抑制后,系统脱氮性能快速恢复的策略。稳定运行的PN/A污泥在ρ(NO~-_2-N)=200 mg/L条件下抑制2 h后,首先考察厌氧氨氧化菌在不同初始亚硝态氮浓度下的活性变化。此外,考察了受抑制后的PN/A工艺在不同DO浓度(0.05～1 mg/L)下的脱氮性能,结果表明:当NO~-_2-N浓度降低至50 mg/L以下时,厌氧氨氧化菌才明显表现出活性;受抑制后的PN/A工艺中,厌氧氨氧化菌对DO敏感度增加,恢复时系统的DO宜低于正常运行时浓度。综上所述,受NO~-_2-N抑制的PN/A工艺要恢复脱氮性能,宜降低亚硝态氮浓度同时控制DO浓度。在连续运行的PN/A反应器(200 L),诱发NO~-_2-N浓度提高到160 mg/L时,TN去除负荷从0.57下降至0.2 kg/(m~3·d)。通过合理控制DO和NO~-_2-N浓度,系统负荷在30 d内即可恢复至原有水平,验证了以上恢复策略的可行性。
The stability of partial nitrification and anammox(PN/A) process is seriously impacted by nitrite nitrogen. In this study, the strategy for rapid recovery of systematic nitrogen removal performance by high-strength ammonium PN/A process after nitrite inhibition was investigated. After inhibiting PN/A sludge of stable operation for 2 h under ρ(NO【math150 z】-N)=200 mg/L, firstly, the change in anammox activity under different nitrite nitrogen concentrations nitrogen removal performance of PN/A process under different DO concentration(0.05～1 mg/L) after nitrite inhibition were investigated and the results showed that anammox could show significant activity only when the NO~-_2-N concentration decreased to be lower than 50 mg/L. In addition, anammox bacteria became more sensitive to dissolved oxygen during the PN/A process after inhibition, and for recovering, the concentration of DO should be lower than that of normal operation. To sum up, to recover the nitrogen removal performance of PN/A process under nitrite inhibition, it was suggested to reduce the nitrite nitrogen concentration and control the DO concentration. In a PN/A reactor(200 L) of continuous operation, NO【math151 z】-N concentration was induced to be increased to 160 mg/L, and the total nitrogen removal rate decreased from 0.57 to 0.2 kg/(m~3·d). Through reasonably controlling concentrations of DO and nitrite nitrogen, the system load recovered to the initial level in 30 d, which confirmed the feasibility of the above recovery strategy.
The stability of partial nitrification and anammox(PN/A) process is seriously impacted by nitrite nitrogen. In this study, the strategy for rapid recovery of systematic nitrogen removal performance by high-strength ammonium PN/A process after nitrite inhibition was investigated. After inhibiting PN/A sludge of stable operation for 2 h under ρ(NO【math150 z】-N)=200 mg/L, firstly, the change in anammox activity under different nitrite nitrogen concentrations nitrogen removal performance of PN/A process under different DO concentration(0.05～1 mg/L) after nitrite inhibition were investigated and the results showed that anammox could show significant activity only when the NO~-_2-N concentration decreased to be lower than 50 mg/L. In addition, anammox bacteria became more sensitive to dissolved oxygen during the PN/A process after inhibition, and for recovering, the concentration of DO should be lower than that of normal operation. To sum up, to recover the nitrogen removal performance of PN/A process under nitrite inhibition, it was suggested to reduce the nitrite nitrogen concentration and control the DO concentration. In a PN/A reactor(200 L) of continuous operation, NO【math151 z】-N concentration was induced to be increased to 160 mg/L, and the total nitrogen removal rate decreased from 0.57 to 0.2 kg/(m~3·d). Through reasonably controlling concentrations of DO and nitrite nitrogen, the system load recovered to the initial level in 30 d, which confirmed the feasibility of the above recovery strategy.
引文
[1] Ali M, Chai L Y, Tang C J, et al. The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China: bacteria, process development, and application [J]. Biomed Research International, 2013(6):134-914.
[2] Liang Z, Liu J. Landfill leachate treatment with a novel process: anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) combined with soil infiltration system [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 151(1):202-12.
[3] Gao F, Zhang H, Yang F, et al. Study of an innovative anaerobic (A)/oxic (O)/anaerobic (A) bioreactor based on denitrification-anammox technology treating low C/N municipal sewage [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 232(10):65-73.
[4] Morales N, Val Del Rio A, Vazquez-Padin JR, et al. Integration of the Anammox process to the rejection water and main stream lines of WWTPs [J]. Chemosphere, 2015,140:99-105.
[5] Schmidt I, Sliekers O, Schmid M, et al. New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J]. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2010, 27(4):481-492.
[6] Vázquezpadín J R, Pozo M J, Jarpa M, et al. Treatment of anaerobic sludge digester effluents by the CANON process in an air pulsing SBR[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 166(1):336-341.
[7] Wyffels S, Boeckx P, Pynaert K, et al. Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water by a two-stage oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification denitrification process[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2004, 49(5/6):57-64.
