一体化序批式污水净化机的初步设计
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摘要
目前,国内农村生活污水有增长快、来源广、污染物质成分复杂、污染物浓度低、处理率不高等特点。伴随着农村生活方式的改善以及农村经济的发展,生活污水量也逐渐上涨,加之村庄分散的特点易导致污水分散,难以集中处理。本文中设计了一个自动化的序批式小型家用污水净化机,自动化控制,维护管理简单,序批式可满足污水时有时无的情况,污水处理部分采用三级过滤、UV/BiPO4/O3处理技术,使净化水达到农业灌溉、地下水回灌、养殖等标准,达到节水减排的目的。
At present,in China rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of rapid volume growth,wide sources,complex composition,low concentration of pollutants,and low treatment rate. With the improvement of rural life style and the development of rural economy,the quantity of domestic sewage is also increasing gradually. In addition,the decentralized characteristics of villages tend to lead to decentralized sewage,which is difficult to be treated centrally. So an automated sequencing batch small household sewage purifier was designed,which can realize automatic control,easy to maintain and manage,and the sequencing batch can deal with the situation that sometimes there is no sewage. The sewage treatment part adopts three stage filtration and UV/BiPO4/O3 treatment technology. The purified water can reach the standards of agricultural irrigation,groundwater recharge,and aquaculture,and achieve the purpose of saving water and reducing emissions.
At present,in China rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of rapid volume growth,wide sources,complex composition,low concentration of pollutants,and low treatment rate. With the improvement of rural life style and the development of rural economy,the quantity of domestic sewage is also increasing gradually. In addition,the decentralized characteristics of villages tend to lead to decentralized sewage,which is difficult to be treated centrally. So an automated sequencing batch small household sewage purifier was designed,which can realize automatic control,easy to maintain and manage,and the sequencing batch can deal with the situation that sometimes there is no sewage. The sewage treatment part adopts three stage filtration and UV/BiPO4/O3 treatment technology. The purified water can reach the standards of agricultural irrigation,groundwater recharge,and aquaculture,and achieve the purpose of saving water and reducing emissions.
引文
[1]贾小宁，何小娟，韩凯旋，等．农村生活污水处理技术研究进展[J]．水处理技术，2018,44(9):22-26.
[2]范彬，武洁玮，刘超，等．美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示[J]．中国给水排水，2009,25(10):6-10,14.
[3]范彬，胡明，顾俊，等．不同农村污水收集处理方式的经济性比较[J]．中国给水排水，2015,31(14):20-25.
[4]段先月，唐朝春，吴庆庆，等．农村污水现状及处理技术研究进展[J]．水处理技术，2018,44(9):27-31.
[5] LU S B,ZHANG X L,WANG J H,et al. Impacts of different media on constructed wetlands for rural household sewage treatment[J]. J. Clean. Prod.,2016,127:325-330.
[6]张巍，路冰，刘峥，等．北方地区农村生活污水生态稳定塘处理示范工程设计[J]．中国给水排水，2018,34(6):49-52.
[7]刘瑶宁．邢台市农村生活污水典型处理技术适用性研究[D]．保定:河北农业大学，2015.
[8]陈海山．浅谈农村分散污水处理的适用性技术[J]．中国资源综合利用，2017,35(12):41-42,45.
[9]谭立志．分散式污水处理技术在秦岭北麓旅游度假区污水处理中的应用研究[D]．西安:西安建筑科技大学，2013.
[10]王阳，石玉敏．分散式污水处理技术研究进展[J]．环境工程技术学报，2015,5(2):168-174.
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[20] ZHANG H,ZONG R L,ZHU Y F. Photocorrosion inhibition and photoactivity enhancement for zinc oxide via hybridization with monolayer polyaniline[J]. J. Phys.Chem. C,2009,113(11):4605-4611.
[21] WANG Y J,WANG Z X,MUHAMMAD S,et al.Graphite-like C3N4 hybridized Zn WO4nanorods:Synthesis and its enhanced photocatalysis in visible light[J]. Cryst Eng Comm.,2012,14(15):5065.
[22]胡胜鹏．几种铋系半导体微纳米结构的合成及光催化性能研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2014.
[23]靳慧芳，张希清．磷酸铋光催化材料的结构特性与研究进展[J]．石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版)，2015,28(1):82-85.
[24] XU J,LI L,GUO C S,et al. Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine by tailored Bi PO4:efficiency,intermediates and pathway[J]. Appl. Catal. B:Environ.,2013,130/131:285-292.
