中国近海环境中汞的水质基准与生态风险
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摘要
汞是中国近海海域中主要的重金属类污染物,由于其高毒性和稳定性,可能对海洋生态和环境产生潜在风险,但目前我国尚缺乏汞的海水水质基准研究。现有汞的海水水质标准主要基于国外的生物毒性资料制定,该标准能否为中国的海洋生物和环境提供恰当的保护尚不明确。因此,本文搜集筛选了74种中国海洋生物的毒性数据,并采用物种敏感度分布法推导了汞的海水水质基准。在此基础上,结合中国沿海水体中汞的环境暴露数据,采用商值法对中国近海水环境中汞的生态风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,中国近海环境中汞的长期基准值为0.433μg·L-1,短期基准值为1.659μg·L-1;整体上,中国近海环境中汞的生态风险较低,但局部海域存在高风险,慢性风险商最高达5.35。
Mercury is one of the main heavy metal pollutants in coastal waters of China.It may cause potential risk to marine ecology and environment for its high toxicity and stability.However,there was no relevant research for sea water quality criteria of mercury in China.The Chinese current sea water quality standard about mercury was established based on toxicity data of other countries.It is not clear that whether it can provide enough protection for marine organisms in China.Therefore,this study collected and screened mercury's toxicity data of 74 Chinese marine species.Species sensitivity distribution method was used to derive the marine water quality criteria of mercury.Then the ecological risk of mercury was assessed with RQ methodology based on both the derived criteria and exposure data.The results demonstrated that the long-term and short-term marine water quality criteria were 0.433 and 1.659μg·L-1,respectively.Overall,the ecological risk of mercury in coastal waters of China was in a relatively low level,but there existed high risk in local sea area and the highest chronic risk quotient reached to 5.35.
Mercury is one of the main heavy metal pollutants in coastal waters of China.It may cause potential risk to marine ecology and environment for its high toxicity and stability.However,there was no relevant research for sea water quality criteria of mercury in China.The Chinese current sea water quality standard about mercury was established based on toxicity data of other countries.It is not clear that whether it can provide enough protection for marine organisms in China.Therefore,this study collected and screened mercury's toxicity data of 74 Chinese marine species.Species sensitivity distribution method was used to derive the marine water quality criteria of mercury.Then the ecological risk of mercury was assessed with RQ methodology based on both the derived criteria and exposure data.The results demonstrated that the long-term and short-term marine water quality criteria were 0.433 and 1.659μg·L-1,respectively.Overall,the ecological risk of mercury in coastal waters of China was in a relatively low level,but there existed high risk in local sea area and the highest chronic risk quotient reached to 5.35.
引文
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