[8] Susanne L, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10):292-303.
[9] Strous M, Heijnen J J, Kuenen J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 1998, 50(5):589-596.
[10] Egli K, Fanger U, Alvarez P J, et al. Enrichment and characterization of the anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium rich leachate [J]. Archives of Microbiology, 2001, 175(3):198-207.
[11] Daverey A, Su S H, Huang Y T, et al. Partial nitrification and anammox process: a method for high strength optoelectronic industrial wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(9):2929-2937.
[12] Lotti T, Wr V D S, Kleerebezem R, et al. The effect of nitrite inhibition on the anammox process [J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(8):2559.
[13] Kimura Y, Isaka K, Kazama F, et al. Effects of nitrite inhibition on anaerobic ammonium oxidation [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2010, 86(1):359-365.
[14] Graaf A A V D. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor [J]. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8):2187-2196.
[15] Pathak B, Kazama F, Tanaka Y, et al. Quantification of anammox populations enriched in an immobilized microbial consortium with low levels of ammonium nitrogen and at low temperature [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2007, 76(5):1173-1179.
[16] Suneethi S, Joseph K. ANAMMOX process start up and stabilization with an anaerobic seed in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(19):8860.
[17] Jung J Y, Kang S H, Chung Y C, et al. Factors affecting the activity of anammox bacteria during start up in the continuous culture reactor [J]. Water Science & Technology, 2007, 55(1/2):459.
[18] Bagchi S, Biswas R, Nandy T. Start-up and stabilization of an Anammox process from a non-acclimatized sludge in CSTR [J]. Journal of Industrial and Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2010, 37(9):943-952.
[19] Jin R C, Xing B S, Yu J J, et al. The importance of the substrate ratio in the operation of the Anammox process in upflow biofilter [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2013, 53(3):130-137.
[20] Dapena-Mora A, Campos I F L. Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production [J]. Enzyme & Microbial Technology, 2007, 40(4):859-865.
[21] 丁爽, 厌氧氨氧化关键技术及其机理的研究 [D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2014.
[2] Liang Z, Liu J. Landfill leachate treatment with a novel process: anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) combined with soil infiltration system [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 151(1):202-12.
[3] Gao F, Zhang H, Yang F, et al. Study of an innovative anaerobic (A)/oxic (O)/anaerobic (A) bioreactor based on denitrification-anammox technology treating low C/N municipal sewage [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 232(10):65-73.
[4] Morales N, Val Del Rio A, Vazquez-Padin JR, et al. Integration of the Anammox process to the rejection water and main stream lines of WWTPs [J]. Chemosphere, 2015,140:99-105.
[5] Schmidt I, Sliekers O, Schmid M, et al. New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J]. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2010, 27(4):481-492.
[6] Vázquezpadín J R, Pozo M J, Jarpa M, et al. Treatment of anaerobic sludge digester effluents by the CANON process in an air pulsing SBR[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 166(1):336-341.
[7] Wyffels S, Boeckx P, Pynaert K, et al. Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water by a two-stage oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification denitrification process[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2004, 49(5/6):57-64.
[8] Susanne L, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10):292-303.
[9] Strous M, Heijnen J J, Kuenen J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 1998, 50(5):589-596.
[10] Egli K, Fanger U, Alvarez P J, et al. Enrichment and characterization of the anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium rich leachate [J]. Archives of Microbiology, 2001, 175(3):198-207.
[11] Daverey A, Su S H, Huang Y T, et al. Partial nitrification and anammox process: a method for high strength optoelectronic industrial wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(9):2929-2937.
[12] Lotti T, Wr V D S, Kleerebezem R, et al. The effect of nitrite inhibition on the anammox process [J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(8):2559.
[13] Kimura Y, Isaka K, Kazama F, et al. Effects of nitrite inhibition on anaerobic ammonium oxidation [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2010, 86(1):359-365.
[14] Graaf A A V D. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor [J]. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8):2187-2196.
[15] Pathak B, Kazama F, Tanaka Y, et al. Quantification of anammox populations enriched in an immobilized microbial consortium with low levels of ammonium nitrogen and at low temperature [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2007, 76(5):1173-1179.
[16] Suneethi S, Joseph K. ANAMMOX process start up and stabilization with an anaerobic seed in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(19):8860.
[17] Jung J Y, Kang S H, Chung Y C, et al. Factors affecting the activity of anammox bacteria during start up in the continuous culture reactor [J]. Water Science & Technology, 2007, 55(1/2):459.
[18] Bagchi S, Biswas R, Nandy T. Start-up and stabilization of an Anammox process from a non-acclimatized sludge in CSTR [J]. Journal of Industrial and Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2010, 37(9):943-952.
[19] Jin R C, Xing B S, Yu J J, et al. The importance of the substrate ratio in the operation of the Anammox process in upflow biofilter [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2013, 53(3):130-137.
[20] Dapena-Mora A, Campos I F L. Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production [J]. Enzyme & Microbial Technology, 2007, 40(4):859-865.
[21] 丁爽, 厌氧氨氧化关键技术及其机理的研究 [D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2014.