[25] PAN C S,XU J,CHEN Y,et al. Influence of OH-related defects on the performances of Bi PO4photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B[J]. Appl. Catal.B:Environ.,2012,115/116:314-319.
[2]范彬，武洁玮，刘超，等．美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示[J]．中国给水排水，2009,25(10):6-10,14.
[3]范彬，胡明，顾俊，等．不同农村污水收集处理方式的经济性比较[J]．中国给水排水，2015,31(14):20-25.
[4]段先月，唐朝春，吴庆庆，等．农村污水现状及处理技术研究进展[J]．水处理技术，2018,44(9):27-31.
[5] LU S B,ZHANG X L,WANG J H,et al. Impacts of different media on constructed wetlands for rural household sewage treatment[J]. J. Clean. Prod.,2016,127:325-330.
[6]张巍，路冰，刘峥，等．北方地区农村生活污水生态稳定塘处理示范工程设计[J]．中国给水排水，2018,34(6):49-52.
[7]刘瑶宁．邢台市农村生活污水典型处理技术适用性研究[D]．保定:河北农业大学，2015.
[8]陈海山．浅谈农村分散污水处理的适用性技术[J]．中国资源综合利用，2017,35(12):41-42,45.
[9]谭立志．分散式污水处理技术在秦岭北麓旅游度假区污水处理中的应用研究[D]．西安:西安建筑科技大学，2013.
[10]王阳，石玉敏．分散式污水处理技术研究进展[J]．环境工程技术学报，2015,5(2):168-174.
[11] ENGIN G O,DEMIR I. Cost analysis of alternative methods for wastewater handling in small communities[J]. J. Environ. Manag.,2006,79(4):357-363.
[12]王郑，崔康平，许为义，等．改良型土壤渗滤系统处理农家乐污水[J]．环境工程学报，2017,11(4):2054-2058.
[13]孙德智．环境工程中的高级氧化技术[M]．北京:化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心，2002.
[14] BELTRAN F J,OVEJERO G,GARCIA-ARAYA J F,et al. Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. 2. UV radiation and ozonation in the presence of UV radiation[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,1995,34(5):1607-1615.
[15] MONJE-RAMIREZ I,DE VELSQUEZ M T O. Removal and transformation of recalcitrant organic matter from stabilized saline landfill leachates by coagulation–ozonation coupling processes[J]. Water Res.,2004,38(9):2359-2367.
[16] PEYTON G R,GLAZE W H. Destruction of pollutants in water with ozone in combination with ultraviolet radiation. 3. Photolysis of aqueous ozone[J]. Environ. Sci.Technol.,1988,22(7):761-767.
[17] XIU Z L,BO H,WU Y Z,et al. Graphite-like C3N4modified Ag3PO4nanoparticles with highly enhanced photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci.,2014,289:394-399．
[18] THOMAS M,GHOSH S K,GEORGE K C. Characterisation of nanostructured silver orthophosphate[J]. Mater. Lett.,2002,56(4):386-392.
[19] YAN S C,LI Z S,ZOU Z G. Photodegradation performance of g-C3N4Fabricated by directly heating melamine[J]. Langmuir,2009,25(17):10397-10401.
[20] ZHANG H,ZONG R L,ZHU Y F. Photocorrosion inhibition and photoactivity enhancement for zinc oxide via hybridization with monolayer polyaniline[J]. J. Phys.Chem. C,2009,113(11):4605-4611.
[21] WANG Y J,WANG Z X,MUHAMMAD S,et al.Graphite-like C3N4 hybridized Zn WO4nanorods:Synthesis and its enhanced photocatalysis in visible light[J]. Cryst Eng Comm.,2012,14(15):5065.
[22]胡胜鹏．几种铋系半导体微纳米结构的合成及光催化性能研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2014.
[23]靳慧芳，张希清．磷酸铋光催化材料的结构特性与研究进展[J]．石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版)，2015,28(1):82-85.
[24] XU J,LI L,GUO C S,et al. Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine by tailored Bi PO4:efficiency,intermediates and pathway[J]. Appl. Catal. B:Environ.,2013,130/131:285-292.
[25] PAN C S,XU J,CHEN Y,et al. Influence of OH-related defects on the performances of Bi PO4photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B[J]. Appl. Catal.B:Environ.,2012,115/116:314-319.
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